Abstract
This study presents a novel, simple, and cost-effective electrochemical method for the sensitive determination of Vandetanib (VAN), a clinically important tyrosine kinase inhibitor, using an unmodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical behavior of VAN was investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) over a wide pH range, an adsorption-controlled irreversible oxidation process involving equal numbers of protons and electrons, indicating a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism. Optimization of experimental parameters, including pH, accumulation time, and accumulation potential, demonstrated that 0.5 M H2S04 (pH 0.3) and an accumulation time of 90 seconds provided optimal analytical performance. The DPV method exhibited excellent linearity between 2×10-8 M and 1.5×10-6 M VAN concentrations, with a low detection limit of 5.58×10-9 M. The proposed approach achieved high repeatability with relative standard deviations below 1.2%. Compared to previously reported methods involving complex electrode modifications, this work emphasizes the practicality of a bare GCE platform, eliminating the need for surface modification or surfactant addition. The method’s simplicity, sensitivity, and environmental friendliness make it a promising alternative for rapid VAN quantification.
Keywords
Anticancer drug Electrochemical sensor Glassy carbon electrode Pharmaceutical analysis Voltammetry
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sensor Technology |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | September 24, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | December 13, 2025 |
| Publication Date | February 27, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790629 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA72CF86NW |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 |
As of 2026, Cumhuriyet Science Journal will be published in six issues per year, released in February, April, June, August, October, and December