Temperature-Dependent Biochemical Alterations in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to Pendimethalin and Fluometuron

Derya Kocamaz; Mine Beyazaslan; Aşkın Barış Kaya

doi:10.17776/csj.1630407

TR EN

Pendimetalin ve Fluometuron`a Farklı Sıcaklıklarda Maruz Kalmanın Tilapia nilotica Üzerindeki Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Öz

İklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak sıcaklık artışı sucul sistemlerdeki pestisit toksisitesini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, Tilapia nilotica´da pendimethalin ve fluometuron ile sıcaklık artışına birlikte maruz kalmanın biyokimyasal etkilerini araştırdık. Balıklar, pendimethalin ve fluometuron karışımının düşük (0,1 ppb) ve yüksek (1 ppb) derişimlerine 96 saat süresince iki farklı sıcaklıkta (220C ve 280C) maruz bırakıldılar. Analiz edilen tüm parametreler için derişim ve sıcaklık arasında anlamlı etkileşim bulunmuştur. Kortizol miktarı 22 0C’de her iki derişimde kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında artarken, 28 0C’de azalmıştır. Estradiol ve testosteron düzeylerinin 28 0C’de her iki derişimde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, her iki sıcaklıkta triiyodotironin ve tiroksin düzeylerinin yüksek derişimli pestisit karışımı etkisinde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Alanin-aminotransferaz ve aspartat-aminotrasferaz düzeylerinin ise 28 0C’deki düşük derişimli pestisit karışımı hariç diğer uygulamalarda azaldığı bulunmuştur. İyon düzeylerinin ise 28 0C’de yüksek derişimli pestisit karışımı etkisinde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bulgularımız, yüksek sıcaklığın pendimethalin ve fluometuron'un karışım uygulamasının toksik etkisini arttırdığını göstermiştir. Bu nedenle hedef olmayan organizmaların küresel ısınmadan nasıl etkilendiğini anlayabilmek için çoklu stres faktörlerine akut maruziyetin etkilerinin ayrıntılı olarak incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temperature-Dependent Biochemical Alterations in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to Pendimethalin and Fluometuron

Abstract

Pesticides contamination and global warming are significant environmental challenges that threaten aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic organisms are often exposed to pesticide mixtures rather than individual compounds, leading to complex toxicological interactions that may enhance adverse effects. Additionally, temperature increase due to climate change can influence pesticide persistence and toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the combined biochemical effects of pendimethalin and fluometuron mixtures under different temperature conditions in the blood of Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to environmentally relevant low (0.1 ppb) and high concentrations (1 ppb) of herbicide mixtures for 96 hours at 220C and 280C. Results demonstrated significant interactions between pesticide concentration and temperature for all measured parameters. Cortisol level increased at 220C in both pesticide-exposed groups compared to control, while it decreased at 280C. Estradiol and testosterone levels were reduced 280C in both exposure concentrations. Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)) were reduced in the high concentration group at both temperatures. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities were decreased across both pesticide concentrations at both temperatures, except in the low concentration group at 280C. Ion levels were also reduced in the high pesticide concentration at 280C. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the most pronounced biochemical alterations were observed in the high concentration group at 280C, reflecting the synergistic effect of both stressors. These findings suggest that elevated temperature exacerbates the toxic effect of pesticide mixtures, emphasizing the need to examine interactive stressors to better predict the impacts of climate change on non-target organisms

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ecotoxicology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Derya Kocamaz ^*
0000-0002-0705-4672
Türkiye

Mine Beyazaslan
0009-0008-3899-0288
Türkiye

Aşkın Barış Kaya
0009-0001-9274-7237
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2025

Submission Date

January 31, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 46 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1630407

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA22XZ79UA

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kocamaz, D., Beyazaslan, M., & Kaya, A. B. (2025). Temperature-Dependent Biochemical Alterations in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to Pendimethalin and Fluometuron. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 46(2), 250-256. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1630407