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Effects of Electromagnetic Field Pollution on Human Health: Current Evidence

Year 2025, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 424 - 434, 30.09.2025

Özlem Çoşkun , Emine Canan Günay Demirel

Abstract

The rapid expansion of technologies emitting electromagnetic fields (EMFs), including mobile communication systems, wireless networks, household electronics, and industrial equipment, has markedly increased human exposure to artificial EMFs. This review aims to provide an updated synthesis of current scientific evidence regarding the potential health effects of electromagnetic field pollution. While the thermal effects of high-intensity EMFs are well established, growing attention has focused on non-thermal biological interactions within the extremely low frequency (ELF) and radiofrequency (RF) ranges. Reported effects include oxidative stress, alterations in cellular signaling pathways, gene expression changes, sleep disturbances, and possible links to cancer and reproductive dysfunction. However, study findings remain heterogeneous due to differences in exposure parameters, experimental designs, and study populations. This review critically examines epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro research to identify areas of consensus, knowledge gaps, and emerging mechanisms of action. Improving the understanding of EMF-related biological effects is crucial for informed risk assessment and the development of evidence-based public health guidelines. Given the ubiquity of EMF-emitting technologies, clarifying their long-term health implications is essential to ensure adequate protection of public health and to guide future research directions.

Keywords

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) thermal effects low frequency (ELF) oxidative stress radiofrequency (RF)

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There are 82 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other), Classical Physics (Other)
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Özlem Çoşkun 0009-0003-1544-1440

Emine Canan Günay Demirel 0000-0003-2968-9780

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date July 8, 2025
Acceptance Date September 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 46 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çoşkun, Ö., & Günay Demirel, E. C. (2025). Effects of Electromagnetic Field Pollution on Human Health: Current Evidence. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 46(3), 424-434. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1736980
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