Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Level in Commercial Turkish Milks

Sibel Kaçmaz

doi:10.17776/csj.443430

EN TR

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Level in Commercial Turkish Milks

Abstract

In the present study, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commercial Turkish Milks was investigated. A total of 27 samples consisting of raw milk (n = 2), pasteurized milk (n = 5), UHT milk (n = 17) and also plant milk (n = 3) were analyzed for four EU marker polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by using a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD).

The method was in house validated using the validation parameters such as linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery percentages, and also measurement uncertainty.

The mean concentrations of the sum of 4 EU marker PAHs were found 0.10 ±0.06 µg kg^-1, 0.71 ±0.33 µg kg^-1, 0.84 ±0.57 µg kg^-1 and 0.20 ±0.28 µg kg^-1 for raw, pasteurized, UHT whole and plant milks, respectively. The analyzed milk samples did not exceed the maximum limits of 1.0 µg kg^-1, that was regulated for both BaP and 4 EU marker PAHs (4 PAHs) by the European Union.

Keywords

PAHs,Milk,Extraction of PAHs,PAHs analysis,HPLC Analysis

References

[1] SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons – Occurrence in foods, dietary exposure and health effects, Annex., (2002) A1–A194.
[2] SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the risks to human health of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in food, (2002) 1–84.
[3] Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC), Discussion Paper on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Contamination, Jt. Fao/Who Food Stand. Program., 17 (2005).
[4] Joint FAO/WHO expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), Summary and conclusions of the sixty-fourth meeting. (2005) 1–47.
[5] IARC, Some Non-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Some Related Exposures, Iarc Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks To Humans., 92 (2010) 1–868.
[6] IARC, A review of human carcinogens: chemical agents and related occupations, IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks to Humans. Vol. 100F (2012) 225–248.
[7] EC (European Commission), commission recommendation of 2005/108 of 4 February 2005 on the further investigation into the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in certain foods, Off. J. Eur. Union. L34 (2005) 43–45.
[8] EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Findings of the EFSA Data Collection on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food, EFSA J., 724 (2008) 1–55.

[9] EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain, EFSA J., 724 (2008) 1–114.
[10] EC (European Commission), commission regulation (EU) No 836/2011, Off. J. Eur. Union EN. 2011 (2011) 9–16.
[11] Girelli A.M., Sperati D., and Tarola A.M., Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Italian milk by HPLC with fluorescence detection, Food Addit. Contam. Part A., 31 (2014) 703–710.
[12] Naccari C., Cristani M., Giofrè F., Ferrante M., Siracusa L., and Trombetta D., PAHs concentration in heat-treated milk samples, Food Res. Int., 44 (2011) 716–724.
[13] Chung T.L., Liao C.J., and Chen M.F., Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the milk of Taiwan, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 41 (2010) 178–183.
[14] Aguinaga N., Campillo N., Viñas,P. and Hernández-Córdoba M., A headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 391 (2008) 753–758.
[15] Aguinaga N., Campillo N., Viñas P., and Hernández-Córdoba M., Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and related products using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta., 596 (2007) 285–290.
[16] DiScenza D.J., Lynch J., Verderame M., Smith M.A., and Levine M., Cyclodextrin-Promoted Fluorescence Detection of Aromatic Toxicants and Toxicant Metabolites in Commercial Milk Products, Food Anal. Methods., 11 (2018) 2419–2430.
[17] Eurachem Guide: The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods – A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics, (2014) 1-70.
[18] EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG- Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement. 2nd ed. (2000) 126.
[19] Mandel J., The statistical analysis of experimental data, Wiley & Sons, New York (NY), (1964).
[20] Kacmaz, S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cereal products on the Turkish market, Food Addit. Contam. Part B., 9 (2016) 191–197.
[21] Kacmaz S., Zelinkova Z., and Wenzl T., Rapid and sensitive method for the determination of four EU marker polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cereal-based foods using isotope-dilution GC/MS, Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk Assess., 33 (2016) 631–638.
[22] EC (European Commission), Commission regulation (EU) No 835/2011 of 19 August 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foodstuffs, Off. J. Eur. Union., (2011) 4–8.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sibel Kaçmaz ^*
0000-0003-3642-4940
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2018

Submission Date

July 13, 2018

Acceptance Date

September 19, 2018

Published in Issue

Year 2018 Volume: 39 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.443430

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA49NF98TW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kaçmaz, S. (2018). Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Level in Commercial Turkish Milks. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 39(3), 771-778. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.443430