Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line

Harika Eylül Esmer Duruel; Figen Esin Kayhan

doi:10.17776/csj.1595139

TR EN

Zebra Balığı Hücre Hattında Glufosinat-Amonyumun Neden Olduğu Biyokimyasal, Sitotoksik ve Genotoksik Hasarın Tespiti

Abstract

Tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılan pestisitler, sucul ekosistemlere girebilir ve çevredeki hedef dışı organizmaları tehdit edebilir. Bu çalışmada, glufosinat-amonyumun Zebra balığı (Danio rerio) karaciğer fibroblast hücre hattı (ZFL) üzerindeki subletal toksik etkileri incelenmiştir. Hücre hatlarının sudaki kirleticilerin toksisitesini test etmede kullanılması, hedef dışı organizmaların toksisitesini test etme yöntemlerine alternatiftir. ZFL hücre hatlarında biyokimyasal incelemeler 96 saatlik uygulama ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Seçilen gruplar; Kontrol grubu 250 mgL-1, 500 mgL-1 ve 1000 mgL-1 glufosinat-amonyum dozlarından oluşmaktadır. Değerlendirilen biyokimyasal parametreler; lipid peroksidasyon tayini, redükte glutatyon tayini, katalaz enzim aktivitesi tayini, asetilkolinesteraz enzim aktivitesi tayini ve toplam protein tayinidir. Uygulamalar sonucunda kontrole karşı yapılan değerlendirmede değişiklik olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sitotoksisite ve genotoksisite testleri olarak; MTT, Nötral kırmızı alımı, Laktat dehidrogenaz, Hücre çoğalmasının belirlenmesi, Trypan mavisi, Apoptozis ve nekroz tespiti, Mikronükleus testi uygulandı. Tüm değişiklikler doza ve süreye bağlı olarak tespit edildi. Glufosinat-amonyum uygulamasını takiben oksidatif stresin indüklenmesi ve bunun sonucunda hücrelerde oluşan hasar değerlendirildi. Elde edilen sonuçların literatüre önemli katkılar sağlayarak daha ileri araştırmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line

Abstract

Pesticides widely used in agriculture can enter aquatic ecosystems and threaten non-target organisms in the environment. In this study, sublethal toxic effects of glufosinate-ammonium on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver fibroblast cell line (ZFL) were investigated. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests; MTT, neutral red uptake, lactate dehydrogenase, trypan blue tests were observed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours; apoptosis and necrosis detection at 48 and 96 hours, cell proliferation detection at 72 hours, micronucleus test at 96 hours. A sublethal dose of 2000 mgL-1 was determined as the initial concentration and there are dilution differences between the tests. As a result of the tests; Decreases were observed in all applications compared to the negative control in MTT, neutral red uptake, trypan blue, % necrosis and cell proliferation detection tests; in lactate dehydrogenase and % apoptosis tests, an increase were observed in all applications compared to the negative control. In the micronucleus test, it was determined that glufosinate-ammonium application stimulated micronucleus formation compared to the negative control. Biochemical tests were performed in ZFL cell lines with 96-hour application. Selected groups; control group, 250 mgL-1, 500 mgL-1 and 1000 mgL-1 glufosinate-ammonium doses. Evaluated biochemical parameters; lipid peroxidation determination, reduced glutathione determination, catalase enzyme activity determination, acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity determination and total protein determination. As a result of biochemical experiments; lipid peroxidation level at 1000 mgL-1; catalase enzyme activity 250 mgL-1; total protein levels in all concentrations increased compared to the control. lipid peroxidation level at 250 mgL-1 and 500 mgL-1; catalase enzyme activity 500 mgL-1 and 1000 mg/L; GSH level and AChE enzyme activity decreased at all glufosinate-ammonium dose applications. It is thought that the obtained results will provide important contributions to the literature and shed light on further research.

Keywords

Project Number

FEN-C-DRP-230119-0010

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity, Ecotoxicology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Harika Eylül Esmer Duruel ^*
0000-0002-0792-2062
Türkiye

Figen Esin Kayhan
0000-0001-7754-1356
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2025

Submission Date

December 3, 2024

Acceptance Date

May 3, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 46 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1595139

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA63UD44ZM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Esmer Duruel, H. E., & Kayhan, F. E. (2025). Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 46(2), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1595139

AMA

1.Esmer Duruel HE, Kayhan FE. Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line. CSJ. 2025;46(2):240-249. doi:10.17776/csj.1595139

Chicago

Esmer Duruel, Harika Eylül, and Figen Esin Kayhan. 2025. “Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 46 (2): 240-49. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1595139.

EndNote

Esmer Duruel HE, Kayhan FE (June 1, 2025) Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 46 2 240–249.

IEEE

[1]H. E. Esmer Duruel and F. E. Kayhan, “Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line”, CSJ, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 240–249, June 2025, doi: 10.17776/csj.1595139.

ISNAD

Esmer Duruel, Harika Eylül - Kayhan, Figen Esin. “Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 46/2 (June 1, 2025): 240-249. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1595139.

JAMA

1.Esmer Duruel HE, Kayhan FE. Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line. CSJ. 2025;46:240–249.

MLA

Esmer Duruel, Harika Eylül, and Figen Esin Kayhan. “Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, vol. 46, no. 2, June 2025, pp. 240-9, doi:10.17776/csj.1595139.

Vancouver

1.Harika Eylül Esmer Duruel, Figen Esin Kayhan. Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line. CSJ. 2025 Jun. 1;46(2):240-9. doi:10.17776/csj.1595139