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In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Phyllanthus Emblica Oral Spray

Year 2026, Volume: 47 Issue: 1, 139 - 145, 27.02.2026

Blessy Judesly S , Krithika C. L , Anuradha Ganesan , Yesoda Aniyan , Dhamodharan Umapathy

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1792086
https://izlik.org/JA42MT99TZ

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) is a medicinal plant valued in Ayurveda and other traditional systems for its broad therapeutic potential. Rich in vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols, the fruit is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytoprotective properties. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of an authenticated methanolic extract of  P. emblica  fruit using standardized in vitro protocols. Fresh P. emblica fruits were authenticated and extracted by cold maceration using ethanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard tests. The extract was formulated into a 1:10 oral spray using Carbopol 940 gel. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH  (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis  and  Escherichia coli  was evaluated using a resazurin microdilution assay. Cytoprotective potential was determined in THP-1 cell lines using the MTT assay and AO/EB dual staining. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids. The extract exhibited strong, concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with 88.78% scavenging at 1:10 dilution. It also showed significant antibacterial activity—up to 52.21% inhibition for  E. coli  at 1:1 dilution. The MTT assay confirmed high cell viability (83–97%) across all tested concentrations, indicating good cytocompatibility. Phyllanthus emblica  extract demonstrates potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities with excellent biocompatibility, supporting its traditional use and potential in natural oral and therapeutic formulations

Keywords

Antibacterial assay Antioxidant activity Cytoprotective effect MTT assay Oral spray formulation Phyllanthus emblica

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There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other), Metabolic Medicine
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Blessy Judesly S 0009-0009-1941-5736

Krithika C. L 0000-0001-6432-2904

Anuradha Ganesan 0000-0001-6214-9677

Yesoda Aniyan 0000-0001-9686-7896

Dhamodharan Umapathy 0000-0002-5281-1070

Submission Date September 27, 2025
Acceptance Date February 21, 2026
Publication Date February 27, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1792086
IZ https://izlik.org/JA42MT99TZ
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 47 Issue: 1

Cite

APA S, B. J., C. L, K., Ganesan, A., Aniyan, Y., & Umapathy, D. (2026). In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Phyllanthus Emblica Oral Spray. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 47(1), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1792086

As of 2026, Cumhuriyet Science Journal will be published in six issues per year, released in February, April, June, August, October, and December