Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 22 - 43, 31.01.2017
Öz
Kaynakça
- Anthes, R.A., (1977). Acumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1423-1438.
- Bozkurt D. and Sen O.L., (2011). Precipitation in the Anatolian Peninsula: sensitivity to increased SSTs in the surrounding seas. Clim Dyn 36 (3–4):711–726.
- Bozkurt D., Turuncoglu U., Sen O.L., Onol B. and Dalfes H.N., (2012). Downscaled simulations of the ECHAM5, CCSM3 and HadCM3global models for the eastern Mediterranean– Black Sea region: evaluation of the reference period. Clim Dyn 39(1–2):207–225.
- Bozkurt D. and Sen O.L., (2013). Climate change impacts in the Euphrates–Tigris Basin based on different model and scenario simulations. J Hydrol 480:149–161.
- Bozkurt D., Sen O.L. and Hagemann, S., (2015). Projected river discharge in the Euphrates. Tigris Basin from a hydrological discharge model forced with RCM and GCM outputs. Clim Res, Vol. 62: 131–147, 2015, doi: 10.3354/cr01268.
- Black E., Brayshaw D. and Rambeau C., (2010) Past, present and future precipitation in the Middle East: insights from models and observations. Philos Trans R Soc A 368:5173–5184.
- CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, (2013). Retrieved September 12, 2013, from http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/index.html
- Demir, İ. (2011). Bölgesel iklim modeli projeksiyonları, ECHAM5-B1 (Regional Climate Model Projections). In: 5th Atmospheric Science Symposium Proceedings Book: ITU, 27- 29 April 2011, İstanbul – Turkey.
- Demir, Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A., Demircan, M. ve Akçakaya, A., (2013). Temperature And Precipitation Projections According To RCP4.5 Scenario, III. Turkey Climate Change Conference (TİKDEK 2013), 3 - 5 June, 2013 İstanbul, Turkey (Turkish).
- Demircan,M, Arabaci, H., Bölük, E., Akçakaya, A., And Ekici, M., (2013). Climate Normal’s:Relationship and Spatial Distribution of Three Normal’s, III. Turkey Climate Change Conference (TİKDEK 2013), 3 - 5 June, 2013 İstanbul, Turkey (Turkish).
- Demircan, M., Demir, Ö., Atay, H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A. ve Akçakaya, A., (2014). Climate Change Projections for Turkey with New Scenarios. The Climate Change and Climate Dynamics Conference-2014 – CCCD2014, October 8-10, Istanbul, Turkey [a].
- Demircan, M., Demir,Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A., Gürkan., H. and Akçakaya, A., (2014). Climate Change Projections in Turkey with New Scenarios, TUCAUM VIII. Geography Symposium, Ankara University Turkey Geography Research Center, October 23-24, 2014, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish) [b].
- Demircan, M., Demir,Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A., Gürkan., H. and Akçakaya, A., (2014). Climate Change Projections in Turkey’s River Basin with New Scenarios, TUCAUM VIII. Geography Symposium, Ankara University Turkey Geography Research Center, October 23-24, 2014, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish) [c].
- Demircan, M., Çiçek, İ., Türkoğlu,N., Ekici, M., and Arabacı, H., (2014). Relationship Between Homogeneity Breaking Points in Average Temperatures And Climate Index, TUCAUM VIII. Geography Symposium, Ankara University Turkey Geography Research Center, October 23-24, 2014, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish) [d].
- Demiroğlu, O.C 2016., Climate Change Vulnerability Of Ski Tourism In Germany And Turkey, Istanbul Policy Center–Sabancı University–Stiftung Mercator Initiative, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Dickinson, R., Henderson-Sellers, A. and Kennedy, P., (1993). Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (bats) version 1e as coupled to the NCAR community climate model, Technical report, National Center for Atmospheric Research.
- Emanuel, K.A., and M. Zivkovic-Rothman, (1999). Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1766-1782.
- Evans J. P., (2009). 21st century climate change in the Middle East, Clim. Change, 92, 417–432.
- Fujihara Y., K. Tanaka, T. Watanabe, T. Nagano, T. Kojiri, (2008). Assessing the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Seyhan River Basin in Turkey: Use of dynamically downscaled data for hydrologic simulations, J. of Hydro., 353, 33– 48.
- Gao X., and Giorgi F., (2008). Increased aridity in the Mediterranean region under greenhouse gas forcing estimated from high resolution simulations with a regional climate model. Global Planet. Change, 62, 195–209.
- Giorgi, F., Marinucci M.R., and Bates G.T., (1993a). Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2), I, Boundary layer and radiative transfer processes, Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2794-2813.
- Giorgi, F., Marinucci M.R., De Canio G., and G.T. Bates, (1993b). Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2), II, Convective processes and assimilation of lateral boundary conditions, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 2814- 2832.
- Grell, G.,(1993). Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations, Mon. Wea. Rev.Grell, G.A., J. Dudhia and D.R. Stauffer (1995). A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5), NCAR/TN-398+STR, pp. 122.
- Gürkan., H., Demir,Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Demircan, M., Yazici, B., Kocatürk, A., and Akçakaya, A., (2015). Temperature and Precipitation Projections According to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Scenario of MPI-ESM-MR Model, VII. Atmospheric Science Symposium, April 28-30, 2015 İstanbul Technical University, 29 April 2015 İstanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey (Turkish).
- Gürkan, H., Bayraktar, N., Bulut, h., Koçak, N., Eskioğlu, O., ve Demircan, M 2016., The Effect Of Climate factors On The Yield Of Sunflower And Sunflower Yield Predictions Based On Climate Change Projections: Example Of Marmara Region, 19th International Sunflower Conference, May 29 to June 3, Edirne, Turkey.
- Hemming D., Buontempo C., Burke E., Collins M. and Kaye N., (2010). How uncertain are climate model projections of water availability indicators across the Middle East, Phil. Trans. R. S°C. A, 368, 5117-5135.
- Hsie, E.Y., R.A. Anthes, and D. Keyser, (1984). Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2581-2594.
- Holtslag, A., de Bruijn, E., and Pan, H. L., (1990). A high resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1561–1575.
- IPCC (2007). Towards New Scenarios for Analysis of Emissions, Climate Change, impacts, and Response Strategies: IPCC Expert Meeting Report, September, 2007, Netherlands.
- IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cam bridge University Press, 2013, http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf
- IPCC (2013). Definition of Terms Used within the DDC Pages, Retrieved June 17, 2013, from http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/definitions.html
- Kiehl, J., Hack, J., Bonan, G., Boville, B., Breigleb, B., Williamson, D., and Rasch, P. (1996). Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3). NCAR Technical Note, NCAR / TN-420+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research.
- Kitoh, A., A. Yatagai, P. Alpert, (2008). First super-high-resolution model projection that the ancient Fertile Crescent will disappear in this century. Hydrol. Res. Lett., 2, 1–4.
- Lin, S. J., (2004). A vertically Lagrangian finite-volume dynamical core for global models, Monthly Weather Review, 132, 2293-2307. MetOficce, Met Office climate prediction model: HadGEM2 family, Retrieved April 24, 2014, from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/modelling-systems/unified-model/climate-models/hadgem2
- Önol, B. and Semazzi FHM, (2009). Regionalization of climate change simulations over the eastern Mediterranean. J Climate 2009; 22, 1944–61.
- Önol, B., (2012). Understanding the coastal effects on climate by using high resolution regional climate simulation. Clim Res 52:159–174.
- Önol B and Unal YS., (2012). Assessment of climate change simulations over climate zones of Turkey. Reg Environ Change. doi:10.1007/s10113-012-0335-0.
- Önol B., (2012). Effects of Coastal Topography on Climate: High-Resolution Simulation with a Regional Climate Model, Clim. Research, doi: 10.3354/cr01077.
- Önol, B., Bozkurt, D., Turuncoglu, U.U., Sen, O.L., and Dalfes H.N., (2013). Evaluation of the twenty-first century RCM simulations driven by multiple GCMs over the Eastern Mediterranean–Black Sea region, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, Clim Dyn (2014) 42:1949–1965, DOI 10.1007/s00382-013-1966-7.
- Ozdoğan M., (2011). Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates–Tigris basin. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 15:2789–2803Pal JS.
- Ozturk, T., Türkeş M. and Kurnaz, M.L., (2014). Analysing Projected Changes in Future Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatology of Turkey by Using RegCM4.3.5 Climate Simulations, Aegean Geographical Journal, 20/1 (2011), 17-27, Izmir—TURKEY.
- Ozturk, T., Turp, M.T., Türkeş M., Kurnaz, M.L., (2016). Projected changes in temperature and precipitation climatology of Central Asia CORDEX Region 8 by using RegCM4.3.5, Atmospheric Research 183 (2017) 296–307.
- Pal, J., Small, E. and Eltahir, E., (2000). Simulation of regional-scale water and energy budgets: Representation of subgrid cloud and precipitation processes within RegCM, J Geophys Res-Atmospheres.
- Pal J.S., Giorgi F., Bi X. et al, (2006). The ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET: regional climate modeling for the developing World. Bull Am Meteorol Soc.
- SCT-2015, State of the Climate in Turkey in 2015, Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), January 2016, Ankara, Turkey.
- Sen OL, Unal A, Bozkurt D, Kindap T, (2011). Temporal changes in the Euphrates and Tigris discharges and teleconnections. Environ Res Lett 6:024012 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024012.
- SNCT, Sixth National Communication of Turkey under the UNFCCC (SNCT), The Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation, 2016, Ankara, Turkey.
- TECCWRP, The Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources Project Report (TECCWRP), The Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Water Management (GDWM), June 2016, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish).
- TFNC, Turkey’s Fifth National Communication under the UNFCCC (TFNC), The Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation, 2013, Ankara, Turkey.
- TR2015-CC, Turkey Climate Projections with New Scenario’s and Climate Change (TR2015-CC), The Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), April 2015, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish).
- Turunçoğlu, U. U., Önol, B., Bozkurt D., (2007).Regional Climate Change Projections with Dynamic Models, Symposium on Climate Change and Forestry in the Solution of Water Problems, 13-14 December 2007, İstanbul (Turkish).
- Turp, M.T., Ozturk, T., Türkeş M. and Kurnaz, M.L., (2014). Investigation of Projected Changes for Near Future Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatology of Turkey and Surrounding Regions by Using the Regional Climate Model RegCM4.3.5, Aegean Geographical Journal, 23/1 (2014), 1-24, Izmir—TURKEY.
- Ünal, Y., Acar, M., Çağlar, F. and Incecik S 2016., Comparing High Resolution Climate Simulations Driven By HadGEM2-ES and MPI-ES-MR Over Turkey For Present And Future, 5th International Conference on Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean, March 2 - 4, 2015, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Yıldırım, M., U., Demircan, M., Özdemir, F., A. ve Sarıhan, E., O 2016., Effect of Climate Change on Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Production Area, 11th Field Crops Congress, 7-10 September – Troia Culture Center, Çanakkale, Turkey.
- Zeng, X., Zhao, M. and Dickinson, R. E., (1998). Intercomparison of bulk aerodynamic algoriths for the computation of sea surface fluxes using toga coare and tao data, Journal of Climate.
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 22 - 43, 31.01.2017
Öz
“A scenario is a coherent, internally consistent and plausible description of a possible future state of the world”. The name “representative concentration pathways – RCP’s” are referred to as pathways in order to emphasize that their primary purpose is to provide time-dependent projections of atmospheric greenhouse gasses (GHGs) concentrations. In this study, it is intended to reveal the possibilities of future climate change for Turkey and its surrounding region. HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR and GFDL-ESM2M Global Circulation Models’ RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios outputs were used in the study. Temperature and precipitation projections were produced from these outputs, based on domain with 20 km resolution, covering period between 2016 and 2099 and using regional climate model RegCM4.3.4 and with dynamic downscaling method. According to the models results, it is expected that an increase between 1°C and 6°C in mean temperatures of Turkey. In generally precipitation amount shows a decreasing except winter season. Although there is no regular decreasing or increasing trend throughout projection period, it attracts more attention irregularity of precipitation regime.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anthes, R.A., (1977). Acumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1423-1438.
- Bozkurt D. and Sen O.L., (2011). Precipitation in the Anatolian Peninsula: sensitivity to increased SSTs in the surrounding seas. Clim Dyn 36 (3–4):711–726.
- Bozkurt D., Turuncoglu U., Sen O.L., Onol B. and Dalfes H.N., (2012). Downscaled simulations of the ECHAM5, CCSM3 and HadCM3global models for the eastern Mediterranean– Black Sea region: evaluation of the reference period. Clim Dyn 39(1–2):207–225.
- Bozkurt D. and Sen O.L., (2013). Climate change impacts in the Euphrates–Tigris Basin based on different model and scenario simulations. J Hydrol 480:149–161.
- Bozkurt D., Sen O.L. and Hagemann, S., (2015). Projected river discharge in the Euphrates. Tigris Basin from a hydrological discharge model forced with RCM and GCM outputs. Clim Res, Vol. 62: 131–147, 2015, doi: 10.3354/cr01268.
- Black E., Brayshaw D. and Rambeau C., (2010) Past, present and future precipitation in the Middle East: insights from models and observations. Philos Trans R Soc A 368:5173–5184.
- CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, (2013). Retrieved September 12, 2013, from http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/index.html
- Demir, İ. (2011). Bölgesel iklim modeli projeksiyonları, ECHAM5-B1 (Regional Climate Model Projections). In: 5th Atmospheric Science Symposium Proceedings Book: ITU, 27- 29 April 2011, İstanbul – Turkey.
- Demir, Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A., Demircan, M. ve Akçakaya, A., (2013). Temperature And Precipitation Projections According To RCP4.5 Scenario, III. Turkey Climate Change Conference (TİKDEK 2013), 3 - 5 June, 2013 İstanbul, Turkey (Turkish).
- Demircan,M, Arabaci, H., Bölük, E., Akçakaya, A., And Ekici, M., (2013). Climate Normal’s:Relationship and Spatial Distribution of Three Normal’s, III. Turkey Climate Change Conference (TİKDEK 2013), 3 - 5 June, 2013 İstanbul, Turkey (Turkish).
- Demircan, M., Demir, Ö., Atay, H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A. ve Akçakaya, A., (2014). Climate Change Projections for Turkey with New Scenarios. The Climate Change and Climate Dynamics Conference-2014 – CCCD2014, October 8-10, Istanbul, Turkey [a].
- Demircan, M., Demir,Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A., Gürkan., H. and Akçakaya, A., (2014). Climate Change Projections in Turkey with New Scenarios, TUCAUM VIII. Geography Symposium, Ankara University Turkey Geography Research Center, October 23-24, 2014, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish) [b].
- Demircan, M., Demir,Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Tüvan, A., Gürkan., H. and Akçakaya, A., (2014). Climate Change Projections in Turkey’s River Basin with New Scenarios, TUCAUM VIII. Geography Symposium, Ankara University Turkey Geography Research Center, October 23-24, 2014, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish) [c].
- Demircan, M., Çiçek, İ., Türkoğlu,N., Ekici, M., and Arabacı, H., (2014). Relationship Between Homogeneity Breaking Points in Average Temperatures And Climate Index, TUCAUM VIII. Geography Symposium, Ankara University Turkey Geography Research Center, October 23-24, 2014, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish) [d].
- Demiroğlu, O.C 2016., Climate Change Vulnerability Of Ski Tourism In Germany And Turkey, Istanbul Policy Center–Sabancı University–Stiftung Mercator Initiative, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Dickinson, R., Henderson-Sellers, A. and Kennedy, P., (1993). Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (bats) version 1e as coupled to the NCAR community climate model, Technical report, National Center for Atmospheric Research.
- Emanuel, K.A., and M. Zivkovic-Rothman, (1999). Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1766-1782.
- Evans J. P., (2009). 21st century climate change in the Middle East, Clim. Change, 92, 417–432.
- Fujihara Y., K. Tanaka, T. Watanabe, T. Nagano, T. Kojiri, (2008). Assessing the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Seyhan River Basin in Turkey: Use of dynamically downscaled data for hydrologic simulations, J. of Hydro., 353, 33– 48.
- Gao X., and Giorgi F., (2008). Increased aridity in the Mediterranean region under greenhouse gas forcing estimated from high resolution simulations with a regional climate model. Global Planet. Change, 62, 195–209.
- Giorgi, F., Marinucci M.R., and Bates G.T., (1993a). Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2), I, Boundary layer and radiative transfer processes, Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2794-2813.
- Giorgi, F., Marinucci M.R., De Canio G., and G.T. Bates, (1993b). Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2), II, Convective processes and assimilation of lateral boundary conditions, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 2814- 2832.
- Grell, G.,(1993). Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations, Mon. Wea. Rev.Grell, G.A., J. Dudhia and D.R. Stauffer (1995). A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5), NCAR/TN-398+STR, pp. 122.
- Gürkan., H., Demir,Ö., Atay,H., Eskioğlu, O., Demircan, M., Yazici, B., Kocatürk, A., and Akçakaya, A., (2015). Temperature and Precipitation Projections According to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Scenario of MPI-ESM-MR Model, VII. Atmospheric Science Symposium, April 28-30, 2015 İstanbul Technical University, 29 April 2015 İstanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey (Turkish).
- Gürkan, H., Bayraktar, N., Bulut, h., Koçak, N., Eskioğlu, O., ve Demircan, M 2016., The Effect Of Climate factors On The Yield Of Sunflower And Sunflower Yield Predictions Based On Climate Change Projections: Example Of Marmara Region, 19th International Sunflower Conference, May 29 to June 3, Edirne, Turkey.
- Hemming D., Buontempo C., Burke E., Collins M. and Kaye N., (2010). How uncertain are climate model projections of water availability indicators across the Middle East, Phil. Trans. R. S°C. A, 368, 5117-5135.
- Hsie, E.Y., R.A. Anthes, and D. Keyser, (1984). Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2581-2594.
- Holtslag, A., de Bruijn, E., and Pan, H. L., (1990). A high resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1561–1575.
- IPCC (2007). Towards New Scenarios for Analysis of Emissions, Climate Change, impacts, and Response Strategies: IPCC Expert Meeting Report, September, 2007, Netherlands.
- IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cam bridge University Press, 2013, http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf
- IPCC (2013). Definition of Terms Used within the DDC Pages, Retrieved June 17, 2013, from http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/definitions.html
- Kiehl, J., Hack, J., Bonan, G., Boville, B., Breigleb, B., Williamson, D., and Rasch, P. (1996). Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3). NCAR Technical Note, NCAR / TN-420+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research.
- Kitoh, A., A. Yatagai, P. Alpert, (2008). First super-high-resolution model projection that the ancient Fertile Crescent will disappear in this century. Hydrol. Res. Lett., 2, 1–4.
- Lin, S. J., (2004). A vertically Lagrangian finite-volume dynamical core for global models, Monthly Weather Review, 132, 2293-2307. MetOficce, Met Office climate prediction model: HadGEM2 family, Retrieved April 24, 2014, from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/modelling-systems/unified-model/climate-models/hadgem2
- Önol, B. and Semazzi FHM, (2009). Regionalization of climate change simulations over the eastern Mediterranean. J Climate 2009; 22, 1944–61.
- Önol, B., (2012). Understanding the coastal effects on climate by using high resolution regional climate simulation. Clim Res 52:159–174.
- Önol B and Unal YS., (2012). Assessment of climate change simulations over climate zones of Turkey. Reg Environ Change. doi:10.1007/s10113-012-0335-0.
- Önol B., (2012). Effects of Coastal Topography on Climate: High-Resolution Simulation with a Regional Climate Model, Clim. Research, doi: 10.3354/cr01077.
- Önol, B., Bozkurt, D., Turuncoglu, U.U., Sen, O.L., and Dalfes H.N., (2013). Evaluation of the twenty-first century RCM simulations driven by multiple GCMs over the Eastern Mediterranean–Black Sea region, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, Clim Dyn (2014) 42:1949–1965, DOI 10.1007/s00382-013-1966-7.
- Ozdoğan M., (2011). Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates–Tigris basin. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 15:2789–2803Pal JS.
- Ozturk, T., Türkeş M. and Kurnaz, M.L., (2014). Analysing Projected Changes in Future Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatology of Turkey by Using RegCM4.3.5 Climate Simulations, Aegean Geographical Journal, 20/1 (2011), 17-27, Izmir—TURKEY.
- Ozturk, T., Turp, M.T., Türkeş M., Kurnaz, M.L., (2016). Projected changes in temperature and precipitation climatology of Central Asia CORDEX Region 8 by using RegCM4.3.5, Atmospheric Research 183 (2017) 296–307.
- Pal, J., Small, E. and Eltahir, E., (2000). Simulation of regional-scale water and energy budgets: Representation of subgrid cloud and precipitation processes within RegCM, J Geophys Res-Atmospheres.
- Pal J.S., Giorgi F., Bi X. et al, (2006). The ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET: regional climate modeling for the developing World. Bull Am Meteorol Soc.
- SCT-2015, State of the Climate in Turkey in 2015, Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), January 2016, Ankara, Turkey.
- Sen OL, Unal A, Bozkurt D, Kindap T, (2011). Temporal changes in the Euphrates and Tigris discharges and teleconnections. Environ Res Lett 6:024012 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024012.
- SNCT, Sixth National Communication of Turkey under the UNFCCC (SNCT), The Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation, 2016, Ankara, Turkey.
- TECCWRP, The Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources Project Report (TECCWRP), The Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Water Management (GDWM), June 2016, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish).
- TFNC, Turkey’s Fifth National Communication under the UNFCCC (TFNC), The Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation, 2013, Ankara, Turkey.
- TR2015-CC, Turkey Climate Projections with New Scenario’s and Climate Change (TR2015-CC), The Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), April 2015, Ankara, Turkey (Turkish).
- Turunçoğlu, U. U., Önol, B., Bozkurt D., (2007).Regional Climate Change Projections with Dynamic Models, Symposium on Climate Change and Forestry in the Solution of Water Problems, 13-14 December 2007, İstanbul (Turkish).
- Turp, M.T., Ozturk, T., Türkeş M. and Kurnaz, M.L., (2014). Investigation of Projected Changes for Near Future Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatology of Turkey and Surrounding Regions by Using the Regional Climate Model RegCM4.3.5, Aegean Geographical Journal, 23/1 (2014), 1-24, Izmir—TURKEY.
- Ünal, Y., Acar, M., Çağlar, F. and Incecik S 2016., Comparing High Resolution Climate Simulations Driven By HadGEM2-ES and MPI-ES-MR Over Turkey For Present And Future, 5th International Conference on Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean, March 2 - 4, 2015, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Yıldırım, M., U., Demircan, M., Özdemir, F., A. ve Sarıhan, E., O 2016., Effect of Climate Change on Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Production Area, 11th Field Crops Congress, 7-10 September – Troia Culture Center, Çanakkale, Turkey.
- Zeng, X., Zhao, M. and Dickinson, R. E., (1998). Intercomparison of bulk aerodynamic algoriths for the computation of sea surface fluxes using toga coare and tao data, Journal of Climate.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | TÜRKİYE SU BİLİMLERİ VE YÖNETİMİ DERGİSİ |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ocak 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 |
