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Green Synthesis of C-quantum Dots Modified ZnO Nanophotocatalyst: The Effect of Different Solvents Used in Production of C-quantum Dots Modified ZnO Nanophotocatalyst on Photocatalytic Performance

Year 2022, Volume: 43 Issue: 4, 606 - 612, 27.12.2022

Merve Vurucuel , Ali Duran , Abdullah İnci , Erkan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1138433

Abstract

Access the quality and sufficient amount of water is started to being problem with population increasing. One of the way to behalf the solution of this problem is usage waste water treatment in industry and agriculture. Wastewater treatment methods have disadvantages of being costly and producing secondary pollutants, photocatalysis, which is one of the advanced oxidation methods that is more advantageous and effective in removing pollutants, is promising. The newest member of nanomaterial, C-quantum dots (CQDs) has been increasingly get attention on lots of field including photocatalyst. Semiconductors are commonly used in photocatalysis however, they have electron pair recombination problem that results decreasing of efficiency. Doping semiconductors with different nanomaterials is one of the easiest ways to get over the problem. Recently CQDs has been started to used as dopping agent. Solvothermal method is among the easiest and environmentally friendly methods in nanomaterial synthesis. In this study, the effect of dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol and water as solvothermal solvent on the photocatalytic efficiency of C-modified ZnO nanoparticles (CQDs@ZnO NPs) was investigated for the first time in the literature. Photocatalytic performance of CQDs@ZnO NPs was investigated on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Angora mohair has been used as a CQDs source for the first time in the literature. Photocatalytic degradation performances of CQDs@ZnO NPs for MB at 300 min were 82.4%, 87.6% and 99% for ethylene glycol-water mixture, DMSO and DMF, respectively. The results proved that solvent type for solvothermal synthesis procedure has important role for photocatalytic performance of CQDs@ZnO NPs.

Keywords

Photocatalytic degradation solvothermal synthesis C-quantum dots Angora mohair ZnO NPs.

Supporting Institution

The Research Fund of the Erciyes University

Project Number

FYL-2021-11148

Thanks

This work was supported by the Research Fund of the Erciyes University (Project Number FYL-2021-11148). Authors acknowledges the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Çankırı Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry.

References

  • [1] UN World, UN World Water Development Report 2020 ‘Water and Climate Change’, Paris (2020).
  • [2] Wang C.-C., Li J.-R., Lv X.-L., Zhang Y.-Q., and Guo G.,Photocatalytic organic pollutants degradation in metal–organic frameworks, Energy Environ. Sci., 7(9) (2014) 2831–2867.
  • [3] Lopes J. L., Martins M. J., Nogueira H. I. S, Estrada A. C., and Trindade T., Carbon-based heterogeneous photocatalysts for water cleaning technologies: a review, Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19 (2021) 1–26.
  • [4] Ameta R., Solanki M. S., Benjamin S., and Ameta S. C., Photocatalysis, in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Water Treatment, Elsevier, (2018) 135–175.
  • [5] Nakata K. and Fujishima A., TiO2 photocatalysis: Design and applications, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 13(3) (2012) 169–189.
  • [6] Qi K., Cheng B., Yu J., and Ho W., Review on the improvement of the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of ZnO, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 727 (2017) 792–820.
  • [7] Daghrir R., Drogui P., and Robert D., Modified TiO2 For Environmental Photocatalytic Applications: A Review, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 52 (10) (2013)3581–3599.
  • [8] Bhati A., Anand S. R., Gunture, Garg A. K., Khare P., and Sonkar S. K., Sunlight-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutant Dye by Highly Fluorescent Red-Emitting Mg-N-Embedded Carbon Dots, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6 (7) (2018) 9246–9256.
  • [9] Omer K. M., Mohammad N. N., and Baban S. O., Up-Conversion Fluorescence of Phosphorous and Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots (CDs) Coupled with Weak LED Light Source for Full-Spectrum Driven Photocatalytic Degradation via ZnO-CDs Nanocomposites, Catalysis Letters, 148(9) (2018) 2746 –2755.
  • [10] De B., Carbon dots and their polymeric nanocomposites, Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites, Elsevier, (2019) 217–260.
  • [11] Liu J., Wang Y., Ma J., Peng Y., and Wang A., A review on bidirectional analogies between the photocatalysis and antibacterial properties of ZnO, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 783 (2019) 898–918.
  • [12] Wang Z., Zhang L., Zhang K., Lu Y., Chen J., Wang S., Hu B., Wang X., Application of carbon dots and their composite materials for the detection and removal of radioactive ions: A review, Chemosphere, 287 (3) (2022) 1-15.
  • [13] Kurian M. and Paul A., Recent trends in the use of green sources for carbon dot synthesis-A short review, Carbon Trends, 3 (2021) 100032.
  • [14] Mohammad-Jafarieh P., Akbarzadeh A., Salamat-Ahangari R., Pourhassan-Moghaddam M., and Jamshidi-Ghaleh K., Solvent effect on the absorption and emission spectra of carbon dots: evaluation of ground and excited state dipole moment, BMC Chemistry, 15 (2021) 53.
  • [15] Yu R., Liang S., Ru Y., Li L., Wang Z., Chen J., A Facile Preparation of Multicolor Carbon Dots, Nanoscale Reseach Letter, (2022) 1–9
  • [16] Li M., Yu C., Hu C., Yang W., Zhao C., Wang S., Zhang M., Zhao J., Wang X., Qui J., Solvothermal conversion of coal into nitrogen-doped carbon dots with singlet oxygen generation and high quantum yield, Chemical Engineering Journal, 320 (2017) 570–575.
  • [17] Xu H., Yang X., Li G., Zhao C., and Liao X., Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Selective Detection of Tartrazine in Food Samples, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(30) (2015) 6707-6714.
  • [18] Şahin G., Coğrafi bir simge olarak Ankara keçisinin Türkiye’deki mevcut durumu, Millî Folklor Dergisi, 25(97) (2013)195–209.
  • [19] Sakir M., Salem S., Sarduvac S.T., Sahmetlioglu E., Sarp G., Onses M.S., Yilmaz E., Photocatalytic green fabrication of Au nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods modified membrane as flexible and photocatalytic active reusable SERS substrates, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 585 (2020) 1-11.
  • [20] Song S., Wu K., Wu H., Guo J., and Zhang L., Multi-shelled ZnO decorated with nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots: synthesis and enhanced photodegradation activity of methylene blue in aqueous solutions, RSC Advances, 9 (13) (2019) 7362–7374.
  • [21] Vasanthkumar K., Porkodi K., Selvaganapathi A., Constrain in solving Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic expression for the photocatalytic degradation of Auramine O aqueous solutions by ZnO catalyst, Dyes and Pigments, 75(1) (2007) 246–249.

Year 2022, Volume: 43 Issue: 4, 606 - 612, 27.12.2022

Merve Vurucuel , Ali Duran , Abdullah İnci , Erkan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1138433

Abstract

Keywords

Photocatalytic degradation solvothermal synthesis C-quantum dots Angora mohair ZnO NPs.

Project Number

FYL-2021-11148

References

  • [1] UN World, UN World Water Development Report 2020 ‘Water and Climate Change’, Paris (2020).
  • [2] Wang C.-C., Li J.-R., Lv X.-L., Zhang Y.-Q., and Guo G.,Photocatalytic organic pollutants degradation in metal–organic frameworks, Energy Environ. Sci., 7(9) (2014) 2831–2867.
  • [3] Lopes J. L., Martins M. J., Nogueira H. I. S, Estrada A. C., and Trindade T., Carbon-based heterogeneous photocatalysts for water cleaning technologies: a review, Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19 (2021) 1–26.
  • [4] Ameta R., Solanki M. S., Benjamin S., and Ameta S. C., Photocatalysis, in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Water Treatment, Elsevier, (2018) 135–175.
  • [5] Nakata K. and Fujishima A., TiO2 photocatalysis: Design and applications, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 13(3) (2012) 169–189.
  • [6] Qi K., Cheng B., Yu J., and Ho W., Review on the improvement of the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of ZnO, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 727 (2017) 792–820.
  • [7] Daghrir R., Drogui P., and Robert D., Modified TiO2 For Environmental Photocatalytic Applications: A Review, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 52 (10) (2013)3581–3599.
  • [8] Bhati A., Anand S. R., Gunture, Garg A. K., Khare P., and Sonkar S. K., Sunlight-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutant Dye by Highly Fluorescent Red-Emitting Mg-N-Embedded Carbon Dots, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6 (7) (2018) 9246–9256.
  • [9] Omer K. M., Mohammad N. N., and Baban S. O., Up-Conversion Fluorescence of Phosphorous and Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots (CDs) Coupled with Weak LED Light Source for Full-Spectrum Driven Photocatalytic Degradation via ZnO-CDs Nanocomposites, Catalysis Letters, 148(9) (2018) 2746 –2755.
  • [10] De B., Carbon dots and their polymeric nanocomposites, Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites, Elsevier, (2019) 217–260.
  • [11] Liu J., Wang Y., Ma J., Peng Y., and Wang A., A review on bidirectional analogies between the photocatalysis and antibacterial properties of ZnO, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 783 (2019) 898–918.
  • [12] Wang Z., Zhang L., Zhang K., Lu Y., Chen J., Wang S., Hu B., Wang X., Application of carbon dots and their composite materials for the detection and removal of radioactive ions: A review, Chemosphere, 287 (3) (2022) 1-15.
  • [13] Kurian M. and Paul A., Recent trends in the use of green sources for carbon dot synthesis-A short review, Carbon Trends, 3 (2021) 100032.
  • [14] Mohammad-Jafarieh P., Akbarzadeh A., Salamat-Ahangari R., Pourhassan-Moghaddam M., and Jamshidi-Ghaleh K., Solvent effect on the absorption and emission spectra of carbon dots: evaluation of ground and excited state dipole moment, BMC Chemistry, 15 (2021) 53.
  • [15] Yu R., Liang S., Ru Y., Li L., Wang Z., Chen J., A Facile Preparation of Multicolor Carbon Dots, Nanoscale Reseach Letter, (2022) 1–9
  • [16] Li M., Yu C., Hu C., Yang W., Zhao C., Wang S., Zhang M., Zhao J., Wang X., Qui J., Solvothermal conversion of coal into nitrogen-doped carbon dots with singlet oxygen generation and high quantum yield, Chemical Engineering Journal, 320 (2017) 570–575.
  • [17] Xu H., Yang X., Li G., Zhao C., and Liao X., Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Selective Detection of Tartrazine in Food Samples, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(30) (2015) 6707-6714.
  • [18] Şahin G., Coğrafi bir simge olarak Ankara keçisinin Türkiye’deki mevcut durumu, Millî Folklor Dergisi, 25(97) (2013)195–209.
  • [19] Sakir M., Salem S., Sarduvac S.T., Sahmetlioglu E., Sarp G., Onses M.S., Yilmaz E., Photocatalytic green fabrication of Au nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods modified membrane as flexible and photocatalytic active reusable SERS substrates, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 585 (2020) 1-11.
  • [20] Song S., Wu K., Wu H., Guo J., and Zhang L., Multi-shelled ZnO decorated with nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots: synthesis and enhanced photodegradation activity of methylene blue in aqueous solutions, RSC Advances, 9 (13) (2019) 7362–7374.
  • [21] Vasanthkumar K., Porkodi K., Selvaganapathi A., Constrain in solving Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic expression for the photocatalytic degradation of Auramine O aqueous solutions by ZnO catalyst, Dyes and Pigments, 75(1) (2007) 246–249.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Sciences
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Merve Vurucuel 0000-0001-8054-1306

Ali Duran 0000-0002-6260-2424

Abdullah İnci 0000-0003-1614-0756

Erkan Yılmaz 0000-0001-8962-3199

Project Number FYL-2021-11148
Publication Date December 27, 2022
Submission Date June 30, 2022
Acceptance Date November 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 43 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Vurucuel, M., Duran, A., İnci, A., Yılmaz, E. (2022). Green Synthesis of C-quantum Dots Modified ZnO Nanophotocatalyst: The Effect of Different Solvents Used in Production of C-quantum Dots Modified ZnO Nanophotocatalyst on Photocatalytic Performance. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 43(4), 606-612. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1138433
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