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Year 2021, , 310 - 320, 30.06.2021

Hamdi Mıhçıokur

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.866883
Cited By: 5

Abstract

References

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  • [6] Stanford B.D., Weinberg H.S., Evaluation of on-site Wastewater Treatment Technology to Remove Estrogens, Nonylphenols, and Estrogenic Activity from Wastewater, Environmental Science & Technology, 44(8) (2010) 2994–3001.
  • [7] Du B., Price A.E., Scott W.C., Kristofco L.A., Ramirez A.J., Chambliss C.K., Yelderman J.C., Brooks B.W., Comparison of Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal, Discharge, and Water Quality Hazards among Centralized and on-site Wastewater Treatment System Effluents Receiving Common Wastewater İnfluent, Science of The Total Environment, 466-467 (2014) 976-984.
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  • [10] Rowney N.C., Johnson A.C, Williams R.J., Cytotoxic Drugs in Drinking Water: A Prediction and Risk Assessment Exercise for the Thames Catchment in the United Kingdom, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(12) (2009) 2733–2743.
  • [11] Al-Ahmad A., Kümmerer K., Biodegradation of the Antineoplastics Vindesine, Vincristine, and Vinblastine and Their Toxicity Against Bacteria in the Aquatic Environment, Cancer Detection and Prevention, 25(1) (2001) 102-107.
  • [12] Zhang J., Chang Victor W.C., Apostolos G., Wang J.Y., Removal of Cytostatic Drugs From Aquatic Environment: A Review, Science of The Total Environment, 445-446 (2013) 281-298.
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Environmental risk assessment of commonly used anti-cancer drugs

Year 2021, , 310 - 320, 30.06.2021

Hamdi Mıhçıokur

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.866883
Cited By: 5

Abstract

This study has been focused on the commonly used anti-cancer drugs (ACDs) in Turkey in terms of environmental toxicity, behaviors in sewage treatment plants (STPs), biodegradability and physicochemical properties. For this purpose, EPI Suite, estimation programme, has been used by employing BCFWIN, KOWWIN, KOCWIN, HENRYWIN, AEROWIN, ECOSAR, BIOWIN, STPWIN suites. Among 13 selected ACDs, Tamoxifen has been found as the most risky pharmaceutical due to its high Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) / Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) value (2.96350). Even if the total removal efficiency of Tamoxifen is rather high (97.24%), the considerable portion (71.50%) has been retained on the treatment sludge leading to compose hazardous waste. Additionally, physicochemical parameters, log Kow (6.30), Kd (62230 L/g), log Koc (4.400) and BCF (6689 L/kg), calculated for Tamoxifen indicate that Tamoxifen has the highest sorption potential and tends to bioaccumulate in organisms, respectively.

Keywords

Anti-cancer drugs Environmental risks Pharmaceuticals; Predicted environmental concentration Predicted no effect concentration.

References

  • [1] Booker V., Halsall C., Llewellyn N., Johnson A., Williams R., Prioritising Anticancer Drugs for Environmental Monitoring and Risk Assessment Purposes, Science of the Total Environment, 473–474 (2014) 159–170.
  • [2] Caley A., Jones R., The Principles of Cancer Treatment by Chemotherapy, Surgery (Oxford), 30(4) (2012) 186–190. [3] WHO CCDSM (World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology), ATC/DDD index 2021, Available at: https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/ ,Retrieved December 17, (2020).
  • [4] Besse J.P., Latour J.F., Garric J., Anticancer Drugs in Surface Waters: What can We Say About The Occurrence and Environmental Significance of Cytotoxic, Cytostatic and Endocrine Therapy Drugs?, Environmental International, 39(1) (2012) 73–86.
  • [5] Toolaram A.P., Kümmerer K., Schneider M., Environmental Risk Assessment of Anti-Cancer Drugs and Their Transformation Products: A Focus an Their Genotoxicity Characterization-State of Knowledge and Short Comings, Mutation Research, 760 (2014) 18–35.
  • [6] Stanford B.D., Weinberg H.S., Evaluation of on-site Wastewater Treatment Technology to Remove Estrogens, Nonylphenols, and Estrogenic Activity from Wastewater, Environmental Science & Technology, 44(8) (2010) 2994–3001.
  • [7] Du B., Price A.E., Scott W.C., Kristofco L.A., Ramirez A.J., Chambliss C.K., Yelderman J.C., Brooks B.W., Comparison of Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal, Discharge, and Water Quality Hazards among Centralized and on-site Wastewater Treatment System Effluents Receiving Common Wastewater İnfluent, Science of The Total Environment, 466-467 (2014) 976-984.
  • [8] Allwood M., Stanley A., Wright P., The cytotoxics handbook. 4th ed. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, (2002) 400-425.
  • [9] Johnson A.C., Jürgens M.D., Williams J., Kümmerer K., Kortenkamp A., Sumpter J.P., Do Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Drugs Discharged into Rivers Pose a Risk to the Environment and Human Health? an Overview and UK Case Study, Journal of Hydrology, 348 (1–2) (2008) 167–175.
  • [10] Rowney N.C., Johnson A.C, Williams R.J., Cytotoxic Drugs in Drinking Water: A Prediction and Risk Assessment Exercise for the Thames Catchment in the United Kingdom, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(12) (2009) 2733–2743.
  • [11] Al-Ahmad A., Kümmerer K., Biodegradation of the Antineoplastics Vindesine, Vincristine, and Vinblastine and Their Toxicity Against Bacteria in the Aquatic Environment, Cancer Detection and Prevention, 25(1) (2001) 102-107.
  • [12] Zhang J., Chang Victor W.C., Apostolos G., Wang J.Y., Removal of Cytostatic Drugs From Aquatic Environment: A Review, Science of The Total Environment, 445-446 (2013) 281-298.
  • [13] US Environmental Protection Agency, 2012. Estimation Program Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows, version 4.11. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
  • [14] Jones O.A.H., Voulvoulis N., Lester J.N., Aquatic Environmental Assessment of The Top 25 English Prescription Pharmaceuticals, Water Research, 36 (2002) 5013–5022. [15] Stuer-Lauridsen F, Birkved M, Hansen LP, Holten Lützhoft HC, Halling Sorensen B., Environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals in Denmark After Normal Therapeutic Use, Chemosphere, 40 (2000) 783–793.
  • [16] TSIa (Turkish Statistical Institute a). Available at: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  • [17] TSIb (Turkish Statistical Institute b). Available at: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/cevredagitimapp/belediyeatiksu.zul. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  • [18] Chem Safety Proa, How to calculate Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC). Available at: https://www.chemsafetypro.com/Topics/CRA/How_to_Calculate_Predicted_NoEffect_Concentration_(PNEC).html. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
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  • [21] Halling-Sorensen B., Nors Nielsen S., Lansky P.F., Ingerslev F., Holten Lutzhoft H.C., Jorgensen S.E., Occurrence, Fate, and Effects of Pharmaceutical Substances in The Environment, Chemosphere, 36 (2) (1998) 357-393.
  • [22] Stockholm County Council, Environmentally Classified Pharmaceuticals Report, 2012.
  • [23] Sebastine I.M., Wakeman R.J., Consumption and Environmental Hazards of Pharmaceutical Substances in the UK., Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81 (4) (2003) 229-235.
  • [24] Kummerer K., Pharmaceuticals in the environment: sources, fate, effects and risks. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, (2008) 450-485.
  • [25] Boethling R.S., Sabljic A., Screening-level Model For Aerobic Biodegradability Based on a Survey of Expert Knowledge, Environmental Science and Technology, 23 (1989) 672-679.
  • [26] Boethling R.S., Lynch D.G., Jaworska J.S., Tunkel J.L., Thom G.C., Webb S., Using BIOWIN, Bayes, and Batteries to Predict Ready Biodegradability, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23 (2004) 911-920.
  • [27] Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II, 2007. Lipophilicity. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/lipophilicity. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  • [28] Bagno A., Comuzzi C., Deprotonation of Amides and Polyfunctional Imides Probed by Heteronuclear NMR and Quantum Chemical Calculations, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1 (1999) 287-295.
  • [29] Jones O.A.H., Voulvoulis N., Lester J.N., The Occurrence and Removal of Selected Pharmaceutical Compounds in a Sewage Treatment Works Utilizing Activated Sludge Treatment, Environmental Pollution, 145 (2007) 738-744.
  • [30] Oğuz M., Mıhçıokur H. Enviromental Risk Assessment of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Turkey, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 38(1) (2014) 79-83.
  • [31] Mıhçıokur H., Oğuz M., Removal of oxytetracycline and Determining its Biosorption Properties on Aerobic Granular Sludge, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 46 (2016) 174-182.
  • [32] European Medicines Agency (EMA), Guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use 2006, Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/pages/includes/document/open_document.jsp?webContentId=WC500003978. Retrieved May 10, 201).
  • [33] Chem Safety Prob, 2016. Henry's Law Constant. Available at: https://www.chemsafetypro.com/Topics/CRA/Henry_Law_Constant.html, Retrieved May 27, (2019).
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Sciences
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Hamdi Mıhçıokur 0000-0002-2894-3356

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date January 23, 2021
Acceptance Date June 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Mıhçıokur, H. (2021). Environmental risk assessment of commonly used anti-cancer drugs. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 42(2), 310-320. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.866883

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