Araştırma Makalesi
Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Sahil Otoyol Çevresindeki Karayosunlarında Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Analizleri
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı; Giresun-Samsun otoyol çevresindeki karayosunları kullanılarak Trafik kaynaklı ağır metal kirliliğini belirleyebilmektir. Karayosunları, ağır metalleri biriktirebilme yeteneğinden dolayı, ağır metal hava kirliliğinin belirlenmesinde oldukça uygun biyoindikatörlerdir. Türkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde yer alan Giresun-Samsun otoyolu çevresindeki karayosunlarının ağır metal analizleri InductivelyCoupledPlasma–MassSpectrometer (ICP-MS) cihazı kullanılarak belirlendi. Karayosunlarının kalitatif analizleri neticesinde Cr, Fe, Mn, V, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb ve Co olduğu belirlendi. Şehir merkezlerinden toplanan karayosunlarındaki konsantrasyon değerleri sırasıyla 15.12, 6087.31, 301.12, 27.80, 74.20, 38.48, 56.69, 19.40 ve 9.10, mg/kg olarak belirlenirken, şehirler arasından toplanan karayosunlarının ağır metal konsantrasyonları ise 15.56, 4751.23, 247.93, 28.03, 83.71, 33.72, 48.38, 17.20 ve 6,97 kg/kg olarak belirlendi. Genelde karayosunlarında, Krom(Cr), Demir(Fe), Mangan(Mn), Vanadyum(V), Çinko(Zn), Bakır(Cu), Nikel(Ni), Kurşun(Pb) ve Kobalt(Co)’ınkonsantrasyonlarının 2006 ve 2017 yılları arasında azaldığı görüldü. Fakat bu azalmaya rağmen karayosunlarındaki ağır metal konsantrasyonları hala yüksektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Giresun Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP)
Proje Numarası
FEN-BAP-A-010617-142
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma Giresun Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) koordinatörlüğü tarafından FEN-BAP-A-010617-142 numaralı proje ile finansal olarak desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Division of Toxicology, Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/.
- Communities of the European Commission, 2002. Commission Regulation (EC) 221/2002 of 6 February 2002 amending regulation (EC) No.466/2002 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official journal of the European Communities. Brussels, 6 February 2002; 2008.
- Dockery, D.W. 2001. Epidemiological evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109, 483–486.
- Frey, W., Frahm, J. P., Fischer, E., Lobin, W. 1985. Die MoosundFarnpfanzenEuropas. Stuttgart: G. Fischer.
- Garg, B.D., Cadle, S.H., Mulawa, P.A., Groblicki, P.J., Laroo, C. and Parr, G.A. 2000. Brake wear particulate matter emissions. Environmental Science & Technology, 34, 4463-4469.
- Harmens, H., Norris, D.A., Koerber, G.R., Buse, A., Steinnes, E., Ruhling, A. 2007. Temporal trends in the concentration of arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, vanadium and zinc in mosses across Europe between 1990 and 2000. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 6673-6687.
- Harmens, H., Norris, D.A., Koerber, G.R., Buse, A., Steinnes, E., Ruhling, A. 2008. Temporal trends (1990-2000) in the concentration of cadmium, lead, and mercury in mosses across Europa. Environmental Pollution, 151, 368-376.
- Herpin, U., Berlekamp, J., Markert, B., Wolterbeek, B., Grodzinska, K., Sievers, U., Lieth, H., Weckert, V. 1996. The distribution of heavy metals in a transect of the three states Netherlands, Germany and Poland determined with the aid of moss monitoring. Science of the Total Environment, 187, 185-198.
- http://www.cevreorman.gov.tr/moz (Accessed February 15, 2006).
- http://www.ekonomihaber7.com (Accessed March 8, 2018)
- http://www.tuik.gov.tr (Accessed February 28, 2018)
- Hulskotte, J.H.J., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Visschedijk, A.J.H., Schaap, M. 2007. Brake wear from vehicles as an important source of diffuse copper pollution. Water Science & Technology, 56, 223-231.
- IARC, 1993. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 58, Lyon, France.
- Ilyin, I., Travnikov, O. 2005. Modelling of Heavy Metal Airborne Pollution in Europa: Evaluation of the Model Performance. EMEP/MSC-E Technical Report 8/2005. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East, Moscow, Russian Federation. Available from:
- Koz, B., Cevik, U., Ozdemir, T., Duran, C., Kaya, S., Gundogdu, A. and Celik, N. 2008. Analysis of mosses along Sarp-Samsun highway in Turkey. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153; 646-654.
- Markert, B.A., Breure, A.M., Zechmeister, H.G. 2003. Bioindicators&Biomonitors, Principles, Concepts and Applications. London, 334.
- Massadeh, A.M. Snook, R.D. 2002. Determination of Pb and Cd in road dusts over the period in which Pb was removed from petrol in the UK. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 4, 567–572.
- Mukherjee, B., Patra, B., Mahapatra, S., Banerjee, P., Tiwari, A., Chatterjee, M. 2004. Vanadium-An elementof atypical biological significance. Toxicology Letters, 150, 135-143.
- Ozaki, H., Watanabe, I., Kuno, K. 2004. Investigation of the heavy metal sources in relation to automobiles. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 157, 209-223.
- Pedrotti, C. C. 2001. Flora Dei MuschiD’İtalia. Rome: Antonia DelfinoEditore.
- Sassman, S., Weidinger, M., Adlassnig, W., Hofhansl, F.,Bock, B.,Lang, I. 2015. Zinc and copper uptake in Physcomitrella patens: limitationsand effects on growth and morphology. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2015b, 118, 12-20.
- Smith, A. J. E. 2004. The moss flora of Britain and Ireland. Edinburgh: Cambridge University Press.
- Thorpe A., Harrison, R.M. 2008. Sources and properties of non-exhoust particulate matter from road traffic: a review, Science of the Total Environment, 400, 270-282.
- Thöni, L., Yurukova, L., Bergamini, A., Ilyin, I., Matthaei, D. 2011. Temporal trends and spatial patterns of heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Bulgaria and Switzerland: 1990-2005. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 1899-1912.
- Turkmen.M., Dura, N. 2016 Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in fish from south western black sea. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Science, 45(11), 1552-1559.
- U.S. Government. Control of emissions of hazrdous air pollutants from mobile sources; final rule. Federal register 40, CFR parts 80 and 86. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; 2001.
- Vanderpoorten, A., Goffinet, B. 2009. Introduction to bryophytes. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Westerlund, K.G., Johansson, C. 2002. Emissions of metals and particulate matter due to wear of brake linings in Stockholm. In: Brebbia, C.A., Martin-Duque, J.F.(Eds), Air Pollution X. WIT Press, Southampton, pp793-802.
- Wolterbeek, B. 2002. Biomonitoring of trace element air pollution: principles, possibilities and perspectives. Environmental Pollution, 120 (1), 11–21.
- World Health Organization ,1980. Environmental Health Criteria-Mangenese. Geneva: WHO; 1980b
- World Health Organization ,1988. Environmental Health Criteria 58- Chromium. Geneva: WHO; 1988a.
- World Health Organization ,1991. Environmental Health Criteria- Nickel. Geneva: WHO; 1991 a
- World Health Organization ,1992. Environmental Health Criteria- Cadmium. Geneva: WHO; 1992
- World Health Organization ,2001. Environmental Health Criteria- Zinc. Geneva: WHO; 2001 a
- Zechmeister, H. G., Grodzinska, K., &Szarek-Lukaszewska, G. Bryophytes. In B. A. Markert, A.M. Breure, & H. G. Zechmeister (Eds.), 2003. Bioindicators/biomonitors (principles, assessment, concepts) (pp. 329–374). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Zechmeister, H.G., Hohenwallner, D., Riss, A., Hanus-Illnar, A. 2005. Estimation of element deposition derived from roadtraffic sources by using mosses. Environmental Pollution, 138, 238-249.
Traffic Induced Heavy Metal Analysis in Mosses Around the Coastal Highway in the Eastern Black Sea Region
Öz
The aim of this study; To determine heavy metal pollution caused by traffic by using moss around Giresun-Samsun highway. Because of their ability to accumulate heavy metals, mosses are especially suitable to monitor heavy metal airborne pollution. The heavy metal analysis of mosses in the East Black Sea region of Turkey is determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) spectrometry method. A qualitative moss analysis has shown that the samples contained Cr, Fe, Mn, V, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb andCo. While the mean concentration values of Cr, Fe, Mn, V, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb ve Co. in the moss samples collected from city centers are determined 15.12, 6087.31, 301.12, 27.80, 74.20, 38.48, 56.69, 19.40 and 9.10, mg/kg mg/kg, the mean concentration values in the moss samples collected from the city intervals are found 15.56, 4751.23, 247.93, 28.03, 83.71, 33.72, 48.38, 17.20 ve 6.97 mg/kg, respectively. In general, the concentration of Chromium(Cr), Iron(Fe), Mangenese(Mn), Vanadium(V), Zinc(Zn), Copper(Cu), Nickel(Ni), Lead(Pb) and Cobalt(Co), in mosses decreased between 2006 and 2017. However, despite this decrease, heavy metal concentrations in mosses are still high.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
FEN-BAP-A-010617-142
Kaynakça
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Division of Toxicology, Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/.
- Communities of the European Commission, 2002. Commission Regulation (EC) 221/2002 of 6 February 2002 amending regulation (EC) No.466/2002 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official journal of the European Communities. Brussels, 6 February 2002; 2008.
- Dockery, D.W. 2001. Epidemiological evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109, 483–486.
- Frey, W., Frahm, J. P., Fischer, E., Lobin, W. 1985. Die MoosundFarnpfanzenEuropas. Stuttgart: G. Fischer.
- Garg, B.D., Cadle, S.H., Mulawa, P.A., Groblicki, P.J., Laroo, C. and Parr, G.A. 2000. Brake wear particulate matter emissions. Environmental Science & Technology, 34, 4463-4469.
- Harmens, H., Norris, D.A., Koerber, G.R., Buse, A., Steinnes, E., Ruhling, A. 2007. Temporal trends in the concentration of arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, vanadium and zinc in mosses across Europe between 1990 and 2000. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 6673-6687.
- Harmens, H., Norris, D.A., Koerber, G.R., Buse, A., Steinnes, E., Ruhling, A. 2008. Temporal trends (1990-2000) in the concentration of cadmium, lead, and mercury in mosses across Europa. Environmental Pollution, 151, 368-376.
- Herpin, U., Berlekamp, J., Markert, B., Wolterbeek, B., Grodzinska, K., Sievers, U., Lieth, H., Weckert, V. 1996. The distribution of heavy metals in a transect of the three states Netherlands, Germany and Poland determined with the aid of moss monitoring. Science of the Total Environment, 187, 185-198.
- http://www.cevreorman.gov.tr/moz (Accessed February 15, 2006).
- http://www.ekonomihaber7.com (Accessed March 8, 2018)
- http://www.tuik.gov.tr (Accessed February 28, 2018)
- Hulskotte, J.H.J., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Visschedijk, A.J.H., Schaap, M. 2007. Brake wear from vehicles as an important source of diffuse copper pollution. Water Science & Technology, 56, 223-231.
- IARC, 1993. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 58, Lyon, France.
- Ilyin, I., Travnikov, O. 2005. Modelling of Heavy Metal Airborne Pollution in Europa: Evaluation of the Model Performance. EMEP/MSC-E Technical Report 8/2005. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East, Moscow, Russian Federation. Available from:
- Koz, B., Cevik, U., Ozdemir, T., Duran, C., Kaya, S., Gundogdu, A. and Celik, N. 2008. Analysis of mosses along Sarp-Samsun highway in Turkey. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153; 646-654.
- Markert, B.A., Breure, A.M., Zechmeister, H.G. 2003. Bioindicators&Biomonitors, Principles, Concepts and Applications. London, 334.
- Massadeh, A.M. Snook, R.D. 2002. Determination of Pb and Cd in road dusts over the period in which Pb was removed from petrol in the UK. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 4, 567–572.
- Mukherjee, B., Patra, B., Mahapatra, S., Banerjee, P., Tiwari, A., Chatterjee, M. 2004. Vanadium-An elementof atypical biological significance. Toxicology Letters, 150, 135-143.
- Ozaki, H., Watanabe, I., Kuno, K. 2004. Investigation of the heavy metal sources in relation to automobiles. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 157, 209-223.
- Pedrotti, C. C. 2001. Flora Dei MuschiD’İtalia. Rome: Antonia DelfinoEditore.
- Sassman, S., Weidinger, M., Adlassnig, W., Hofhansl, F.,Bock, B.,Lang, I. 2015. Zinc and copper uptake in Physcomitrella patens: limitationsand effects on growth and morphology. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2015b, 118, 12-20.
- Smith, A. J. E. 2004. The moss flora of Britain and Ireland. Edinburgh: Cambridge University Press.
- Thorpe A., Harrison, R.M. 2008. Sources and properties of non-exhoust particulate matter from road traffic: a review, Science of the Total Environment, 400, 270-282.
- Thöni, L., Yurukova, L., Bergamini, A., Ilyin, I., Matthaei, D. 2011. Temporal trends and spatial patterns of heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Bulgaria and Switzerland: 1990-2005. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 1899-1912.
- Turkmen.M., Dura, N. 2016 Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in fish from south western black sea. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Science, 45(11), 1552-1559.
- U.S. Government. Control of emissions of hazrdous air pollutants from mobile sources; final rule. Federal register 40, CFR parts 80 and 86. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; 2001.
- Vanderpoorten, A., Goffinet, B. 2009. Introduction to bryophytes. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Westerlund, K.G., Johansson, C. 2002. Emissions of metals and particulate matter due to wear of brake linings in Stockholm. In: Brebbia, C.A., Martin-Duque, J.F.(Eds), Air Pollution X. WIT Press, Southampton, pp793-802.
- Wolterbeek, B. 2002. Biomonitoring of trace element air pollution: principles, possibilities and perspectives. Environmental Pollution, 120 (1), 11–21.
- World Health Organization ,1980. Environmental Health Criteria-Mangenese. Geneva: WHO; 1980b
- World Health Organization ,1988. Environmental Health Criteria 58- Chromium. Geneva: WHO; 1988a.
- World Health Organization ,1991. Environmental Health Criteria- Nickel. Geneva: WHO; 1991 a
- World Health Organization ,1992. Environmental Health Criteria- Cadmium. Geneva: WHO; 1992
- World Health Organization ,2001. Environmental Health Criteria- Zinc. Geneva: WHO; 2001 a
- Zechmeister, H. G., Grodzinska, K., &Szarek-Lukaszewska, G. Bryophytes. In B. A. Markert, A.M. Breure, & H. G. Zechmeister (Eds.), 2003. Bioindicators/biomonitors (principles, assessment, concepts) (pp. 329–374). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Zechmeister, H.G., Hohenwallner, D., Riss, A., Hanus-Illnar, A. 2005. Estimation of element deposition derived from roadtraffic sources by using mosses. Environmental Pollution, 138, 238-249.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | FEN-BAP-A-010617-142 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 15 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
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