Öz
Lamiaceae is the third largest family based on the taxon
number and fourth largest family based on the species number in Turkey. The family has 48 genera and 782
taxa (603 species, 179 subspecies and varieties), 346 taxa (271 species, 75
subspecies and varieties) of which are endemic (ca. 44%) (data updated 1th February
2017) in the country. There are also 23 hybrid species, 19 of which are endemic
(82%). The
results proven that Turkey is one of the centers of diversity for Lamiaceae in
the Old World. In addition, Turkey has about 10% of all Lamiaceae members in
the World.
The
largest five genera in the country based on the taxon number are Stachys (118
taxa), Salvia (107 taxa), Sideritis (54
taxa), Phlomis (53 taxa) and Teucrium (49
taxa). According to taxon number, five genera with the highest endemism ratio are Dorystaechas (1 taxon, 100%), Lophantus (1 taxon, 100%), Sideritis (54 taxa, 74%), Drymosiphon (9 taxa, 67%), and Marrubium (27 taxa, 63%). There
are two monotypic genera in Turkey as Dorystaechas and Pentapleura. Turkey sits on the junction of three
phytogeographic regions with highly diverse climate and the other ecologic
features. Phytogeographic distribution of Turkish Lamiaceae taxa are 293 taxa
in the Mediterranean (37.4%), 267 taxa in the Irano-Turanian (36.7%), 90 taxa
in the Euro-Siberian (Circumboreal) phytogeographic region, and 112 taxa in
Unknown or Multiregional (14.3%) phytogeographical elements. In the
Mediterranean phytogeographic region 61% of the taxa, in the Irano-Turanian
phytogeographic region 50% of the taxa, and in the Euro-Siberian (Circumboreal)
phytogeographic region 13% of the taxa are endemic. Some endemic taxa are
widely distributed in the country, so their phytogeograhic elements are not
clearly defined, the endemism ratio of these taxa are 13%. In time, species of
Lamiaceae genera are migrated from one phytogeographic region to another one
and specialised in specific habitats in the country. Salvia, Stachys,
Sideritis, Phlomis, Teucrium, Thymus, Nepeta, Scutellaria, Origanum and Marrubium are species rich
genera in Turkey. Particulary, most of Old Wold species of Salvia, Stachys, Origanum,
Marrubium, Ballota, Lamium and Drymosiphon
naturally
grow in Turkey. These genera have also quite high endemism ratio with Phlomis, Scutellaria,
Thymus, Nepeta and Satureja. Due to high taxon
number and endemism ratio, different habitats, climates and soil types, high
altitutinal range and diverse pollinators, it is clear that Turkey is a very
good example for evolution and speciation of Lamiaceae family in the Old World.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Avcı, M. (1996). The floristic regions of Turkey and a geographical approach for Anatolian diagonal, Review of the Department of Geography, University of Istanbul, 3, 59-91.
- Barber, J. C., Finch, C. C., Francisco-Ortega J., Santos-Guerra A. & Jansen R. K. (2007). Hybridization in Macaronesian Sideritis (Lamiaceae): evidence from incongruence of multiple independent nuclear and chloroplast sequence datasets. Taxon, 56, 74-88.
- Celep, F. 2017. Lamium bilgilii (Lamiaceae), a new species from South-western Turkey (Burdur-Muğla). Phytotaxa, 312, 263-270.
- Davis, P. H. (Ed.) (1965). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1, Edinburgh: University Press.
- Davis, P. H. (1971). Distribution Patterns in Anatolia with Particular Reference to Endemism, in Plant Life of South West
- Asia, P. H. Davis (Ed.), pp. 15–27, Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
- Davis, P.H. (1975). Turkey: Present State of Floristic Knowledge. Coll Int C N R S. 235, 93-113.
- Davis, P. H. (ed.) (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Volume 7. Edinburgh: University Press.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 10. Edinburgh: University Press.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 11. Edinburgh: University Press.
- Dirmenci, T., Yıldız, B., Hedge, I. C., Fırat, M. (2010). Lophantus (Lamiaceae) in Turkey: a new generic record and a new species. Turkish Journal of Botany, 34, 123-129.
- Drew, B., Gonzáles-Gallegos, J. G., Xiang, C. L., Kriebel, R., Drummond, C. P., Walker, J. B. and Systsma K. J. 2017. Salvia united: The greatest good for the greatest number. Taxon, 66, 133-145.
- Duman, H. & Dirmenci, T. 2017. A new species of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) from Köyceğiz (Muğla, southwest of Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 41, 383-391.
- Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K. H. C. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Supplement 2), Vol. 11, University Press, Edinburgh.
- Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (edlr.) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul.
- Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A., Cantino, P.H., Conn, B., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T.,Morales, A., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T.( 2004). Labiatae. In: Kadereit, J.W. (ed.). The families and genera of vascular plants (Kubitzki, K.: ed.). Volume 7, pp. 167-275
- Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (1986). Med-Checklist, volume 3. Geneva: Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques., Ietswaart, J. H. (1980). A taxonomic revision of the genus Origanum (Labiatae). Leiden Botanical Series. No. 4. Netherlands: Leiden University Press.
- Li, B., Cantino, P. D., Olmstead, R. G., Bramley, G. L. C., Xiang, C. L., Ma, Z. H., Tan, Y. H. & Zhang, D. X. (2016). A large- scale chloroplast phylogeny of the Lamiaceae sheds new light on its subfamilial classification. Scientific Reports, 6, 34343.
- Li, B. & Olmstead, R. G. (2017). Two new subfamilies in Lamiaceae. Phytotaxa, 313, 222-226.
- Manafzadeh, S., Salvo, G. and Conti, E. (2014). A tale of migrations from east to west: the Irano-Turanian floristic region as a source of Mediterranean xerophytes. Journal of Biogeography, 41, 366–379. doi:10.1111/jbi.12185
- Mathiesen, C., Scheen, A. C., Linqvist, C. (2011). Phylogeny and biogeography of the lamioid genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae).Kew Bulletin, 66, 93-99.
- Serpooshan, F., Jamzad, Z. Nejadsattari, T., Mehregan, I. (2017). Molecular phylogenetics of Hymenocrater and allies (Lamiaceae): New insights from nrITS, plastid trnL intron and trnL-F intergenic spacer DNA sequences. Nordic Journal of Botany, doi: [10.1111/njb.01600].
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org [accessed 1 February 2017].
- The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 1st February 2017).
- Thompson, J.D. (2005). Plant evolution in the Mediterranean. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Will, M., Schmalz, N., Classen-Bockhoff, C.( 2015). Towards a new classification of Salvia s.l.: (re)establishing the genus Pleudia Raf. Turkish Journal of Botany, 39, 693-707.
- Will, M. & Classen-Bockhoff, R. (2017). Time to split Salvia s.l. (Lamiaceae) - New insights from Old World Salvia phylogeny. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 109, 33-58.
- Zohary, M. (1973). Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. volume 2, Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer.
Öz
Kaynakça
- Avcı, M. (1996). The floristic regions of Turkey and a geographical approach for Anatolian diagonal, Review of the Department of Geography, University of Istanbul, 3, 59-91.
- Barber, J. C., Finch, C. C., Francisco-Ortega J., Santos-Guerra A. & Jansen R. K. (2007). Hybridization in Macaronesian Sideritis (Lamiaceae): evidence from incongruence of multiple independent nuclear and chloroplast sequence datasets. Taxon, 56, 74-88.
- Celep, F. 2017. Lamium bilgilii (Lamiaceae), a new species from South-western Turkey (Burdur-Muğla). Phytotaxa, 312, 263-270.
- Davis, P. H. (Ed.) (1965). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1, Edinburgh: University Press.
- Davis, P. H. (1971). Distribution Patterns in Anatolia with Particular Reference to Endemism, in Plant Life of South West
- Asia, P. H. Davis (Ed.), pp. 15–27, Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
- Davis, P.H. (1975). Turkey: Present State of Floristic Knowledge. Coll Int C N R S. 235, 93-113.
- Davis, P. H. (ed.) (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Volume 7. Edinburgh: University Press.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 10. Edinburgh: University Press.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 11. Edinburgh: University Press.
- Dirmenci, T., Yıldız, B., Hedge, I. C., Fırat, M. (2010). Lophantus (Lamiaceae) in Turkey: a new generic record and a new species. Turkish Journal of Botany, 34, 123-129.
- Drew, B., Gonzáles-Gallegos, J. G., Xiang, C. L., Kriebel, R., Drummond, C. P., Walker, J. B. and Systsma K. J. 2017. Salvia united: The greatest good for the greatest number. Taxon, 66, 133-145.
- Duman, H. & Dirmenci, T. 2017. A new species of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) from Köyceğiz (Muğla, southwest of Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 41, 383-391.
- Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K. H. C. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Supplement 2), Vol. 11, University Press, Edinburgh.
- Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (edlr.) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul.
- Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A., Cantino, P.H., Conn, B., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T.,Morales, A., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T.( 2004). Labiatae. In: Kadereit, J.W. (ed.). The families and genera of vascular plants (Kubitzki, K.: ed.). Volume 7, pp. 167-275
- Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (1986). Med-Checklist, volume 3. Geneva: Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques., Ietswaart, J. H. (1980). A taxonomic revision of the genus Origanum (Labiatae). Leiden Botanical Series. No. 4. Netherlands: Leiden University Press.
- Li, B., Cantino, P. D., Olmstead, R. G., Bramley, G. L. C., Xiang, C. L., Ma, Z. H., Tan, Y. H. & Zhang, D. X. (2016). A large- scale chloroplast phylogeny of the Lamiaceae sheds new light on its subfamilial classification. Scientific Reports, 6, 34343.
- Li, B. & Olmstead, R. G. (2017). Two new subfamilies in Lamiaceae. Phytotaxa, 313, 222-226.
- Manafzadeh, S., Salvo, G. and Conti, E. (2014). A tale of migrations from east to west: the Irano-Turanian floristic region as a source of Mediterranean xerophytes. Journal of Biogeography, 41, 366–379. doi:10.1111/jbi.12185
- Mathiesen, C., Scheen, A. C., Linqvist, C. (2011). Phylogeny and biogeography of the lamioid genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae).Kew Bulletin, 66, 93-99.
- Serpooshan, F., Jamzad, Z. Nejadsattari, T., Mehregan, I. (2017). Molecular phylogenetics of Hymenocrater and allies (Lamiaceae): New insights from nrITS, plastid trnL intron and trnL-F intergenic spacer DNA sequences. Nordic Journal of Botany, doi: [10.1111/njb.01600].
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org [accessed 1 February 2017].
- The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 1st February 2017).
- Thompson, J.D. (2005). Plant evolution in the Mediterranean. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Will, M., Schmalz, N., Classen-Bockhoff, C.( 2015). Towards a new classification of Salvia s.l.: (re)establishing the genus Pleudia Raf. Turkish Journal of Botany, 39, 693-707.
- Will, M. & Classen-Bockhoff, R. (2017). Time to split Salvia s.l. (Lamiaceae) - New insights from Old World Salvia phylogeny. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 109, 33-58.
- Zohary, M. (1973). Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. volume 2, Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Reviews |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4 |
