Effect of Synthesizing Process on the Formation of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles

Cemal Aka; Mustafa Akyol

doi:10.17776/csj.1284327

Research Article

Effect of Synthesizing Process on the Formation of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles

Year 2023, , 504 - 509, 29.09.2023

Cemal Aka Mustafa Akyol

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1284327

Abstract

In this work, the effect of synthesizing process on the morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have been studied by performing X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that both samples have cubic crystal phase. However, Fe2O3 impurity peaks were observed in the sample synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystallite sizes of samples synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods were approximately 38 and 24 nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscope images show that spherical porous and cubic shape Fe3O4 nanoparticles were obtained by solvothermal and hydrothermal method, respectively. The average particle sizes of Fe3O4 samples synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods were determined as 220 and 450 nm, respectively. Both samples behave a soft ferromagnetic characteristic having almost zero coercive field. The magnetic saturation values of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods were determined as 28.78 and 77.31 emu/g, respectively. As a result of the characterizations, porous Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method show better crystal structure, morphological and magnetic properties than Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method.

Keywords

Fe3O4, Magnetic nanoparticles, Hydrothermal, Solvothermal, Magnetic hysteresis

Supporting Institution

Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Scientific Research Council

Project Number

22303006

Thanks

This work is supported by the Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Scientific Research Council under Project Number: 22303006.

References

[1] Zhao T., Hierarchical Bi2O2CO3 microspheres with improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity, Cryst. Eng. Comm., 13 (2011) 4010-4017.
[2] Miles P.A., Westphal W.B.,A. Von Hippel, Dielectric Spectroscopy of Ferromagnetic Semiconductors, Reviews of Modern Physics, 29 (1957) 279-307.
[3] Evans B.J., Experimental studies of the electrical conductivity and phase transition in Fe3O4. AIP Conference Proceedings, 24 (1975) 73-78.
[4] Vella L. D. Emerson, Electrical Properties of Magnetite- and Hematite-Rich Rocks and Ores, ASEG Extended Abstracts, 2012 (2012) 1-4.
[5] Qiao L., Standardizing Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Monodisperse Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanocrystals by Identifying and Exploiting Effects of Organic Impurities, ACS Nano, 11 (2017) 6370-6381.
[6] Arefi M., Superparamagnetic Fe(OH)3@Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Recoverable Catalyst for Tandem Oxidative Amidation of Alcohols with Amine Hydrochloride Salts, ACS Combinatorial Science, 17 (2015) 341-347.
[7] Li Q., Xuan Y., Wang J., Experimental investigations on transport properties of magnetic fluids, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 30 (2005) 109-116.
[8] Jordan A., Endocytosis of dextran and silan-coated magnetite nanoparticles and the effect of intracellular hyperthermia on human mammary carcinoma cells in vitro, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 194 (1999) 185-196.
[9] Prabhu Y.T., Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and its antibacterial application, International Nano Letters, 5 (2015) 85-92.
[10] Kalantari K., Rapid Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Fe3O4/Talc Nanocomposite and Optimization Study Using Response Surface Methodology, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15 (2014) 12913-12927.
[11] Chen Y., Stably dispersed high-temperature Fe3O4/silicone-oil nanofluids for direct solar thermal energy harvesting, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4 (2016) 17503-17511.
[12] Narang S. S. Bahel, Low loss dielectric ceramics for microwave applications: A review, Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 11 (2010) 316-321.
[13] Sanaeifar N., A novel electrochemical biosensor based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles-polyvinyl alcohol composite for sensitive detection of glucose, Analytical Biochemistry, 519 (2017) 19-26.
[14] Jian X., Facile Synthesis of Fe3O4/GCs Composites and Their Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8 (2016) 6101-6109.
[15] Zhu M. G. Diao, Synthesis of Porous Fe3O4 Nanospheres and Its Application for the Catalytic Degradation of Xylenol Orange, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115 (2011) 18923-18934.
[16] Hariani P., Synthesis and Properties of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method to Removal Procion Dye, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 4 (2013) 336-340.
[17] Kimata M., Nakagawa D., Hasegawa M., Preparation of monodisperse magnetic particles by hydrolysis of iron alkoxide, Powder Technology, 132 (2003) 112-118.
[18] Albornoz C., Jacobo S.E., Preparation of a biocompatible magnetic film from an aqueous ferrofluid, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 305 (2006) 12-15.
[19] Wang X., Fabrication and characterization of magnetic Fe3O4–CNT composites, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 71 (2010) 673-676.
[20] Kentish S.E., Stevens G.W., Innovations in separations technology for the recycling and re-use of liquid waste streams, Chemical Engineering Journal, 84 (2001) 149-159.
[21] Rockenberger, J., Scher E.C., Alivisatos A.P., A New Nonhydrolytic Single-Precursor Approach to Surfactant-Capped Nanocrystals of Transition Metal Oxides, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121 (1999) 11595-11596.
[22] Deng Y., Magnetic nanoparticles prepared in natural deep eutectic solvent for enzyme immobilisation, Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, 40 (2022) 450-460.
[23] Wang S., Recyclable solar evaporator based on hollow glass microspheres for water purification and desalination, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10 (2022) 108254.
[24] Radoń A., Structure and optical properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method with different organic modifiers, Materials Characterization, 131 (2017) 148-156.
[25] Ahmadi S., Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanocrystals using hydrothermal approach, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 324 (2012) 4147-4150.
[26] Lemine O.M., Sol–gel synthesis of 8nm magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and their magnetic properties, Superlattices and Microstructures, 52 (2012) 793-799.
[27] Scherrer P., Bestimmung der inneren Struktur und der Größe von Kolloidteilchen mittels Röntgenstrahlen, in Kolloidchemie Ein Lehrbuch, R. Zsigmondy, Editor., Springer Berlin Heidelberg: Berlin, Heidelberg. (1912) 387-409.
[28] Langford J.I., Wilson A.J.C., Scherrer after sixty years: A survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size, Journal of Applied Crystallography, 11 (1978) 102-113.
[29] Bahari A., Characteristics of Fe3O4, α -Fe2O3, and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles as Suitable Candidates in the Field of Nanomedicine, Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 30 (2017) 2165-2174.
[30] Li Q., Correlation between particle size/domain structure and magnetic properties of highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Scientific Reports, 7 (2017) 9894.
[31] Hedayatnasab Z., Abnisa F., Daud W.M.A.W., Review on magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia application, Materials & Design, 123 (2017) 174-196.
[32] Rajan A., Sharma M., Sahu N.K., Assessing magnetic and inductive thermal properties of various surfactants functionalised Fe3O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia, Scientific Reports, 10 (2020) 15045.