Misel İyileştirilmiş Katalitik Kinetik Spektrofotometri Aracılığıyla İçecek Örneklerinde Eser Düzeylerdeki Nitritin Belirlenmesi
Öz
Bu çalışmada nitrite tayini için basit ve hassas bir katalitik kinetik
spektrofotometre yöntemi anlatılmıştır. Yöntemin temeli, asitli ortamda (520
nm'de emiliminde azalma olur) karışık yüzeyaktif maddeler varlığında nitrit ile
klorpromazinin oksidasyonuna dayanır. Çeşitli kimyasal (asitlik etkisi, reaktif
konsantrasyonları gibi) ve enstrümantal parametreler (zaman, numune hacmi ve
sıcaklık) optimize edilmiştir. Çeşitli kimyasal türlerin girişim etkileri
incelendi. Optimum koşullarda, doğrusal kalibrasyon grafiği, 2.5-125 μg L-1
nitrit derişimi aralıklarında doğrusal idi. Nitrit için tespit limiti 0.71 μg L-1
'dir. Nitritin 25 ve 75 μg L-1 derişimleri için göreceli standart
sapma değerleri sırasıyla % 3.40 ve % 2.35 dir. Misel geliştirilmiş katalitik
kinetik spektrofotometri, iyi hassasiyet, tekrarlanabilirlik, kararlılık ve
nitrite seçicilik de dahil olmak üzere iyi analitik performans göstermiştir.
Yöntemin, içecek örneklerine uygulanması sonucu % 97.3-103.8 aralığında
tatmin edici geri kazanım değerleri elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, önerilen
yöntemin gıda güvenliği için umut verici bir uygulama olduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Klorpromazin Nitrit Katalitik Kinetik Yüzey Aktif Maddeler Spektrofotometri İçecek Örnekleri
Kaynakça
- [1]. Z.T. Jiang, Y.X. Guo, and R. Li, ‘‘Spectrophotometric determination of trace nitrite with brilliant cresyl blue using β-cyclodextrin as a sensitizer,’’ Food Analytical Methods, 3(1), 47-53 (2010).
- [2]. P.K. Rastogi, V. Ganesan, and S. Krishnamoorthi, ‘‘A promising electrochemical sensing platform based on a silver nanoparticles decorated copolymer for sensitive nitrite determination,’’ Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(4), 933-943 (2014).
- [3]. P. Erkekoglu, H. Sipahi, T. Baydar, Evaluation of nitrite in ready-made soups,’’ Food Anal Methods 2:61–65 (2009).
- [4]. N. Altunay, R. Gürkan, and E. Olgaç, ‘‘Development of a New Methodology for Indirect Determination of Nitrite, Nitrate, and Total Nitrite in the Selected Two Groups of Foods by Spectrophotometry,’’ Food Analytical Methods, 1-13 (2017).
- [5]. Q. Wang, S. Ma, H. Huang, A. Cao, M. Li, and L. He, ‘‘Highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric determination of nitrite in food products with a novel fluorogenic probe,’’ Food Control, 63, 117-121 (2016).
- [6]. G. Somer, Ş. Kalaycı, and Z. Almas, ‘‘A new, fast and sensitive method for the determination of trace amounts of nitrite using differential pulse polarography,’’ Nitric Oxide, 57, 79-84 (2016).
- [7]. P. Mikuška, and Z. Večeřa, ‘‘Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in water by chemiluminescent flow-injection analysis,’’ Analytica chimica acta, 495(1), 225-232 (2003).
- [8]. H. Kodamatani, S. Yamazaki, K. Saito, T. Tomiyasu, and Y. Komatsu, ‘‘Selective determination method for measurement of nitrite and nitrate in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column photochemical reaction and chemiluminescence detection,’’ Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(15), 3163-3167 (2009).
- [9]. Z. Binghui, Z. Zhixiong, and Y. Jing, ‘‘Ion chromatographic determination of trace iodate, chlorite, chlorate, bromide, bromate and nitrite in drinking water using suppressed conductivity detection and visible detection,’’ Journal of Chromatography A, 1118(1), 106-110 (2006).
- [10]. P. Kubáň, H.T.A. Nguyen, M. Macka, P.R. Haddad, and P.C. Hauser, ‘‘New fully portable instrument for the versatile determination of cations and anions by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection,’’ Electroanalysis, 19(19‐20), 2059-2065 (2007).
- [11]. M. Eguilaz, L. Agüí, P. Yanez-Sedeno, and J.M. Pingarron, ‘‘A biosensor based on cytochrome c immobilization on a poly-3-methylthiophene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid-modified electrode. Application to the electrochemical determination of nitrite,’’ Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 644(1), 30-35 (2010).
- [12]. AOAC AOAC Method 36121. In: Cunniff P (ed) Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn. AOAC, Gaithersburg, pp 8–9, (1995)
- [13]. Aydin, Ö. Ercan, and S. Tascioğlu, ‘‘A novel method for the spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in water,’’ Talanta, 66, 181–1186 (2005).
- [14]. R. Gürkan, T. Çepken, and H.I. Ulusoy, ‘‘Surfactant-sensitized spectrophotometric determination of Hg (II) in water samples using 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol as ligand and cetylpyridinium chloride as cationic surfactant,’’ Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 36(1), 159-177 (2012).
- [15]. R. Gürkan, and O. Gürkan, ‘‘Catalytic-kinetic spectrophotometric determination of vanadium (V) based on the Celestine blue-bromate-vanadium (V)-citric acid reaction,’’ Rare Metals, 30(4), 348-358 (2011).
- [16]. M.L. Lunar, S. Rubio, D. Pérez-Bendito, M.L. Carreto, and C.W. McLeod, ‘‘Hexadecylpyridinium chloride micelles for the simultaneous kinetic determination of cysteine and cystine by their induction of the iodine-azide reaction,’’ Analytica chimica acta, 337(3), 341-349 (1997).
- [17]. J.S. Esteve-Romero, E.F. Simó-Alfonso, M.C. Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, and G. Ramis-Ramos, ‘‘Micellar enhanced spectrophotometric determination of organic species,’’ TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 14(1), 29-37 (1995).
- [18]. E.K. Paleologos, D.L. Giokas, and M.I. Karayannis, ‘‘Micelle-mediated separation and cloud-point extraction,’’ TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 24(5), 426-436 (2005).
- [19]. Kazemzadeh, and A.A. Ensafi, ‘‘Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in various samples using flow-injection spectrophotometric detection,’’ Microchem J, 69, 159–166 (2001)
- [20]. S. Prasad, and T. Halafihi, ‘‘Standardization of kinetic determination of nitrite based on its catalytic effect on an indicator reaction,’’ Asian J Chem, 14, 1683–1692 (2002).
- [21]. X.F. Yue, Z.Q. Zhang, and H.T. Yan, ‘‘Flow injection catalytic spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate,’’ Talanta, 62, 97–101 (2004)
- [22]. S.L. Shen, X.N. Chen, and Y.S. Jin, ‘‘Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace nitrite with methylene blue-hydrogen peroxide system,’’ Chin J Anal Chem, 30, 1405-1414 (2002).
- [23]. L.S. Bai, and Z.H. Chi, ‘‘Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of nitrite by the catalytic oxidation of bromocresol purple with potassium bromate,’’ Chin J Anal Chem, 29, 926–929 (2001).
- [24]. A.A. Ensafi, B. Rezaei, and S. Nouroozi, ‘‘Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nitrite and nitrate by flow injection analysis,’’ Anal Sci, 20, 1749–1753 (2004).
- [25]. H.R. Pouretedal, and B. Nazari, ‘‘Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of nitrite by catalytic reaction between methylthymol blue and bromate,’’ J Chin Chem Soc, 51, 1353–1356 (2004)
- [26]. M. Barzegar, M.F. Mousavi, and A. Nemati, ‘‘Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of nitrite by its reaction with molybdosilicic acid blue,’’ Microchemical Journal, 65, 159–163 (2000).
- [27]. Y. Dong, and C.L. Lu, Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite ion with acridine red based on the nitrosation reaction,’’ Spectrosc Spectr Anal, 21, 710–712 (2001).
- [28]. S. Sobhanardakani, A. Farmany, S. Abbasi, J. Cheraghi, and R. Hushmandfar, ‘‘A new catalytic-spectrophotometric method for quantification of trace amounts of nitrite in fruit juice samples,’’ Environmental monitoring and assessment, 185(3), 2595-2601 (2013).
- [29]. T. Tomiyasu, Y. Konagayoshi, K. Anazawa, and H. Sakamoto, ‘‘A kinetic method for the determination of nitrite by its catalytic effect on the oxidation of chlorpromazine with nitric acid,’’ Analytical sciences, 17, 1437-1440 (2001).
- [30]. B. Liang, M. Iwatsuki, and T. Fukasawa, ‘‘Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of nitrite using the chlorpromazine–hydrogen peroxide redox reaction in acetic acid medium,’’ Analyst, 119, 2113-2117 (1994).
- [31]. E.H. Cordes, ‘‘Reaction Kinetics in Micelles,’’ Plenum Press, New York., (1973).
- [32]. J.H. Fendler, and E.J. Fendler, ‘‘Catalysis in Micellar and Micromolecular Systems Plenum Press,’’ New York, (1975).
- [33]. M.L. Lunar, S. Rubio, and D. Perez-Bendito, ‘‘Combination of micellar and chemical catalysis as a means of enhancing the sensitivity of catalytic kinetic determinations,’’ Analytica Chimica Acta, 237, 207-214 (1990).
Determination of Trace Levels of Nitrite in Beverages Samples Through Micellar Improved Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometry
Öz
In this study, a simple and sensitive catalytic kinetic
spectrophotometry method for determination of nitrite has been described. The
method is based on the oxidation of chlorpromazine by nitrite in presence of
mixed surfactants in acidic medium, which results in the decrease in absorbance
at 520 nm. Various chemical (such as the effect of acidity, reagents
concentrations) and instrumental parameters (time, sample volume and
temperature) were optimized. The interfering effects of various chemical
species were studied. At the optimum conditions, linear calibration graph was
linear in the nitrite concentration ranges of 2.5-125 µg L–1. The detection limit is 0.71 µg L–1
for nitrite. The relative standard deviation for determination of 25 and 75 µg
L–1 were 3.40 and 2.35%, for ten replicate measurements,
respectively. The micellar improved catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry showed good analytical performance
including good sensitivity, reproducibility, stability and selectivity to
nitrite. The method has been applied to determine nitrite in beverages samples
with a satisfactory recovery in the range of 97.3–103.8%, showing its promising
application for food safety monitoring.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Chlorpromazine Nitrite Catalytic Kinetic Surfactants Spectrophotometry Beverage Samples
Kaynakça
- [1]. Z.T. Jiang, Y.X. Guo, and R. Li, ‘‘Spectrophotometric determination of trace nitrite with brilliant cresyl blue using β-cyclodextrin as a sensitizer,’’ Food Analytical Methods, 3(1), 47-53 (2010).
- [2]. P.K. Rastogi, V. Ganesan, and S. Krishnamoorthi, ‘‘A promising electrochemical sensing platform based on a silver nanoparticles decorated copolymer for sensitive nitrite determination,’’ Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(4), 933-943 (2014).
- [3]. P. Erkekoglu, H. Sipahi, T. Baydar, Evaluation of nitrite in ready-made soups,’’ Food Anal Methods 2:61–65 (2009).
- [4]. N. Altunay, R. Gürkan, and E. Olgaç, ‘‘Development of a New Methodology for Indirect Determination of Nitrite, Nitrate, and Total Nitrite in the Selected Two Groups of Foods by Spectrophotometry,’’ Food Analytical Methods, 1-13 (2017).
- [5]. Q. Wang, S. Ma, H. Huang, A. Cao, M. Li, and L. He, ‘‘Highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric determination of nitrite in food products with a novel fluorogenic probe,’’ Food Control, 63, 117-121 (2016).
- [6]. G. Somer, Ş. Kalaycı, and Z. Almas, ‘‘A new, fast and sensitive method for the determination of trace amounts of nitrite using differential pulse polarography,’’ Nitric Oxide, 57, 79-84 (2016).
- [7]. P. Mikuška, and Z. Večeřa, ‘‘Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in water by chemiluminescent flow-injection analysis,’’ Analytica chimica acta, 495(1), 225-232 (2003).
- [8]. H. Kodamatani, S. Yamazaki, K. Saito, T. Tomiyasu, and Y. Komatsu, ‘‘Selective determination method for measurement of nitrite and nitrate in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column photochemical reaction and chemiluminescence detection,’’ Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(15), 3163-3167 (2009).
- [9]. Z. Binghui, Z. Zhixiong, and Y. Jing, ‘‘Ion chromatographic determination of trace iodate, chlorite, chlorate, bromide, bromate and nitrite in drinking water using suppressed conductivity detection and visible detection,’’ Journal of Chromatography A, 1118(1), 106-110 (2006).
- [10]. P. Kubáň, H.T.A. Nguyen, M. Macka, P.R. Haddad, and P.C. Hauser, ‘‘New fully portable instrument for the versatile determination of cations and anions by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection,’’ Electroanalysis, 19(19‐20), 2059-2065 (2007).
- [11]. M. Eguilaz, L. Agüí, P. Yanez-Sedeno, and J.M. Pingarron, ‘‘A biosensor based on cytochrome c immobilization on a poly-3-methylthiophene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid-modified electrode. Application to the electrochemical determination of nitrite,’’ Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 644(1), 30-35 (2010).
- [12]. AOAC AOAC Method 36121. In: Cunniff P (ed) Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn. AOAC, Gaithersburg, pp 8–9, (1995)
- [13]. Aydin, Ö. Ercan, and S. Tascioğlu, ‘‘A novel method for the spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in water,’’ Talanta, 66, 181–1186 (2005).
- [14]. R. Gürkan, T. Çepken, and H.I. Ulusoy, ‘‘Surfactant-sensitized spectrophotometric determination of Hg (II) in water samples using 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol as ligand and cetylpyridinium chloride as cationic surfactant,’’ Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 36(1), 159-177 (2012).
- [15]. R. Gürkan, and O. Gürkan, ‘‘Catalytic-kinetic spectrophotometric determination of vanadium (V) based on the Celestine blue-bromate-vanadium (V)-citric acid reaction,’’ Rare Metals, 30(4), 348-358 (2011).
- [16]. M.L. Lunar, S. Rubio, D. Pérez-Bendito, M.L. Carreto, and C.W. McLeod, ‘‘Hexadecylpyridinium chloride micelles for the simultaneous kinetic determination of cysteine and cystine by their induction of the iodine-azide reaction,’’ Analytica chimica acta, 337(3), 341-349 (1997).
- [17]. J.S. Esteve-Romero, E.F. Simó-Alfonso, M.C. Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, and G. Ramis-Ramos, ‘‘Micellar enhanced spectrophotometric determination of organic species,’’ TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 14(1), 29-37 (1995).
- [18]. E.K. Paleologos, D.L. Giokas, and M.I. Karayannis, ‘‘Micelle-mediated separation and cloud-point extraction,’’ TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 24(5), 426-436 (2005).
- [19]. Kazemzadeh, and A.A. Ensafi, ‘‘Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in various samples using flow-injection spectrophotometric detection,’’ Microchem J, 69, 159–166 (2001)
- [20]. S. Prasad, and T. Halafihi, ‘‘Standardization of kinetic determination of nitrite based on its catalytic effect on an indicator reaction,’’ Asian J Chem, 14, 1683–1692 (2002).
- [21]. X.F. Yue, Z.Q. Zhang, and H.T. Yan, ‘‘Flow injection catalytic spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate,’’ Talanta, 62, 97–101 (2004)
- [22]. S.L. Shen, X.N. Chen, and Y.S. Jin, ‘‘Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace nitrite with methylene blue-hydrogen peroxide system,’’ Chin J Anal Chem, 30, 1405-1414 (2002).
- [23]. L.S. Bai, and Z.H. Chi, ‘‘Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of nitrite by the catalytic oxidation of bromocresol purple with potassium bromate,’’ Chin J Anal Chem, 29, 926–929 (2001).
- [24]. A.A. Ensafi, B. Rezaei, and S. Nouroozi, ‘‘Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nitrite and nitrate by flow injection analysis,’’ Anal Sci, 20, 1749–1753 (2004).
- [25]. H.R. Pouretedal, and B. Nazari, ‘‘Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of nitrite by catalytic reaction between methylthymol blue and bromate,’’ J Chin Chem Soc, 51, 1353–1356 (2004)
- [26]. M. Barzegar, M.F. Mousavi, and A. Nemati, ‘‘Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of nitrite by its reaction with molybdosilicic acid blue,’’ Microchemical Journal, 65, 159–163 (2000).
- [27]. Y. Dong, and C.L. Lu, Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite ion with acridine red based on the nitrosation reaction,’’ Spectrosc Spectr Anal, 21, 710–712 (2001).
- [28]. S. Sobhanardakani, A. Farmany, S. Abbasi, J. Cheraghi, and R. Hushmandfar, ‘‘A new catalytic-spectrophotometric method for quantification of trace amounts of nitrite in fruit juice samples,’’ Environmental monitoring and assessment, 185(3), 2595-2601 (2013).
- [29]. T. Tomiyasu, Y. Konagayoshi, K. Anazawa, and H. Sakamoto, ‘‘A kinetic method for the determination of nitrite by its catalytic effect on the oxidation of chlorpromazine with nitric acid,’’ Analytical sciences, 17, 1437-1440 (2001).
- [30]. B. Liang, M. Iwatsuki, and T. Fukasawa, ‘‘Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of nitrite using the chlorpromazine–hydrogen peroxide redox reaction in acetic acid medium,’’ Analyst, 119, 2113-2117 (1994).
- [31]. E.H. Cordes, ‘‘Reaction Kinetics in Micelles,’’ Plenum Press, New York., (1973).
- [32]. J.H. Fendler, and E.J. Fendler, ‘‘Catalysis in Micellar and Micromolecular Systems Plenum Press,’’ New York, (1975).
- [33]. M.L. Lunar, S. Rubio, and D. Perez-Bendito, ‘‘Combination of micellar and chemical catalysis as a means of enhancing the sensitivity of catalytic kinetic determinations,’’ Analytica Chimica Acta, 237, 207-214 (1990).
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 15 Mayıs 2017 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 5 Haziran 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3 |
