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Characterization of Local Okra Seed (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Extract and Evaluation of Bioactivity

Year 2024, Volume: 45 Issue: 4, 707 - 712, 30.12.2024

Bilgenur Çelebi , Sevil Ozer , Sezen Canım Ateş

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1519528

Abstract

A. esculentus (okra) plant is an economically important medicinal plant grown in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The fruit and seeds of the A. esculentus (okra) plant; which are rich in oil and protein. The in vitro cytotoxic, bactericidal, and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from different parts of okra (leaves, fruits, and seeds) were studied widely in the medical industry. This study evaluated the biocompatible and antioxidant potential of an optimized ethanolic extract of A. esculentus seeds. Commercially obtained A. esculentus seeds were first extracted and characterized by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrophotometry. In vitro, antioxidant activity of okra seed extracts was evaluated using 1,1 -diphenyl -2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with different concentrations (0.5-5 mg/mL). Results show that the antioxidant activity increased in direct proportion to the increase in the concentration of the extract. In vitro, the cytotoxic effect of the extracts on C6 Glioma cancer cell line and L929 mouse fibroblast cell line was studied using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with the concentrations between 50-1000 µg/mL. MTT results showed effective cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines with increasing extract concentration (IC50 value for C6 was 273.4 µg/ml, while the IC50 value for L929 was 431.45 µg/ml). The study indicates that the extract isolated from A. esculentus seeds shows that all concentrations have a substantial amount of anticancer and antioxidant activity. In conclusion, A. esculentus seeds could be considered innovative products and be proposed for alternative end-uses in pharmaceutical industries with antimicrobial and bioactive properties.

Keywords

Abelmoschus esculentus Cancer C6 Glioma L929 Cytotoxicity Antioxidants

References

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  • [2] Petropoulos S., Fernandes A., Barros, L., Ciric A., Sokovic M., Ferreira I.C.F.R., The chemical composition, nutritional value and antimicrobial properties of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds, Food Funct. J., 8 (2017) 4733-4743.
  • [3] Yasir H., A Review on The Potential Effects of Plant Metabolites, International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 13(1) (2023) 43-59.
  • [4] Karagecili H., İzol E., Kirecci E., Gulcin İ., Determination of Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer, Antidiabetic, Antiglaucoma and Antimicrobial Effects of Zivzik Pomegranate (Punica granatum)—A Chemical Profiling by LC-MS/MS, Life, 13(3) (2023) 735.
  • [5] Durazzo A., Lucarini M., Novellino E., Souto E. B., Daliu P., Santini A., Bioactive components beneficial properties focused on antidiabetic role for sustainable health applications, Molecules, 24(1) (2019) 24-38.
  • [6] Islam M.T., Phytochemical information, and pharmacological activities of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): a literature based review, Phytother Res., 33(1) (2019) 72-80.
  • [7] Xia F., Zhong Y., Li M., Chang Q., Liao Y., Liu X., Pan R., Antioxidant and anti-fatigue constituents of okra, Nutrients, 7(10) (2015) 8846–8858.
  • [8] Gemede H.F., Haki G.D., Beyene F., Woldegiorgis A.Z., Rakshit S.K., Proximate, mineral, and antinutrient compositions of indigenous okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pod accessions: implications for mineral bioavailability, Food Sci. Nutr., 4(2) (2016) 223–233.
  • [9] Ngoc T.H., Ngoc Q.N., Van A.T.T., Phung N.V., Hypolipidemic effect of extracts from Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Malvaceae) on tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia in mice, Journal of Pharm. Sci., 35 (2008) 42–46.
  • [10] Sabitha V., Ramachandran S., Naveen K.R., Panneerselvam K., Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci., 3(3) (2011) 397–402.
  • [11] Valentová K., Vrba J., Bancířová M., Ulrichová J., Křen V., Isoquercitrin: pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 68 (2014) 267–282.
  • [12] Chen F., Chen X., Yang D., Isoquercitrin inhibits bladder cancer progression in vivo and in vitro by regulating the PI3K/Akt and PKC signaling pathways, Oncology Reports, 36(1) (2016) 165–172.
  • [13] Chen Q., Li P., Li P., Xu Y., Li Y., Tang B., Isoquercitrin inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro by regulating opioid receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Oncology Reports, 33(2) (2015) 840–848.
  • [14] Amado N. G., Predes D., Fonseca B. F., Isoquercitrin suppresses colon cancer cell growth in Vitro by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(51) (2014) 35456–35467.
  • [15] Monte L.G., Santi-Gadelha T., Reis L.B., Braganhol E., Prietsch R.F., Dellagostin O.A, E., Lacerda R.R., Gadelha C.A., Conceição F.R., Pinto L.S., Lectin of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) promotes selective antitumor effects in human breast cancer cells, Biotechnol. Lett., 36(3) (2014) 461-9.
  • [16] Chaemsawang W., Prasongchean W., Papadopoulos K., Ritthidej G., Sukrong S., Wattanaarsakit P., The Effect Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) Seed Extract On Human Cancer Cell Lines Delivered In Its Native Form And Loaded In Polymeric Micelles, Int. J. Biomater., (2019) 9404383.
  • [17] Hayaza S., Anticancer activity of okra raw polysaccharides extracts against human liver cancer cells, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 18(8) (2019) 1667-1672.
  • [18] Paulmurugan, R., and Massoud, T. F., Glioblastoma resistance to chemotherapy: molecular mechanisms and innovative reversal strategies, Academic Press, 1st Edition Volume 15 (2021) 828
  • [19] Wu, W., Klockow, J. L., Zhang, M., Lafortune, F., Chang, E., Jin, L., Daldrup-Link, H. E., Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance, Phar. Research, 171 (2021) 105780.
  • [20] Kumar, A., Kumar, P. and Nadendla, R., A review on: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Int. Research J. of Phar. and Applied Sci., 3(4) (2013) 129-132.
  • [21] Abamor E.S., A New approach to the treatment of leishmaniasis: quercetin-loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 5(3) (2018) 1071-1082.
  • [22] Shi J., Nawaz H., Pohorly J., Mittal G., Kakuda Y. and Jiang Y., Extraction of polyphenolics from plant material for functional foods-engineering and technology, Food Rev. Int., 21(1) (2005) 139-166.
  • [23] Mansuroğlu B, Derman S, Kızılbey K, Ateş S.C, and Akdeste Z.M., Synthetic peptide vaccine for Foot-and-Mouth Disease: synthesis, characterization and immunogenicity, Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 45(6) (2020) 859-868.
  • [24] Patle T. K., Shrivas K., Kurrey R., Upadhyay S., Jangde R. and Chauhan R., Phytochemical screening and determination of phenolics and flavonoids in Dillenia pentagyna using UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Mol. and Bio. Spect., 242 (2020) 118717.
  • [25] Astutiningsih C., Kristanti J., Ariani W.L., Quercetin Compound of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as Potential of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial, Journal Biodjati., 8(2) (2023) 295–305.
  • [26] Doreddula S.K., Bonam S.R., Gaddam D.P., Rao Desu B.S., Ramarao N., Pandy V., Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antistress, and nootropic activities of aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of ladies finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in mice, Sci. World Journal, (2014) 519848.
  • [27] Archana G., Sabina K., Babuskin S., Radhakrishnan K., Fayidh M.A., Babu P.A.S., Sivarajan M., Sukumar M., Preparation and characterization of mucilage polysaccharide for biomedical applications, Carbohydr. Polym., 98(1) (2013) 89-94.
  • [28] Dimopoulou M., Ritzoulis C., Panayiotou C., Surface characterization of okra hydrocolloid extract by inverse gas chromatography (IGC), Colloid. Surface. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 475 (2015) 37-43.
  • [29] Cotrim M.A.P, Mottin A.C., Ayres E., Preparation and Characterization of Okra Mucilage (Abelmoschus esculentus) Edible Films, Macromol. Symp., 367 (2016) 90–100
  • [30] Zhang, W., Xiang, Q., Zhao, J., Mao, G., Feng, W., Chen, Y., Zhao, T. Purification, structural elucidation and physicochemical properties of a polysaccharide from Abelmoschus esculentus L (okra) flowers. International journal of biological macromolecules, 155 (2020) 740-750.
  • [31] Alpaslan, D., Turan, A., Erşen Dudu, T., & Aktas, N. Evaluation of particle biosynthesis, p (Okra) particle bioactivity, and drug release properties using Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) plant extract. Polymer Bulletin, 81(5) (2024) 4557-4572.
  • [32] Woumbo C.Y., Kuate D., Tamo D.G.M. and Womeni H.M., Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of a polyphenol rich extract obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) seeds using optimized conditions in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), Front. Nutr.,28 (9) (2022) 1030385.
  • [33] Mensor L., Menezez F., Leitao G., Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method, Phytotherapy Res., 15(2) (2001) 127–130.
  • [34] Graham J., Agbenorhevi J. and Kpodo F., Total Phenol content and antioxidant activity of Okra seeds from different genotypes, J. Food Nutr., 5(3) (2017) 90–94.
  • [35] Augustyniak A., Bartosz G., Cipak A., Duburs G., Horáková L., Luczaj W., Majekova M., Odysseos A.D., Rackova L., Skrzydlewska E., Stefek M., Strosová M., Tirzitis G., Venskutonis P.R., Viskupicova J., Vraka P.S., Zarković N., Natural and synthetic antioxidants: an updated overview, Free Radic. Res., 44(10) (2010) 1216-1262.
  • [36] Manee S. and Kaewsrichan J., Cosmeceutical benefit of Abelmoschus esculentus L. seed extract, J. of Pharm. Res. International, 19(6) (2017) 1-11.
  • [37] Ranjbar M., Dastani M., Khakdan F., Evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and catalytic activities of CuO-NPs synthesized by tanacetum parthenium extract, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square (2021)
  • [38] Tedasen A., Sukrong S., Sritularak B., Srisawat T., and Graidist P., Trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone and lupalbigenin, active components of Derris scandens, induce cell death on breast cancer cell lines, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 81 (2016). 235–241.
  • [39] Palko-Łabuz A., Środa-Pomianek K., Wesołowska O., Kostrzewa-Susłow E., Uryga A., and Michalak K., MDR reversal and pro-apoptotic effects of statins and statins combined with flavonoids in colon cancer cells, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 109 (2019) 1511–1522.

Year 2024, Volume: 45 Issue: 4, 707 - 712, 30.12.2024

Bilgenur Çelebi , Sevil Ozer , Sezen Canım Ateş

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1519528

Abstract

References

  • [1] Roy A., Shrivastava S.L., Mandal S.M., Functional properties of Okra Abelmoschus esculents L. (Moench): traditional claims and scientific evidences, Plant Sci. Today, Journal, 1(3) (2014) 121-130.
  • [2] Petropoulos S., Fernandes A., Barros, L., Ciric A., Sokovic M., Ferreira I.C.F.R., The chemical composition, nutritional value and antimicrobial properties of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds, Food Funct. J., 8 (2017) 4733-4743.
  • [3] Yasir H., A Review on The Potential Effects of Plant Metabolites, International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 13(1) (2023) 43-59.
  • [4] Karagecili H., İzol E., Kirecci E., Gulcin İ., Determination of Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer, Antidiabetic, Antiglaucoma and Antimicrobial Effects of Zivzik Pomegranate (Punica granatum)—A Chemical Profiling by LC-MS/MS, Life, 13(3) (2023) 735.
  • [5] Durazzo A., Lucarini M., Novellino E., Souto E. B., Daliu P., Santini A., Bioactive components beneficial properties focused on antidiabetic role for sustainable health applications, Molecules, 24(1) (2019) 24-38.
  • [6] Islam M.T., Phytochemical information, and pharmacological activities of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): a literature based review, Phytother Res., 33(1) (2019) 72-80.
  • [7] Xia F., Zhong Y., Li M., Chang Q., Liao Y., Liu X., Pan R., Antioxidant and anti-fatigue constituents of okra, Nutrients, 7(10) (2015) 8846–8858.
  • [8] Gemede H.F., Haki G.D., Beyene F., Woldegiorgis A.Z., Rakshit S.K., Proximate, mineral, and antinutrient compositions of indigenous okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pod accessions: implications for mineral bioavailability, Food Sci. Nutr., 4(2) (2016) 223–233.
  • [9] Ngoc T.H., Ngoc Q.N., Van A.T.T., Phung N.V., Hypolipidemic effect of extracts from Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Malvaceae) on tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia in mice, Journal of Pharm. Sci., 35 (2008) 42–46.
  • [10] Sabitha V., Ramachandran S., Naveen K.R., Panneerselvam K., Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci., 3(3) (2011) 397–402.
  • [11] Valentová K., Vrba J., Bancířová M., Ulrichová J., Křen V., Isoquercitrin: pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 68 (2014) 267–282.
  • [12] Chen F., Chen X., Yang D., Isoquercitrin inhibits bladder cancer progression in vivo and in vitro by regulating the PI3K/Akt and PKC signaling pathways, Oncology Reports, 36(1) (2016) 165–172.
  • [13] Chen Q., Li P., Li P., Xu Y., Li Y., Tang B., Isoquercitrin inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro by regulating opioid receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Oncology Reports, 33(2) (2015) 840–848.
  • [14] Amado N. G., Predes D., Fonseca B. F., Isoquercitrin suppresses colon cancer cell growth in Vitro by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(51) (2014) 35456–35467.
  • [15] Monte L.G., Santi-Gadelha T., Reis L.B., Braganhol E., Prietsch R.F., Dellagostin O.A, E., Lacerda R.R., Gadelha C.A., Conceição F.R., Pinto L.S., Lectin of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) promotes selective antitumor effects in human breast cancer cells, Biotechnol. Lett., 36(3) (2014) 461-9.
  • [16] Chaemsawang W., Prasongchean W., Papadopoulos K., Ritthidej G., Sukrong S., Wattanaarsakit P., The Effect Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) Seed Extract On Human Cancer Cell Lines Delivered In Its Native Form And Loaded In Polymeric Micelles, Int. J. Biomater., (2019) 9404383.
  • [17] Hayaza S., Anticancer activity of okra raw polysaccharides extracts against human liver cancer cells, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 18(8) (2019) 1667-1672.
  • [18] Paulmurugan, R., and Massoud, T. F., Glioblastoma resistance to chemotherapy: molecular mechanisms and innovative reversal strategies, Academic Press, 1st Edition Volume 15 (2021) 828
  • [19] Wu, W., Klockow, J. L., Zhang, M., Lafortune, F., Chang, E., Jin, L., Daldrup-Link, H. E., Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance, Phar. Research, 171 (2021) 105780.
  • [20] Kumar, A., Kumar, P. and Nadendla, R., A review on: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Int. Research J. of Phar. and Applied Sci., 3(4) (2013) 129-132.
  • [21] Abamor E.S., A New approach to the treatment of leishmaniasis: quercetin-loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 5(3) (2018) 1071-1082.
  • [22] Shi J., Nawaz H., Pohorly J., Mittal G., Kakuda Y. and Jiang Y., Extraction of polyphenolics from plant material for functional foods-engineering and technology, Food Rev. Int., 21(1) (2005) 139-166.
  • [23] Mansuroğlu B, Derman S, Kızılbey K, Ateş S.C, and Akdeste Z.M., Synthetic peptide vaccine for Foot-and-Mouth Disease: synthesis, characterization and immunogenicity, Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 45(6) (2020) 859-868.
  • [24] Patle T. K., Shrivas K., Kurrey R., Upadhyay S., Jangde R. and Chauhan R., Phytochemical screening and determination of phenolics and flavonoids in Dillenia pentagyna using UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Mol. and Bio. Spect., 242 (2020) 118717.
  • [25] Astutiningsih C., Kristanti J., Ariani W.L., Quercetin Compound of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as Potential of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial, Journal Biodjati., 8(2) (2023) 295–305.
  • [26] Doreddula S.K., Bonam S.R., Gaddam D.P., Rao Desu B.S., Ramarao N., Pandy V., Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antistress, and nootropic activities of aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of ladies finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in mice, Sci. World Journal, (2014) 519848.
  • [27] Archana G., Sabina K., Babuskin S., Radhakrishnan K., Fayidh M.A., Babu P.A.S., Sivarajan M., Sukumar M., Preparation and characterization of mucilage polysaccharide for biomedical applications, Carbohydr. Polym., 98(1) (2013) 89-94.
  • [28] Dimopoulou M., Ritzoulis C., Panayiotou C., Surface characterization of okra hydrocolloid extract by inverse gas chromatography (IGC), Colloid. Surface. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 475 (2015) 37-43.
  • [29] Cotrim M.A.P, Mottin A.C., Ayres E., Preparation and Characterization of Okra Mucilage (Abelmoschus esculentus) Edible Films, Macromol. Symp., 367 (2016) 90–100
  • [30] Zhang, W., Xiang, Q., Zhao, J., Mao, G., Feng, W., Chen, Y., Zhao, T. Purification, structural elucidation and physicochemical properties of a polysaccharide from Abelmoschus esculentus L (okra) flowers. International journal of biological macromolecules, 155 (2020) 740-750.
  • [31] Alpaslan, D., Turan, A., Erşen Dudu, T., & Aktas, N. Evaluation of particle biosynthesis, p (Okra) particle bioactivity, and drug release properties using Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) plant extract. Polymer Bulletin, 81(5) (2024) 4557-4572.
  • [32] Woumbo C.Y., Kuate D., Tamo D.G.M. and Womeni H.M., Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of a polyphenol rich extract obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) seeds using optimized conditions in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), Front. Nutr.,28 (9) (2022) 1030385.
  • [33] Mensor L., Menezez F., Leitao G., Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method, Phytotherapy Res., 15(2) (2001) 127–130.
  • [34] Graham J., Agbenorhevi J. and Kpodo F., Total Phenol content and antioxidant activity of Okra seeds from different genotypes, J. Food Nutr., 5(3) (2017) 90–94.
  • [35] Augustyniak A., Bartosz G., Cipak A., Duburs G., Horáková L., Luczaj W., Majekova M., Odysseos A.D., Rackova L., Skrzydlewska E., Stefek M., Strosová M., Tirzitis G., Venskutonis P.R., Viskupicova J., Vraka P.S., Zarković N., Natural and synthetic antioxidants: an updated overview, Free Radic. Res., 44(10) (2010) 1216-1262.
  • [36] Manee S. and Kaewsrichan J., Cosmeceutical benefit of Abelmoschus esculentus L. seed extract, J. of Pharm. Res. International, 19(6) (2017) 1-11.
  • [37] Ranjbar M., Dastani M., Khakdan F., Evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and catalytic activities of CuO-NPs synthesized by tanacetum parthenium extract, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square (2021)
  • [38] Tedasen A., Sukrong S., Sritularak B., Srisawat T., and Graidist P., Trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone and lupalbigenin, active components of Derris scandens, induce cell death on breast cancer cell lines, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 81 (2016). 235–241.
  • [39] Palko-Łabuz A., Środa-Pomianek K., Wesołowska O., Kostrzewa-Susłow E., Uryga A., and Michalak K., MDR reversal and pro-apoptotic effects of statins and statins combined with flavonoids in colon cancer cells, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 109 (2019) 1511–1522.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cellular Interactions, Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity, Cytogenetic
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Bilgenur Çelebi 0009-0006-5737-1840

Sevil Ozer 0000-0002-0186-763X

Sezen Canım Ateş 0000-0003-2196-7053

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date July 20, 2024
Acceptance Date December 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 45 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çelebi, B., Ozer, S., & Canım Ateş, S. (2024). Characterization of Local Okra Seed (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Extract and Evaluation of Bioactivity. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 45(4), 707-712. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1519528
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