Volume: 46 Issue: 2 , 6/30/25

Year: 2025

Review

Research Article

Cumhuriyet Science Journal (Cumhuriyet Sci J) is an official publication of Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Science.
The high-quality original research and review articles related to the natural sciences are published online four times a year. 

Cumhuriyet Science Journal publishes research and review articles on biochemistry, biology, chemistry, mathematics, molecular biology and genetics, physics, and statistics.

 

*** The Cumhuriyet Science Journal aims to publish original Full Research and Review Articles.  Survey studies that do not include experimental research are not accepted.

Research Articles should include;

* scientific novelty,

* acceptable experimental results,

* Figures with high resolution (if there is)

* Tables with editable format (if there is)

* 2500 word excluding references

Review Articles should,

* be appropriate to the CSJ's scope.

* contain at least 4000 words and at most 8000 words, excluding references.

* include a sufficient number of current references, including from CSJ.

* cite at min.30 and at max. 80 current references.

** Review articles are published after the peer review and if deemed appropriate by the editorial board.  The number of review articles to be published in each issue is limited.

Thank you for choosing to submit your paper to Cumhuriyet Science Journal. The following instructions will ensure that we have everything we need to take your paper smoothly through the preliminary evaluation, peer review, production, and publication process. Please take the time to read and follow them as closely as possible to ensure that your paper meets the journal's requirements.

o The manuscript file should be prepared in MS Word format by considering the rules below.
o The ORCID number is mandatory for all authors.
o The manuscript file should include all figures and tables. All figures and tables should be given with their captions.
o "The conflict of interest" section should be added end of manuscript.
o "Copyright form" should be submitted during manuscript uploading.

o For authors who submit manuscripts in Maths Area: Please, use Equation Editor in MS Word when you need to write equations. If you use MathType Editor, be sure that Calibri Font is at 11 size. !!!



Article Title (Calibri 14, Bold, First letters should be written in capital letters)
Name Surname1,a,*, Name Surname2,b, Name Surname3,c, Name Surname4,d (Calibri 9, Bold)
1 Department, Faculty, University, City, Country. (Calibri 7,5, Italic)
*Corresponding author

a author1@domain.com https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000         b author2@domain.com https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000
c author3@domain.com https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000       d author4@domain.com https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000

ABSTRACT

 The abstract should contain min.175-max.250 words, (only for mathematical sciences min.75-max.150)

Abstract text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text. (min.75-max.200 words)
Keywords: Keyword keyword, Keyword keyword, Keyword keyword, (max.5)

Subtitles (Calibri 11, Bold)

Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text [1].
Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text (Calibri 10)
Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text [2-4].


Figure 1. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text (Calibri 10)

Table 2. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text (Calibri 10)


!!! These sectines should be added to end of manuscript.


Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest in this work.


Acknowledge

Thanks to projects or anyone..... The other stituations...


Ethical Approval Statement

(Statements of ethical approval for studies involving human subjects and/or animals)

If your study involves human subjects and/or animals, and also if your manuscript includes case reports/case series, you need to provide the following:

* Authors must provide the name of the ethical approval committee/Institutional Review Board they have obtained consent from along with approval number/ID.
* Authors should specifically mention if a waiver was obtained for the study and reason for the waiver. They should confirm that the study was conducted in accordance with Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013.

* Since patients have a right to privacy, identifying information (including patients’ images, names, initials, or hospital numbers) should not be included in recordings, written descriptions, or photographs, unless the information is essential for scientific purposes. In any case, written informed consent from the patient must be obtained for publication of these graphics in print and electronic form. If such consent has not been obtained, personal details of patients in any part of the paper and in any supplementary materials (including illustrations) must be removed before submission.

References (max.40 references for research article)


(For Journals.)
(Journal names should be written as italic)

[1] Karaca E., Ulusoy S., Morgül Ü., Ulusoy H.I., Development of Analytical Method for Sensitive Determination of Streptozotocin based on Solid Phase Extraction, Cumhuriyet Sci. J., 41 (4) (2020) 826-831.
[2] Keskin B., Ozkan A.S., Inverse Spectral Problems for Dirac Operator with Eigenvalue Dependent Boundary and Jump Conditions, Acta Math. Hungar., 130 (2011) 150-159.
(for book chapters)
[3] Mazur M.T., Kurman R.J., Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. In: Mazur M.T., Kurman R.J., (Eds). Diagnosis of endometrial biopsies and curettings, A practical approach. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, (2005) 100-120.
(for books)
[4] Mazur M.T., Kurman R.J.,Diagnosis of endometrial biopsies and curettings, A practical approach. 2nd ed. Berlin, (2005) 100-120.

(for websites)
[5] National Cancer Institute, Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results. Cancer of the Corpus and Uterus, NOS. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/corp.html?statfacts_page=corp. Retrieved March 2, 2008.

(for thesis)
[6] Surname N., Title of thesis, PD or master thesis, Name of university, name of institue, year.

(Abstratcs in conferences are not accepted as a valid reference except full text)
[7] Surname N., Title of fulltext conference paper, name of conference, city, year, pages. (Calibri 9)

 

Editorial Principles:

Publisher

Cumhuriyet Science Journal is published by Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Science, Sivas/Turkiye.

Aim

Cumhuriyet Science Journal is an official publication of Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Science. The high-quality original research papers related to the natural sciences are published online four times a year. 

Scope

Cumhuriyet Science Journal publishes original studies on Natural Sciences (Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Physics, Statistics).

Period

Quarterly (20 March, 20 June, 20 September, and 20 December)

Cumhuriyet Science Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal that is published four times a year.

Review of Articles

Cumhuriyet Science Journal accepts submissions from researchers.
Articles submitted to Cumhuriyet Science Journal are first reviewed by the editors according to the journal's publishing principles.
Those found unsuitable are returned to their authors for revision.
Academic objectivity and scientific quality are considered of paramount importance.
Submissions deemed suitable will be referred to two referees working in relevant fields. The names of the referees are kept confidential and the referee reports are archived for five years. If one of the referee reports is positive and the other negative, the article may be forwarded to a third referee for further evaluation, or the Editor may make a final decision based on the nature of the referee reports. Authors are responsible for revising their articles in line with the criticisms and suggestions made by the referees and the Editor. If they disagree with any points, they may submit an appeal, clearly stating their reasons.

Language of Publication

The language of the Cumhuriyet Science Journal is English.

Plagiarism Policy

All articles are checked by a program (Ithenticate) to make sure they have not been published before and to avoid plagiarism.

Open Access Policy

This journal provides immediate open access to its content, based on the principle of making research freely available to the public, thereby promoting a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Cumhuriyet Science Journal is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC)
The base URL for our repository: http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/api/public/oai/csj

Archiving

Each issue is distributed to libraries and international indexing institutions within one month of publication.

Processing Charges

Cumhuriyet Science Journal does not charge authors for article submission, processing, or printing.

Preparation and Submissions

Submissions to this journal are made online through the submission page.
Submissions to Cumhuriyet Science Journal should be original articles that evaluate previous studies in the field and bring new and valuable ideas and perspectives.
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in the section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Each subsection may have a short heading. Each heading should appear on a separate line.
State the aims of the work and provide adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature review or summary of results.
Results should be clear and concise.
An article to be published in Cumhuriyet Science Journal should not have been previously published or accepted for publication elsewhere.
 
Publication Policy:

The publication process at Cumhuriyet Science Journal (Cumhuriyet Sci J) is the basis for improving and disseminating information objectively and respectfully. Therefore, the procedures in this process improve the quality of manuscripts. Peer-reviewed studies are the ones that support and materialize the scientific method. At this point, all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers, researchers, publishers, reviewers, and editors) follow the standards of ethical considerations. Cumhuriyet Science Journal (Cumhuriyet Sci J) expects the following ethical responsibilities from all parties. The following ethical duties and responsibilities are written in light of the guidelines and policies of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. It is therefore important to agree on standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, and the publisher.

1. Publication and authorship:

· List of references, and financial support;
· No plagiarism, no fraudulent data;
· Forbidden to publish the same research in more than one journal.

2. Author’s responsibilities:

· Authors obliged to participate in the peer-review process;
· All authors have significantly contributed to the research;
· Statement that all data in the article are real and authentic;
· All authors are obliged to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

3. Peer review/responsibility for the reviewers:

· Judgments should be objective;

· Reviewers should have no conflict of interest with the research, the authors, and/or the research funders;

· Reviewers should point out relevant published work which is not yet cited;

· Reviewed articles should be treated as confidential.


4. Editorial responsibilities:

· Editors have complete responsibility and authority to reject/accept an article;

· Editors should have no conflict of interest concerning articles they reject/accept;
· Only accept a paper when reasonably certain;
· When errors are found, promote the publication of a correction or retraction;
· Preserve the anonymity of reviewers.
· No plagiarism, no fraudulent data.

5. Publishing ethics issues

· Monitoring/safeguarding publishing ethics by the editorial board;

· Guidelines for retracting articles;
· Maintain the integrity of the academic record;
· Preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards;
· Always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.

Duties of the Publisher

Cumhuriyet Science Journal (Cumhuriyet Sci J) is committed to ensuring that commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions. In addition, CSJ will assist in communications with other journals and/or publishers where this is useful to editors. Finally, we are working closely with other publishers and industry associations to set standards for best practices on ethical matters, errors, and retractions–and are prepared to provide specialized legal review and counsel if necessary.


Plagiarism Detection

Cumhuriyet Science Journal (Cumhuriyet Sci J) uses single-blind peer review, which is carried out by at least two reviewers. In addition, all articles are checked with a program (Ithenticate) to confirm that they have not been published before and to avoid plagiarism. The peer review process is at the heart of the success of scientific publishing. As part of our commitment to protecting and improving the peer review process, CSJ is committed to assisting the scientific community in all aspects of publishing ethics, particularly in cases of (suspected) duplicate submissions or plagiarism. If a reader discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in a paper published in Cumhuriyet Science Journal (CSJ) or has any other complaint about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate papers, etc.), he/she should send a complaint by e-mail to: csj@cumhuriyet.edu.tr. We welcome complaints as they provide an opportunity for improvement and we aim to respond quickly and constructively.


There is no charge for submitting, reviewing, and publishing a paper to the journal. Cumhuriyet Science Journal is a completely free scientific journal for all users.

Editor in Chief

Fatih Ungan
Prof. Dr. Fatih UNGAN SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications, Classical and Physical Optics

Managing Editors

Baki Keskin
Prof. Dr. Baki KESKİN Sivas cumhuriyet university Web
Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations, Numerical Analysis, Mathematical Methods and Special Functions, Approximation Theory and Asymptotic Methods, Applied Mathematics (Other)
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Spectrometry, Bioassays, Metabolomic Chemistry

Associate Editors

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Prof. Dr. Ertan Mahir KORKMAZ CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK BÖLÜMÜ, MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK ANABİLİM DALI
Genomics and Transcriptomics, Computational Ecology and Phylogenetics, Sequence Analysis, Molecular Ecology, Biogeography and Phylogeography, Phylogeny and Comparative Analysis, Molecular Evolution
Serkan Akkoyun
Prof. Dr. Serkan AKKOYUN Cumhuriyet University
Physical Sciences, Nuclear Physics
Nail Altunay
Prof. Dr. Nail ALTUNAY SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Spectrometry, Instrumental Methods
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity, Structural Properties of Condensed Matter
Sultan Erkan
Prof. Dr. Sultan ERKAN SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
Chemical Sciences, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Organometallic Chemistry
Nilüfer Topsakal
Prof. Dr. Nilüfer TOPSAKAL SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Numerical Analysis, Applied Mathematics, Biological Mathematics
Savaş Kaya
Prof. Savaş KAYA Sivas Cumhuriyet University
Inorganic Chemistry (Other), Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
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Prof. Dr. Natalia P. BONDARENKO Samara National Research University
Ordinary Differential Equations, Difference Equations and Dynamical Systems, Applied Mathematics, Approximation Theory and Asymptotic Methods
Juan Carlos Martinez-orozco
Prof. Dr. Juan Carlos MARTİNEZ-OROZCO Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Mathematics Education, Physics Education, Chemistry Education
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Prof. Dr. Yu Ping WANG Nanjing Forestry University
Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations, Mathematical Methods and Special Functions, Approximation Theory and Asymptotic Methods, Applied Mathematics (Other)
Marcello Locatelli
Prof. Dr. Marcello LOCATELLİ University "G. d'Annunzio" of CHieti-Pescara
Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Spectrometry, Bioassays, Metabolomic Chemistry
Ethem Aktürk
Prof. Dr. Ethem AKTÜRK AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Material Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Nanotechnology (Other)
Hasret Yazarlı
Prof. Dr. Hasret YAZARLI SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Algebra and Number Theory, Mathematical Logic, Set Theory, Lattices and Universal Algebra
Yener Ünal
Asst. Prof. Dr. Yener ÜNAL SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, İSTATİSTİK BÖLÜMÜ
Statistics, Statistical Analysis, Probability Theory

Section Editors

Cellular Interactions, Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other), Neurosciences (Other), Nanomedicine, Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (Other), Biomaterials in Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering, Biomaterial , Materials Engineering (Other)
Nil Özbilüm Şahin
Asst. Prof. Dr. Nil ÖZBİLÜM ŞAHİN It is not affiliated with an institution
Epigenetics, Gene Expression, Neurogenetics, Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics (Excl. Cancer Genetics)
Nuh Durna
Prof. Dr. Nuh DURNA SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Operator Algebras and Functional Analysis
Emre Bahadır Al
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Bahadır AL Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Web
Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity, Condensed Matter Physics (Other)
Ergün Kasaka
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ergün KASAKA SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY
Algology, Ecology, Limnology

Editorial Board

Hüseyin Merdan
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin MERDAN TOBB UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY Web
Applied Mathematics, Biological Mathematics
Marcello Locatelli
Prof. Dr. Marcello LOCATELLİ University "G. d'Annunzio" of CHieti-Pescara
Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Spectrometry, Bioassays, Metabolomic Chemistry
Debasis Kundu
Prof. Dr. Debasis KUNDU Indian Institute of Technology
Statistical Analysis, Applied Statistics
Juan Carlos Martinez Orozco
Dr. Juan Carlos MARTİNEZ OROZCO Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (Other), Condensed Matter Physics (Other)
Pharmaceutical Delivery Technologies, Inorganic Materials, Physical Organic Chemistry
Nuclear Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics (Other), Sensor Technology, Nanomaterials
Duri Şehvar Ünal
Prof. Dr. Duri Şehvar ÜNAL İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK PR. Web
Pharmacy Management, Clinical Chemistry, Analytical Spectrometry, Instrumental Methods, Separation Science
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Prof. Dr. Abuzar KABİR Florida International University Web
Analytical Biochemistry, Medical Biochemistry - Amino Acids and Metabolites, Instrumental Methods, Separation Science
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Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÜZEN It is not affiliated with an institution
Structure and Dynamics of Materials
Tuncay Bayram
Prof. Dr. Tuncay BAYRAM Karadeniz Technical University Web
Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Energy Systems, Dedector Technology
İdris Zorlutuna
Prof. Dr. İdris ZORLUTUNA Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Matematik Bölümü
Topology
Adil Elik
Prof. Dr. Adil ELİK SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, CHEMISTRY PR.
Chemical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Spectrometry, Quality Assurance, Chemometrics, Traceability and Metrological Chemistry
Enzymes, Chemical Sciences, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Biomaterial , Nanomaterials
Emirhan Nemutlu
Prof. Dr. Emirhan NEMUTLU HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Instrumental Methods

Layout Editor

Aykut Hasbek
Instructor Aykut HASBEK SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY
Machine Learning Algorithms
Yener Ünal
Asst. Prof. Dr. Yener ÜNAL SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, İSTATİSTİK BÖLÜMÜ
Statistics, Statistical Analysis, Probability Theory

Language Editor

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Instructor Rıza ÖZUTKU SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, YABANCI DİLLER YÜKSEKOKULU
English As A Second Language, Curriculum and Instration , Special Talented Education
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Lecturer İlke TALAK SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY
Early English Languages
Mustafa Recep Oktay
Instructor Mustafa Recep OKTAY SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY
Translation and Interpretation Studies, Early English Languages