The Origin of Dark Energy: The Role of Interactions Between Imaginary and Anti-Time Dimensions

Gizem Bertan

doi:10.17776/csj.1574774

EN

The Origin of Dark Energy: The Role of Interactions Between Imaginary and Anti-Time Dimensions

Abstract

This study introduces a theoretical framework to explain the origin of dark energy and to address the classical singularity problem by proposing a dynamic quantum dimension called anti-time. Unlike conventional approaches that treat time as a passive coordinate or apply imaginary time for geometric smoothing, anti-time functions as an active, non-metric temporal layer that transforms unstable vacuum energy. The model operates through four stages: quantum energy targeting, controlled phase inversion, energy decoupling, and stabilization. These transformations convert virtual particle–antiparticle fluctuations into a persistent, non-attractive energy field consistent with the properties of dark energy. At the same time, the singularity is reinterpreted not as a point of divergence but as a quantum-regulated transitional zone. The model preserves energy conservation across virtual, vacuum, and anti-time domains and adheres to core quantum principles such as coherence and uncertainty. In contrast to scalar field or cosmological constant models, this approach links the emergence of dark energy to early-universe quantum transitions. By unifying phase dynamics with energy flow, anti-time provides a testable and coherent alternative to standard cosmological models. Specifically, it predicts observable anomalies in the cosmic microwave background—such as low-ℓ multipole alignments and phase coherence drifts—that may reflect anti-time’s regulatory influence on vacuum behavior.

Keywords

Thanks

Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor Erol Çilengir for his valuable suggestions and academic insights throughout the development of this study. I am also deeply thankful to Berk Sait Aydoğan, a physics student at Uludağ University, whose feedback on the mathematical formulations and their physical interpretations significantly contributed to strengthening the theoretical foundation of this work. My appreciation extends to Professor Mustafa Özsarı (Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Balıkesir University) for his constructive feedback regarding the theoretical boundaries of the proposed model. I am equally grateful to Associate Professor Gülsema Akıncı for her kind support during the manuscript preparation process. Special thanks go to Dr. Ali Fuat Baykız, Fatma Cantekin (Mechanical Engineering, ITU), Volkan Başaran, and Nisa Sarıgöllü (Ph.D. candidate, METU) for their valuable contributions and encouragement. I am deeply indebted to my mother, whose devoted care for my young children allowed me the time and focus needed to complete this work. I also wish to thank my family for their constant encouragement and moral support. In particular, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my father for his unwavering belief in me and continued support throughout this journey. My deepest thanks also go to my husband, Hüseyin Emre Bertan, for standing beside me with his steadfast support and confidence. Finally, I am profoundly thankful to Duygu Çağlayan, Kadir Akıncı, Hasan Akıncı, İrem Akıncı, Efe Akıncı, Çiğdem Ateş, Ömer Başar Sönmez, Yasemin Sönmez for their emotional support. This work is dedicated to my beloved sons, Zaman and Yaman.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Astroparticle Physics and Particle Cosmology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gizem Bertan ^*
0009-0009-8555-9690
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

October 28, 2024

Acceptance Date

September 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 46 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1574774

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA46NU22WY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bertan, G. (2025). The Origin of Dark Energy: The Role of Interactions Between Imaginary and Anti-Time Dimensions. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 46(3), 621-643. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1574774