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Effects of co-culturing Schizochytrium sp. and Escherichia coli cells on biomass and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production

Year 2021, Volume: 42 Issue: 3, 545 - 552, 24.09.2021

Deniz Şahin

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.931137

Abstract

Heterotrophic marine microalga Schizochytrium sp. is one of the most studied microorganisms for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production. Severeal strategies were reported to enhance DHA production, including co-culturing algal cells with different microorganisms. In this study, Schizochytrium sp. and Escherichia coli were co-cultured to examine the effect of bacterial cells on the algal growth and DHA production. The cells were incubated for 168 h and recovered to analyze biomass production, lipid content and DHA yield in the mixed culture medium. Cultivation of algal and bacterial species together decreased the biomass production (g/L), total lipid concentration (ml/L), DHA yield (g/L) and DHA percentage in lipid content about 4.1, 1.7, 3.8 and 2.2 folds, respectively, compared to algal monoculture. The only increasing amount was obtained with DHA yield per biomass (mg/gCDW) which was about 1.1 fold higher in the mixed culture. The results showed that presence of Escherichia coli cells in the medium affected the growth of Schizochytrium sp. cells and DHA production negatively. It was estimated that the interaction between algal and bacterial cells were competition instead of mutualistic interaction in which bacterial cells outcompeted the algal cells and limited the cell density increase of algal cells in the mixed culture.

Keywords

Docosahexaenoic acid Omega-3 Schizochytrium sp. Escherichia coli Cocultivation

Supporting Institution

This research received no specific funding to declare.

Project Number

-

References

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  • [2] Simopoulos A.P., Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 21(6) (2002) 495-505.
  • [3] Leite G.B., Abdelaziz A.E.M., Hallenbeck P.C., Algal biofuels: Challenges and opportunities, Bioresour. Technol., 145 (2013) 134-141.
  • [4] Ochsenreitheri K., Gluck C., Stressler T., Fischer L., Syldatk C., Production Strategies and Applications of Microbial Single Cell Oils, Front Microbiol, 7 (2016) 1539.
  • [5] Aasen I.M., Ertesvåg H., Heggeset T.M., Liu B., Brautaset T., Vadstein O., Ellingsen T.E., Thraustochytrids as production organisms for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), squalene, and carotenoids, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 100(10) (2016) 4309-21.
  • [6] Sahin D., Tas E., Altindag U.H., Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production from Schizochytrium sp. S31 using different growth medium conditions, AMB Express., 8(7) (2018).
  • [7] Chatdumrong, W., Yongmanitchai W., Limtong S., Worawattanamateekul S., Optimization of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production and improvement of astaxanthin content in a mutant Schizochytrium limacinum isolated from mangrove forest in Thailand, Nat. Sci., 41 (2007) 324–334.
  • [8] Patil K.P., Gogate P.R., Improved synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 and sustainable media, J. Chem. Eng., 268 (2015) 187–196.
  • [9] Sahin D., Altindag U.H., Tas E., Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and beta-carotene production in Schizochytrium sp. using symbiotic relationship with Rhodotorula glutinis, Process Biochemistry, 75 (2018) 10-15.
  • [10] Cheirsilp B, Suwannarat W, Niyomdecha R, Mixed culture of oleginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and microalga Chlorella vulgaris for lipis production from industrial wastes and its use as biodiesel feedstock, N. Biotechnol., 28(4) (2011) 362-368.
  • [11] Santos C.A., Reis A., Microalgal symbiosis in biotechnology, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 98(13) (2014) 5839-5846.
  • [12] Zhang Y., Su H., Zhong Y., Zhang C., Shen Z., Sang W., Yan G., Zhou X., The effect of bacterial contamination on the heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in wastewater from the production of soybean products, Water Research, 46(17) (2012) 5509-5516.
  • [13] Han J., Zhang L., Wang S., Yang G., Zhao L., Pan K., Co-culturing bacteria and microalgae in organic carbon containing medium, J. Biol. Res. (Thessalon). 23 (2016) s40709.
  • [14] Dong Q.L., Zhao X.M., In situ carbon dioxide fixation in the process of natural astaxanthin production by a mixed culture of Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffa rhodozyma. Catal. Today, 98(4) (2004) 537-544.
  • [15] de-Bashan L.E., Bashan Y., Moreno M., Lebsky V.K., Bustillos J.J., Increased pigment and lipid content, lipid variety, and cell and population size of the microalgae Chlorella spp. When coimmobilized in alginate beads with the microalgae growth promoting bacterium Azospirillium brasilense, Can. J. Microbiol, 48 (2002) 514-21.
  • [16] Ethier S., Woisard K., Vaughan D., Wen Z., Continuous culture of the microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum on biodiesel-derived crude glycerol for producing docosahexaenoic acid, Bioresour Technol. 102 (2011) 88–93.
  • [17] Lorincz Z., Preininger E., Kósa A., Pónyi T., Nyitrai T., Sarkadi L., Artificial tripartite symbiosis involving a green alga (Chlamydomonas), a bacterium (Azotobacter) and a fungus (Alternaria): morphological and physiological characterization, Folia Microbiol. (Praha), 55 (2010) 393–400.
  • [18] Ortiz-Marquez J.C., Do Nascimento M., Dublan Mde L., Curatti L., Association with an ammonium-excreting bacterium allows diazotrophic culture of oil-rich eukaryotic microalgae, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78 (2012) 2345–52.
  • [19] Subashchandrabose S.R., Ramakrishnan B., Megharaj M., Venkateswarlu K., Naidu R., Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation, Environ. Int., 51 (2013) 59-72.
  • [20] Mouget J.L., Dakhama A., Lavoie M.C., de la Noüe J., Algal growth enhancement by bacteria: is consumption of photosynthetic oxygen involved?, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 18 (1995) 35–43.
  • [21] Croft M.T., Lawrence A.D., Raux-Deery E., Warren M.J., Smith A.G., Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, Nature, 438 (2005) 90–3.
  • [22] Higgins B.T., VanderGheynst J.S., Effects of Escherichia coli on mixotrophic growth of Chlorella minutissima and production of biofuel precursors, PLoS One, 9(5) (2014) e96807.
  • [23] Perez-Garcia O., Escalante F.M.E., de-Bashan L.E., Bashan Y., Heterotrophic cultures of microalgae: Metabolism and potential products, Water Res., 45(1) (2011) 11-36.
  • [24] Kot A.M., Blazejak S., Kurcz A., Gientka I., Kieliszek M.,Rhodotorula glutinis-potential source of lipids, carotenoids, and enzymes for use in industries, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 100(14) (2016) 6103-6117.
  • [25] Wu S.T., Yu S.T., Lin L.P., Effect of culture conditions on docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp S31, Process Biochem., 40(9) (2005) 3103-3108.
  • [26] Magdouli S., Brar S.K., Blais J.F., Co-culture for lipid production: Advances and challenges, Biomass Bioenergy, 92 (2016) 20-30.

Year 2021, Volume: 42 Issue: 3, 545 - 552, 24.09.2021

Deniz Şahin

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.931137

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • [1] Connor W.E., Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71 (2000) 171-175.
  • [2] Simopoulos A.P., Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 21(6) (2002) 495-505.
  • [3] Leite G.B., Abdelaziz A.E.M., Hallenbeck P.C., Algal biofuels: Challenges and opportunities, Bioresour. Technol., 145 (2013) 134-141.
  • [4] Ochsenreitheri K., Gluck C., Stressler T., Fischer L., Syldatk C., Production Strategies and Applications of Microbial Single Cell Oils, Front Microbiol, 7 (2016) 1539.
  • [5] Aasen I.M., Ertesvåg H., Heggeset T.M., Liu B., Brautaset T., Vadstein O., Ellingsen T.E., Thraustochytrids as production organisms for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), squalene, and carotenoids, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 100(10) (2016) 4309-21.
  • [6] Sahin D., Tas E., Altindag U.H., Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production from Schizochytrium sp. S31 using different growth medium conditions, AMB Express., 8(7) (2018).
  • [7] Chatdumrong, W., Yongmanitchai W., Limtong S., Worawattanamateekul S., Optimization of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production and improvement of astaxanthin content in a mutant Schizochytrium limacinum isolated from mangrove forest in Thailand, Nat. Sci., 41 (2007) 324–334.
  • [8] Patil K.P., Gogate P.R., Improved synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 and sustainable media, J. Chem. Eng., 268 (2015) 187–196.
  • [9] Sahin D., Altindag U.H., Tas E., Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and beta-carotene production in Schizochytrium sp. using symbiotic relationship with Rhodotorula glutinis, Process Biochemistry, 75 (2018) 10-15.
  • [10] Cheirsilp B, Suwannarat W, Niyomdecha R, Mixed culture of oleginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and microalga Chlorella vulgaris for lipis production from industrial wastes and its use as biodiesel feedstock, N. Biotechnol., 28(4) (2011) 362-368.
  • [11] Santos C.A., Reis A., Microalgal symbiosis in biotechnology, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 98(13) (2014) 5839-5846.
  • [12] Zhang Y., Su H., Zhong Y., Zhang C., Shen Z., Sang W., Yan G., Zhou X., The effect of bacterial contamination on the heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in wastewater from the production of soybean products, Water Research, 46(17) (2012) 5509-5516.
  • [13] Han J., Zhang L., Wang S., Yang G., Zhao L., Pan K., Co-culturing bacteria and microalgae in organic carbon containing medium, J. Biol. Res. (Thessalon). 23 (2016) s40709.
  • [14] Dong Q.L., Zhao X.M., In situ carbon dioxide fixation in the process of natural astaxanthin production by a mixed culture of Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffa rhodozyma. Catal. Today, 98(4) (2004) 537-544.
  • [15] de-Bashan L.E., Bashan Y., Moreno M., Lebsky V.K., Bustillos J.J., Increased pigment and lipid content, lipid variety, and cell and population size of the microalgae Chlorella spp. When coimmobilized in alginate beads with the microalgae growth promoting bacterium Azospirillium brasilense, Can. J. Microbiol, 48 (2002) 514-21.
  • [16] Ethier S., Woisard K., Vaughan D., Wen Z., Continuous culture of the microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum on biodiesel-derived crude glycerol for producing docosahexaenoic acid, Bioresour Technol. 102 (2011) 88–93.
  • [17] Lorincz Z., Preininger E., Kósa A., Pónyi T., Nyitrai T., Sarkadi L., Artificial tripartite symbiosis involving a green alga (Chlamydomonas), a bacterium (Azotobacter) and a fungus (Alternaria): morphological and physiological characterization, Folia Microbiol. (Praha), 55 (2010) 393–400.
  • [18] Ortiz-Marquez J.C., Do Nascimento M., Dublan Mde L., Curatti L., Association with an ammonium-excreting bacterium allows diazotrophic culture of oil-rich eukaryotic microalgae, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78 (2012) 2345–52.
  • [19] Subashchandrabose S.R., Ramakrishnan B., Megharaj M., Venkateswarlu K., Naidu R., Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation, Environ. Int., 51 (2013) 59-72.
  • [20] Mouget J.L., Dakhama A., Lavoie M.C., de la Noüe J., Algal growth enhancement by bacteria: is consumption of photosynthetic oxygen involved?, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 18 (1995) 35–43.
  • [21] Croft M.T., Lawrence A.D., Raux-Deery E., Warren M.J., Smith A.G., Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, Nature, 438 (2005) 90–3.
  • [22] Higgins B.T., VanderGheynst J.S., Effects of Escherichia coli on mixotrophic growth of Chlorella minutissima and production of biofuel precursors, PLoS One, 9(5) (2014) e96807.
  • [23] Perez-Garcia O., Escalante F.M.E., de-Bashan L.E., Bashan Y., Heterotrophic cultures of microalgae: Metabolism and potential products, Water Res., 45(1) (2011) 11-36.
  • [24] Kot A.M., Blazejak S., Kurcz A., Gientka I., Kieliszek M.,Rhodotorula glutinis-potential source of lipids, carotenoids, and enzymes for use in industries, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 100(14) (2016) 6103-6117.
  • [25] Wu S.T., Yu S.T., Lin L.P., Effect of culture conditions on docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp S31, Process Biochem., 40(9) (2005) 3103-3108.
  • [26] Magdouli S., Brar S.K., Blais J.F., Co-culture for lipid production: Advances and challenges, Biomass Bioenergy, 92 (2016) 20-30.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Deniz Şahin 0000-0003-3822-0319

Project Number -
Publication Date September 24, 2021
Submission Date May 1, 2021
Acceptance Date September 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 42 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Şahin, D. (2021). Effects of co-culturing Schizochytrium sp. and Escherichia coli cells on biomass and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 42(3), 545-552. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.931137
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