Evaluation of Bioactivity of Ethanol and Water Extracts and Determination of Nutrient Concentrations of Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Plants Grown in İzmir Province

Taner Daştan; Handan Saraç; Sevgi Durna Daştan; Ahmet Demirbaş

doi:10.17776/csj.1427594

Research Article

Evaluation of Bioactivity of Ethanol and Water Extracts and Determination of Nutrient Concentrations of Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Plants Grown in İzmir Province

Year 2024, , 201 - 209, 30.06.2024

Taner Daştan , Handan Saraç , Sevgi Durna Daştan , Ahmet Demirbaş

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1427594

Abstract

This study was conducted to determination of ethanol and water extracts obtained from the leaves of Laurus nobilis (Laurel) plant of the general content by GC-MS analysis, antimicrobial activities of these extracts on some microorganisms, total antioxidant levels (TAS), total oxidant levels (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, anti-carcinogenic effects on various cell lines and macro and micronutrient concentrations of Laurel (Laurus nobilis) plants cultivated for decorative purposes in parks and gardens of Izmir province of Turkey. TAS, TOS, and OSI values were determined with the aid of Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. In antimicrobial activity analysis, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts against microorganisms was determined by microdilution broth method. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Candida tropicalis (DSM11953) microorganisms were used in this analysis. Furthermore, cytotoxic activities of plant extracts were determined by XTT method in normal rat fibroblast cell line, HUVEC, and 2 different human cancer cell lines. At the end of the study, it was found that ethanol and water extracts of the Laurel plants had no antimicrobial activity, low oxidative stress index and good antioxidant activity, and moderate cytotoxic activity on experimented cell lines. Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (P), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn) and Copper (Cu) concentrations of plant extracts were respectively identified as 1.68% N, 0.72% P, 1.12% K, 2.40% Ca, 0.45% Mg, 147.4 mg/kg Fe, 13.6 mg/kg Zn, 326.3 mg/kg Mn and 27.8 mg/kg Cu.

Keywords

Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Nutrient, Laurus nobilis (Laurel).

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Department of Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Project Number

YMYO-007 and V-066

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Dr. Mehmet Atas for his aid and support, and Dr. Mustafa Sevindik for his aid in plant species identification.

References

[1] Baytop T. Therapy by Plants in Turkey. İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy Press. No: 40, İstanbul, Turkey, (1984).
[2] Kırbağ S., Kurşat M., Zengin F.K., Elazığ’da Tıbbi Amaçlar İçin Kullanılan Bazı Bitki Ekstraktlarının Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri, Fırat Üni. Doğu Araş. Derg., 3(3) (2005) 168-171.
[3] Faydaoğlu E., Sürücüoğlu, M., Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan Aktiviteleri ve Kullanım Olanakları, Erzincan Uni. J. Sci. and Tech., 6(2) (2013) 233-265.
[4] Bilgin F., Şafak İ., Kiracıoğlu, Ö., Ege Bölgesinde Defne Üreticilerinin Profili, 1st International Non-Wood Forest Products Symposium, Trabzon, Turkey, Karadeniz Technical University (KTU): Faculty of Forestry, (2006) 60-65.
[5] Ölmez F. N., Farklı Kaynatma Sürelerinde Defneden (Laurus nobilis L.) Elde Edilen Renkler ve Bazı Haslık Değerleri, YYU J. Agri. Sci., 14(1) (2004) 35-40.
[6] Karık Ü., Çiçek F., Oğur E., Tutar M., Ayas, F., Essential Oil Compounds of Turkey Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Populations, Anadolu J. AARI, 25 (2015) 1-16.
[7] Özer, S., Ülkemizdeki Bazı Önemli Orman Tali Ürünlerinin Teşhis ve Tanıtım Kılavuzu. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, Yayın 659, Ankara, (1987).
[8] Hammer K.A., Carson C.F, Riley T.V., Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Other Plant Extracts, J. Appl. Microbio., 86 (1999) 985-990.
[9] Cooper-Driver G.A., Contributions of Jeffrey Harborne and Co-workers to the Study of Anthocyanins, Phytochem., 56(3) (2001) 229-236.
[10] Longo L., Vasapollo G., Anthocyanins from Bay (Laurus nobilis L.) Berries, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(20) (2005) 8063-8067.
[11] Ayanoğlu F., Mert A., Kaya A., Köse, E., Hatay Yöresinde Doğal Olarak Yetişen Defne (Laurus nobilis L.) Bitkisinin Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Seleksiyonu. Tübitak Project Report No: 108O878, 268p, Hatay, Turkey, (2010).
[12] Mata A.T., Proença C., Ferreira A.R., Serralheiro M.L.M., Nogueira J.M.F., Araújo, M.E.M., Antioxidant and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activities of Five Plants Used as Portuguese Food Spices, Food Chem., 103(3) (2007) 778-786.
[13] Murphy J., Riley J.P., A Modified Single Solution for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural Waters, Analtica Chemica Acta., 27 (1962) 31-36.
[14] Bremner J.M., Method of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Methods. Madison, USA: American Society of Agronomy Inc., (1965) 1149-1178.
[15] Eloff J.N., A Sensitive and Quick Microplate Method to Determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Plant Extracts for Bacteria, Planta Med., 64 (1998) 711–713.
[16] CLSI, Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, Approved Standard. 2nd ed., NCCLS document M27- A2. CLSI, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA, (2002) 19087- 1898.
[17] CLSI, Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically, Approved Standard. 9th ed., CLSI document M07-A9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania USA, (2012) 19087.
[18] Erel O., A Novel Automated Direct Measurement Method for Total Antioxidant Capacity Using A New Generation, More Stable ABTS Radical Cation, Clinical Biochem., 37(4) (2004) 277- 285.
[19] Erel O., A New Automated Colorimetric Method for Measuring Total Oxidant Status, Clinical Biochem., 38(12) (2005) 1103-1111.
[20] Kuete V., Potential of Cameroonian Plants and Derived Products Against Microbial Infections: A Review, Planta Med., 76 (2010) 1479–1491.
[21] Awouafack M.D., McGaw L.J., Gottfried S., Mbouangouere R., Tane P., Spiteller M., Eloff J.N., Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of the Ethanol Extract, Fractions and Eight Compounds Isolated from Eriosema robustum (Fabaceae), BMC Complementary and Alternative Med., 13(1) (2013) 1-9.
[22] Saraç H., Daştan T., Demirbaş A., Daştan S.D., Karaköy T., Durukan, H., Madımak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.) Bitki Özütlerinin Besin Elementleri ve In vitro Antikanserojen Aktiviteleri Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi, SDU Ziraat Fakül. Derg., (2018a) 340-347.
[23] Saraç H., Daştan T., Durukan H., Daştan S.D., Demirbaş A., Karaköy T., Kırmızı Gelincik (Fam: Papaveraceae, Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss.&Huet var. grandiflorum) Bitkisinin Farklı Özütlerinin Besin Elementi İçeriğinin ve In vitro Antiproliferatif Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, SDU Ziraat Fakül. Derg., (2018b) 417-428.
[24] Merghni A., Marzouki H., Hentati H., Aouni M., Mastouri M., Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oil Against Staphylococcus aureus Strains Associated With Oral İnfections, Current Research in Translational Med., 64 (2016) 29-34.
[25] Ivanović J., Mišić D., Ristić M., Pešić O., Žižović I., Supercritical CO2 Extract and Essential Oil of Bay (Laurus nobilis L.) – Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity, J. the Serbian Chem. Soci., 75(3) (2010) 395-404.
[26] Marzouki H., Khaldi A., Chamli R., Bouzid S., Piras A., Falconieri D., Marongiu B., Biological Activity Evaluation of the Oils from Laurus nobilis of Tunisia and Algeria Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Natural Product Res., 23(3) (2009) 230-237.
[27] Digrak M., Alma M.H., Ilçim A., Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Turkish Medicinal Plants, Pharmaceutical Bio., 39(5) (2001) 346-350.
[28] Dadalioǧlu I., Evrendilek G.A., Chemical Compositions and Antibacterial Effects of Essential Oils of Turkish Oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on Common Foodborne Pathogens, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52(26) (2004) 8255-8260.
[29] Li R., Jiang S., Jiang Z.T., β-cyclodextrin Supramolecular Microcapsules and Antioxidant Activity of Laurus nobilis Essential Oil, J. Essen. Oil Bearing Plants, 20(6) (2017) 1511-1524.
[30] Jamilah J., Sharifa A., Sharifah N.R.S.A., GC-MS Analysis of Various Extracts from Leaf of Plantago major Used as Traditional Medicine, World Appl. Sci. J., 17 (2012) 67-70.
[31] Simić M., Kundaković T., Kovačević N., Preliminary Assay on the Antioxidative Activity of Laurus nobilis Extracts, Fitoterapia, 74 (2003) 613-616.
[32] Sevindik M., Investigation of Antioxidant/Oxidant Status and Antimicrobial Activities of Lentinus tigrinus, Advan. in Pharma. Sci., (2018) vol. 2018, Article ID 1718025.
[33] Sevindik M., Akgul H., Pehlivan M., Selamoglu Z., Determination of Therapeutic Potential of Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia, Fresen. Environ. Bull., 26 (2017) 4757-4763.
[34] Pehlivan M., Sevindik M., Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Salvia multicaulis, Turkish J. Agri.-Food Sci. and Tech., 6(5) (2018) 628-631.