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Serum Vitamin D Among Patients withType 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2022, Volume: 43 Issue: 3, 423 - 431, 30.09.2022

Shwan Ahmed , Aysel Sarı

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1048422

Abstract

Vitamin D supplements are a beneficial health issue to benefit from insulin therapy. In those with T2DM, serum vit-D was checked and resuscitated. Serum vit-D was evaluated with its rich content. Serum vit D levels were statistically significantly lower in T2DM patients than in the control group. It was found to be significant in terms of the relationship between fasting blood sugar and vit-D and HbA1C. Vit-D in sugar will be used as a benefit from vit-D in patients with blood T2DM patients. The mean±SD vit-D level was 19.22±9.23 for the whole population with a fasting blood glucose level of 110 mg/dl or less, and 12.21±6.15 for people with a fasting blood glucose level above 130 mg/dl, and p<0.001. The relationship between vit-D level and fasting blood sugar is statistically significant with negative pearson correlation coefficient. Vit-D mean±SD 20.46±8.56 for the entire population with an HbA1C level equal to or lower than 6.5%, and 12.84±6% for individuals with a fasting blood glucose level above 6.5%, is 26 and p<0.001. The strong relationship between vit-D and fasting blood glucose and HbA1C is due to the fact that vit-D tends to specifically stimulate insulin production in β-pancreatic cells via the nuclear vit-D receptor (VDR) and that vit-D minimizes inflammation. Vit-D supplements are a beneficial health challenge to benefit from insulin therapy. Serum vit-D was checked in patients with T2DM. The serum has been evaluated with its rich content of vit-D. Serum vit-D levels were statistically significantly lower in T2DM patients compared to the control group. It was found to be significant in terms of the relationship between fasting blood sugar and vit-D and HbA1C. Vit-D in sugar will be used as a benefit from vit-D in blood T2DM patients.
Keywords: Vitamin D, Serum, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Human.

Keywords

Vitamin D Serum Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Human.

References

  • [1] Adela R., Borkar R.M., Bhandi M.M., Vishwakarma Reddy P.N.C., Srinivas R., Banerjee S., Lower Vitamin D Metabolites Levels were Associated with Increased Coronary Artery Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in India, Sci. Rep., 6(12) (2016) 1–13.
  • [2] Yassin M.M., Masoud A.E.R.D., Serum Vitamin D Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients from Gaza Strip, Diabetes Metab., 13(3) (2019) 1865–1870.
  • [3] Risérus U., Willett W.C., Hu F.B., Dietary Fats and Prevention of T2DM, Prog. Lipid Res., 48(1) (2009) 44–51.
  • [4] Holick M.F., Schnoes H.K., Deluca H.F., Suda T., Cousins R.J., Isolation and Identification of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol a Metabolite of Vitamin D Active in Intestine, Biochemistry, 10(14) (1971) 2799–2804.
  • [5] Turner B., Williams S., Taichman D., Vijan S., The Clinic Type 2 Diabetes Screening and Prevention Diagnosis and Evaluation Practice Improvement CME Questions, 2010.
  • [6] Giovannuc E., Harlan D.M., Archer M.C., Bergenstal R.M., Gapstur S.M., Habel L.A., Pollak M., Regensteiner J.G., Yee D., Diabetes and Cancer: A Consensus Rreport, Diabetes Care, 33(7) (2010)1674–1685.
  • [7] Saad F., Gooren L., The Role of Testosterone in The Metabolic Syndrome: A Review, J.Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 114 (2) (2009) 40–43.
  • [8] D. O. F. Diabetes, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Care, 35(1) (2012).
  • [9] Natha DM., Balkau B., Bonora E., Johnsen K B., Buse JB., Colagiuri S., Davidson MB.. DeFronzo R., Genuth S., Rury R. Holman RR., Ji L., Kirkman S., Knowler WC, Schatz D., Shaw J., Sobngwi E., Steffes M., Vaccaro O., Wareham N., Zinman B., International Expert Committe Report on The Role of the A1C, Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 32(7) (2009) 1327–1334.
  • [10] Li G., Elley C.R., Kenealy T., Lifestyle İnterventions Rreduced the Long Term Risk of Diabetes in Adults with Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Evid. Based. Med.,13(6) (2008) 173.
  • [11] Sumamo E C., Dryden D., Vandermeer B., Ha Korownyk C., Annals of Internal Medicine Review Lifestyle Interventions for Patients with and at Risk for T2DM., Ann. Intern. Med., 159(8) (2013) 543–55.
  • [12] O’Gorman D.J., Krook A., Exercise and The Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity, Med. Clin. North Am., 95(5) (2011)953–969.
  • [13] Kyu H.H., BachmanV.F., AlexanderL.T., Mumford J.E., Afshin A., Estep K.,Veerman J.L., Delwiche K, Iannarone M.L., Moyer M.L., Cercy K.,Vos T., Murray .J.L., Forouzanfar M. H., Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Diabetes, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Ischemic Stroke Events: Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, BMJ., 354 (2016) 1–10.
  • [14] Nield L, Summerbell C.D., Hooper L., Whittaker V., Moore H., Dietary Advice for The Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 16(3) (2008) 51.
  • [15] Carter P., Gray L.J., Troughton J., Khunti K., Davies M., Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis, BMJ, 341(7772) (2010) 543.
  • [16] Xi B., Li S., Liu Z., Tian H., Yin X., Huai P., Tang W., Zhou D., Steffen M.L., Intake of Fruit Juice and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis, PLoS One, 9(3) (2014).
  • [17] Reynolds, A., Mann J., Cummings J., Winter N., Mete E., and Te Morenga L., Carbohydrate quality and Human Health: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, Lancet, 393(10170)(2019) 434–445.
  • [18] Smith A.D., Crippa A., Woodcock J., Brage S., Physical Activity and Incident T2DM: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta Analysis of Prospective Cohort Sstudies, Diabetologia, 59(12)( 2016) 2527–2545.
  • [19] Zanuso S., Jimenez A., Pugliese G., Corigliano G., Balducci S., Exercise for The Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of The Evidence, Acta Diabetol., 47(1)(2019)15–22.
  • [20] Fox C.S., Golden S.G., Anderson C., Bray G.A., Burke L.E., Boer I.H., Deedwania P., Eckel R.H., Ershow A.G.,, Fradkin J., Inzucchi S.E., Kosiborod M., Nelson R.G, Patel M.J, Pignone M., Quinn L., Schauer P. R., Selvin E., Vafiadis D.K., Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement from The American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Care, 38(9) (2015)1777–1803.
  • [21] Vos T., Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 310 Diseases and Injuries, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, Lancet, 388(10053) (2016)1545–1602.
  • [22] Bolland M.J., Grey A., Gamble G.D., Reid I.R., The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Skeletal, Vascular or Cancer Outcomes: A Trial Sequential Meta Analysis, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2(4) (2014)307–320.
  • [23] Malik V.S., Popkin B.M., Bray G.A., Després J.P., Willett W.C., Hu F.B., Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta Analysis, Diabetes Care, 33(11)(2010) 2477–2483.
  • [24] Hu E.A., Pan A., Malik V., Sun Q., White Rice Consumption and Risk of T2DM: Meta Analysi and Systematic Review, BMJ, 344(7851)(2012)1–9.
  • [25] Dhas Y., Banerjee J., Damle G., Mishra N., Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Insulin Resistance in Middle Aged Type 2 Diabetics, Clin. Chim. Acta., 492(11)(2018)95–101.
  • [26] Holick M.F., “Sunlight and Vitamin D for Bone Halth and Prevention of Autoimmune Diseases, Cancers, and Cardiovascular Disease., Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80(6)(2004)1678–1688.
  • [27] Zhang J., Li Y., Lai D., Lu D., Lan Z., Kang J., Xu Y., Cai S., Vitamin D Status is Negatively Correlated with Insulin Resistance in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes, Int. J. Endocrinol., 9 (2021) 127-132.
  • [28] Keegan R.J.H., Lu Z., Bogusz J.M., Williams J.E., Holick M.F., Photobiology of Vitamin D in Mushrooms and its Bioavailability in Humans, Dermatoendocrinol., 5(1)(2013)165–176.
  • [29] Norman W., From Vitamin D to Hormone D: Fundamentals of Vitamin D Endocrine System Essential for Good Health, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 88(2) (2008) 491-499.
  • [30] Bikle D.D., Vitamin D Metabolism, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Applications, Chem. Biol., 21(3)(2014)319–329.
  • [31] Clements M.R., The Problem of Rickets in UK Asians, J.Hum.Nutr.Diet., 2(2) (1989) 105–116.
  • [32] Heaney R.P., Functional Indices of Vit D Status and Ramifications of Vit D Deficiency 25, Am.Journal of Clin. Nut., 80(3) (2018)1706–1709.
  • [33] Costa P.R.F., Assis A.M.O., Santos C.A.S.T., Santos D.B., Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency, A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis, 16(4)(2015)341-9.
  • [34] Norva M., Wulf H.C., Review Article, Does Chronic Sunscreen Use Reduce Vitamin D Production to Insufficient Levels ?, British Journal of Dermatology, 161 (4) (2009) 732–736.
  • [35] Cashman K.D.,Vitamin D in Childhood and Adolescence, Postgrad Med J., 83(25)(2007) 230–236.
  • [36] Rocha R., Cotrim H.P., Carvalho F.M., Siqueira A.C., Braga H., Freitas L.A., Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, J. Hum. Nutr. Diet., 18(5) (2005) 365–370.
  • [37] Ahmed A.A., Glycemic Control in Diabetes, Oman Med. J. Jul, 25(3) ( 2010) 232–233.
  • [38] Kendall D., American Diabetes Association Complete Guide to Diabetes: The Ultimate Home Diabetes Reference. 5th ed., Virginia: American Diabetes Association; 2000.
  • [39] Gaziano JM., Hennekens CH., O'Donnell, CJ., Breslow JL., Buring, JE. Fasting Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Circulation, 96 (1997) 2520–25.
  • [40] Miedema K., Standardization of HbA1c and Optimal Range of Monitoring, Scand J. Clin. Lab., Invest Suppl., 240 (2005) 61-72.

Year 2022, Volume: 43 Issue: 3, 423 - 431, 30.09.2022

Shwan Ahmed , Aysel Sarı

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1048422

Abstract

References

  • [1] Adela R., Borkar R.M., Bhandi M.M., Vishwakarma Reddy P.N.C., Srinivas R., Banerjee S., Lower Vitamin D Metabolites Levels were Associated with Increased Coronary Artery Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in India, Sci. Rep., 6(12) (2016) 1–13.
  • [2] Yassin M.M., Masoud A.E.R.D., Serum Vitamin D Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients from Gaza Strip, Diabetes Metab., 13(3) (2019) 1865–1870.
  • [3] Risérus U., Willett W.C., Hu F.B., Dietary Fats and Prevention of T2DM, Prog. Lipid Res., 48(1) (2009) 44–51.
  • [4] Holick M.F., Schnoes H.K., Deluca H.F., Suda T., Cousins R.J., Isolation and Identification of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol a Metabolite of Vitamin D Active in Intestine, Biochemistry, 10(14) (1971) 2799–2804.
  • [5] Turner B., Williams S., Taichman D., Vijan S., The Clinic Type 2 Diabetes Screening and Prevention Diagnosis and Evaluation Practice Improvement CME Questions, 2010.
  • [6] Giovannuc E., Harlan D.M., Archer M.C., Bergenstal R.M., Gapstur S.M., Habel L.A., Pollak M., Regensteiner J.G., Yee D., Diabetes and Cancer: A Consensus Rreport, Diabetes Care, 33(7) (2010)1674–1685.
  • [7] Saad F., Gooren L., The Role of Testosterone in The Metabolic Syndrome: A Review, J.Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 114 (2) (2009) 40–43.
  • [8] D. O. F. Diabetes, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Care, 35(1) (2012).
  • [9] Natha DM., Balkau B., Bonora E., Johnsen K B., Buse JB., Colagiuri S., Davidson MB.. DeFronzo R., Genuth S., Rury R. Holman RR., Ji L., Kirkman S., Knowler WC, Schatz D., Shaw J., Sobngwi E., Steffes M., Vaccaro O., Wareham N., Zinman B., International Expert Committe Report on The Role of the A1C, Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 32(7) (2009) 1327–1334.
  • [10] Li G., Elley C.R., Kenealy T., Lifestyle İnterventions Rreduced the Long Term Risk of Diabetes in Adults with Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Evid. Based. Med.,13(6) (2008) 173.
  • [11] Sumamo E C., Dryden D., Vandermeer B., Ha Korownyk C., Annals of Internal Medicine Review Lifestyle Interventions for Patients with and at Risk for T2DM., Ann. Intern. Med., 159(8) (2013) 543–55.
  • [12] O’Gorman D.J., Krook A., Exercise and The Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity, Med. Clin. North Am., 95(5) (2011)953–969.
  • [13] Kyu H.H., BachmanV.F., AlexanderL.T., Mumford J.E., Afshin A., Estep K.,Veerman J.L., Delwiche K, Iannarone M.L., Moyer M.L., Cercy K.,Vos T., Murray .J.L., Forouzanfar M. H., Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Diabetes, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Ischemic Stroke Events: Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, BMJ., 354 (2016) 1–10.
  • [14] Nield L, Summerbell C.D., Hooper L., Whittaker V., Moore H., Dietary Advice for The Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 16(3) (2008) 51.
  • [15] Carter P., Gray L.J., Troughton J., Khunti K., Davies M., Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis, BMJ, 341(7772) (2010) 543.
  • [16] Xi B., Li S., Liu Z., Tian H., Yin X., Huai P., Tang W., Zhou D., Steffen M.L., Intake of Fruit Juice and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis, PLoS One, 9(3) (2014).
  • [17] Reynolds, A., Mann J., Cummings J., Winter N., Mete E., and Te Morenga L., Carbohydrate quality and Human Health: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, Lancet, 393(10170)(2019) 434–445.
  • [18] Smith A.D., Crippa A., Woodcock J., Brage S., Physical Activity and Incident T2DM: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta Analysis of Prospective Cohort Sstudies, Diabetologia, 59(12)( 2016) 2527–2545.
  • [19] Zanuso S., Jimenez A., Pugliese G., Corigliano G., Balducci S., Exercise for The Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of The Evidence, Acta Diabetol., 47(1)(2019)15–22.
  • [20] Fox C.S., Golden S.G., Anderson C., Bray G.A., Burke L.E., Boer I.H., Deedwania P., Eckel R.H., Ershow A.G.,, Fradkin J., Inzucchi S.E., Kosiborod M., Nelson R.G, Patel M.J, Pignone M., Quinn L., Schauer P. R., Selvin E., Vafiadis D.K., Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement from The American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Care, 38(9) (2015)1777–1803.
  • [21] Vos T., Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 310 Diseases and Injuries, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, Lancet, 388(10053) (2016)1545–1602.
  • [22] Bolland M.J., Grey A., Gamble G.D., Reid I.R., The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Skeletal, Vascular or Cancer Outcomes: A Trial Sequential Meta Analysis, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2(4) (2014)307–320.
  • [23] Malik V.S., Popkin B.M., Bray G.A., Després J.P., Willett W.C., Hu F.B., Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta Analysis, Diabetes Care, 33(11)(2010) 2477–2483.
  • [24] Hu E.A., Pan A., Malik V., Sun Q., White Rice Consumption and Risk of T2DM: Meta Analysi and Systematic Review, BMJ, 344(7851)(2012)1–9.
  • [25] Dhas Y., Banerjee J., Damle G., Mishra N., Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Insulin Resistance in Middle Aged Type 2 Diabetics, Clin. Chim. Acta., 492(11)(2018)95–101.
  • [26] Holick M.F., “Sunlight and Vitamin D for Bone Halth and Prevention of Autoimmune Diseases, Cancers, and Cardiovascular Disease., Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80(6)(2004)1678–1688.
  • [27] Zhang J., Li Y., Lai D., Lu D., Lan Z., Kang J., Xu Y., Cai S., Vitamin D Status is Negatively Correlated with Insulin Resistance in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes, Int. J. Endocrinol., 9 (2021) 127-132.
  • [28] Keegan R.J.H., Lu Z., Bogusz J.M., Williams J.E., Holick M.F., Photobiology of Vitamin D in Mushrooms and its Bioavailability in Humans, Dermatoendocrinol., 5(1)(2013)165–176.
  • [29] Norman W., From Vitamin D to Hormone D: Fundamentals of Vitamin D Endocrine System Essential for Good Health, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 88(2) (2008) 491-499.
  • [30] Bikle D.D., Vitamin D Metabolism, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Applications, Chem. Biol., 21(3)(2014)319–329.
  • [31] Clements M.R., The Problem of Rickets in UK Asians, J.Hum.Nutr.Diet., 2(2) (1989) 105–116.
  • [32] Heaney R.P., Functional Indices of Vit D Status and Ramifications of Vit D Deficiency 25, Am.Journal of Clin. Nut., 80(3) (2018)1706–1709.
  • [33] Costa P.R.F., Assis A.M.O., Santos C.A.S.T., Santos D.B., Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency, A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis, 16(4)(2015)341-9.
  • [34] Norva M., Wulf H.C., Review Article, Does Chronic Sunscreen Use Reduce Vitamin D Production to Insufficient Levels ?, British Journal of Dermatology, 161 (4) (2009) 732–736.
  • [35] Cashman K.D.,Vitamin D in Childhood and Adolescence, Postgrad Med J., 83(25)(2007) 230–236.
  • [36] Rocha R., Cotrim H.P., Carvalho F.M., Siqueira A.C., Braga H., Freitas L.A., Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, J. Hum. Nutr. Diet., 18(5) (2005) 365–370.
  • [37] Ahmed A.A., Glycemic Control in Diabetes, Oman Med. J. Jul, 25(3) ( 2010) 232–233.
  • [38] Kendall D., American Diabetes Association Complete Guide to Diabetes: The Ultimate Home Diabetes Reference. 5th ed., Virginia: American Diabetes Association; 2000.
  • [39] Gaziano JM., Hennekens CH., O'Donnell, CJ., Breslow JL., Buring, JE. Fasting Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Circulation, 96 (1997) 2520–25.
  • [40] Miedema K., Standardization of HbA1c and Optimal Range of Monitoring, Scand J. Clin. Lab., Invest Suppl., 240 (2005) 61-72.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Shwan Ahmed

Aysel Sarı 0000-0002-4966-2254

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Submission Date March 25, 2022
Acceptance Date July 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 43 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ahmed, S., & Sarı, A. (2022). Serum Vitamin D Among Patients withType 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 43(3), 423-431. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1048422
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