Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Four Turkish Medicinal Plants

Ayşe Hanbeyoğlu

doi:10.17776/csj.1786038

Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Four Turkish Medicinal Plants

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and radical scavenging activity of endemic plants: Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn, Consolida Orientalis (J. Gay) Schrödinger, Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik, Silene compacta Fischer. Total antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the CUPRAC method. The radical scavenging effect was examined by looking at the scavenging activity of DPPH and H₂O₂ radicals. The total phenolic content (53.83 ± 2.63 mg GAE/g sample) and total flavonoid content (2.89 ± 0.13 mg QUE/g sample) were found to be higher in S. compacta compared to the other plants. In total antioxidant capacity analyses, the highest value was once again achieved in S. compacta (41.93 ± 0.95 mg TRXE/g sample), in accordance with its phenolic content. Radical scavenging activities exhibited a concentration-dependent response; all the extracts demonstrated significant scavenging activities against DPPH and H₂O₂ radicals. Consequently, the examined plants exhibited significant antioxidant activities due to the presence of specific phytochemicals. The plants under scrutiny, most notably S. compacta, are considered to be significant sources of natural substances, with potential for utilisation in the development of novel phytopharmaceuticals.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Sivas Cumhuriyet University of Scientific Research Project

Project Number

GMYO-2022-003

References

[1] Mateș L., Banc R., Zaharie F.A., Rusu M.E., Popa D.S., Mechanistic Insights into the Biological Effects and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Ellagitannins: A Systematic Review, Antioxidants, 13 (2024) 974.
[2] Guo Q., Li F., Duan Y., Wen C., Wang W., Zhang L., Huang R., Yin Y., Oxidative stress, nutritional antioxidants and beyond, Science China Life Sciences, 63 (2020) 866–874.
[3] Mirończuk-Chodakowska I., Witkowska A.M., Zujko M.E., Endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants in the human body, Advances in Medical Sciences, 63 (2018) 68–78.
[4] Effiong M.E., Umeokwochi C.P., Afolabi I.S., Chinedu S.N., Comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of five extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), Scientific Reports, 14 (2024) 3794.
[5] Enoma D.O., Larbie C.E., Dzogbefia V.P., Obafemi Y.D., Evaluation of the antioxidant activities of some wild edible indigenous Ghanaian mushrooms, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 210 (2018) 012010.
[6] Kim Y., Kim Y.J., Shin Y., Comparative Analysis of Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts of Five Onion Cultivars Harvested in Korea, Antioxidants, 13 (2024) 197.
[7] Yin T., Cai L., Ding Z., A systematic review on the chemical constituents of the genus Consolida (Ranunculaceae) and their biological activities, RSC Advances, 10 (2020) 35072–35089.
[8] Zengin G., Mahomoodally M.F., Aktumsek A., Ceylan R., Uysal S., Mocan A., et al., Functional constituents of six wild edible Silene species: A focus on their phytochemical profiles and bioactive properties, Food Bioscience, 23 (2018) 75–82.

[9] Demir T., Akpınar Ö., Kara H., Güngör H., Phenolic profile and investigation of biological activities of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum, Food Bioscience, 46 (2022) 101548.
[10] Zengin G., Mahomoodally M.F., Rocchetti G., Lucini L., Sieniawska E., et al., Chemical Characterization and Bioactive Properties of Different Extracts from Fibigia clypeata, an Unexplored Plant Food, Foods, 9 (2020) 705.
[11] Ma Y.L., Sun P., Feng J., Yuan J., Wang Y., Shang Y.F., et al., Solvent effect on phenolics and antioxidant activity of Huangshan Gongju (Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju) extract, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 147 (2021) 111875.
[12] Kotha R.R., Tareq F.S., Yildiz E., Luthria D.L., Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants—A Critical Review on In Vitro Antioxidant Assays, Antioxidants, 11 (2022) 2388.
[13] Du G., Li M., Ma F., Liang D., Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and Vitamin C in Actinidia fruits, Food Chemistry, 113 (2009) 557–562.
[14] Hu Y., Pan Z.J., Liao W., Li J., Gruget P., Kitts D.D., Lu X., Determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of chocolate by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy, Food Chemistry, 202 (2016) 254-261.
[15] Do Q.D., Angkawijaya A.E., Tran-Nguyen P.L., Huynh L.H., Soetaredjo F.E., Ismadji S., Ju Y.-H., Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 22(3) (2014) 296-302.
[16] Apak R., Güçlü K., Demirata B., Özyürek M., Çelik S.E., et al., Comparative Evaluation of Various Total Antioxidant Capacity Assays Applied to Phenolic Compounds with the CUPRAC Assay, Molecules, 12(7) (2007) 1496-1547.
[17] Sethi S., Joshi A., Arora B., et al., Significance of FRAP, DPPH, and CUPRAC assays for antioxidant activity determination in apple fruit extracts, European Food Research and Technology, 246 (2020) 591–598.
[18] Ruch R.J., Cheng S.-j., Klaunig J.E., Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea, Carcinogenesis, 10(6) (1989) 1003–1008.
[19] Zengin G., Aktumsek A., Investigation of antioxidant potentials of solvent extracts from different anatomical parts of Asphodeline anatolica E. Tuzlaci: An endemic plant to Turkey, African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11 (2014) 481.
[20] Zengin G., Mahomoodally M.F., Picot-Allain C.M.N., Cakmak Y.S., Uysal S., Aktumsek A., In vitro tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant potential of Consolida orientalis, Onosma isauricum and Spartium junceum from Turkey, South African Journal of Botany, 120 (2019) 119–123.
[21] Boğa M., Chemical Constituents, Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Cholinesterases Inhibitory Activities of Silene compacta (Fischer) Extracts, Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 21 (2017) 445.
[22] Sarıkürkcü C., Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Silene compacta: A comparative study of antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities across solvent extracts, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 51 (2025) 7–17.
[23] Taşcı B., Kütük H., Koca İ., Antioxidant Activity of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) STEARN Plant Grown in Turkey, Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7 (2019) 1561–1567.
[24] Mollica A., Zengin G., Locatelli M., Picot-Allain C.M.N., Mahomoodally M.F., Multidirectional investigations on different parts of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn: Phenolic components, in vitro biological, and in silico propensities, Food Research International, 108 (2018) 641–649.
[25] Zengin G., Lobine D., Mollica A., Locatelli M., Carradori S., Mahomoodally M.F., Multiple pharmacological approaches on Fibigia eriocarpa extracts by in vitro and computational assays, Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 32 (2018) 400–413.
[26] Unver T., Uzuner U., Akcora-Yildiz D., Gurhan I., Arkan C., Ozdemir Z., Multidirectional in silico and in vitro research for the pharmaceutical potential of Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik: Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Antimyeloma Properties, ChemistryOpen, (2025) 1-13.
[27] Rocchetti G., Zengin G., Cakmak Y.S., Mahomoodally M.F., Kaya M.F., et al., A UHPLC-QTOF-MS screening provides new insights into the phytochemical composition and biological properties of six Consolida species from Turkey, Industrial Crops and Products, 158 (2020) 112966.
[28] Đorđevski N., Uba A.I., Zengin G., Božunović J., Gašić U., Ristanović E., et al., Chemical and Biological Investigations of Allium scorodoprasum L. Flower Extracts, Pharmaceuticals, 16 (2022) 21.
[29] Martinez-Morales F., Alonso-Castro A.J., Zapata-Morales J.R., Carranza-Álvarez C., Aragon-Martinez O.H., Use of standardized units for a correct interpretation of IC50 values obtained from the inhibition of the DPPH radical by natural antioxidants, Chemical Papers, 74 (2020) 3325–3334.
[30] Ancuceanu R., Anghel A.I., Hovaneț M.V., Ciobanu A.M., Lascu B.E., Dinu M., Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Pinaceae Species, Antioxidants, 13 (2024) 286.
[31] Wang L., Wang Z., Li X., Preliminary phytochemical and biological activities study of solvent extracts from a cold-field fruit—Malus baccata (Linn.) Borkh, Industrial Crops and Products, 47 (2013) 20–28.
[32] Sönmez Gürer E., Karadağ A.E., Baydar R., Demirel M., Investigation of the chemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Consolida orientalis, Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 7 (2024) 691–695.
[33] Han H.S., Jung J.S., Jeong Y.-I., Choi K.C., Biological Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Edible Plant Allium monanthum: Characterization of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Using In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis, Materials, 16(20) (2023) 6669.
[34] Lupoae M., Bounegru A.V., Dinica R.M., Cârâc G., Exploring In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Allium ursinum and Alliaria petiolata Through Various Analytical Methods, Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 70(3–4) (2025) 223–233.
[35] Djerrad Z., Djouahri A., Kadik L., Variability of Pinus halepensis Mill. Essential Oils and Their Antioxidant Activities Depending on the Stage of Growth During Vegetative Cycle, Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14 (2017).

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biochemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayşe Hanbeyoğlu ^*
0000-0002-9256-5046
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

September 18, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 46 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1786038

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA64ML53CF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Hanbeyoğlu, A. (2025). Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Four Turkish Medicinal Plants. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 46(4), 735-740. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1786038