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Effects of various heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of investment cast Co-Cr-Mo implants

Year 2021, Volume: 42 Issue: 4, 965 - 976, 29.12.2021

Kübra Öztürk , Onur Ertuğrul Murat Özcan

Abstract

In this study, the effects of various heat treatments (solutionizing, solutionizing + aging) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Co-Cr-Mo based hip implants produced by investment casting were investigated. The solution treatments were carried out at 1125°C, 1175°C and 1225°C for 3 hours under argon atmosphere. The aging treatments were carried at 850°C for 4 hours. The samples were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). Room temperature tensile tests and hardness tests were applied. The results showed that, the process of solutionizing at 1175°C and subsequent aging resulted in the formation of the smallest size precipitates with more homogeneous distribution in the interdendritic space of the as-cast structure compared to other treatments. According to tensile test results of the aged samples, as the solutionizing temperature increased to 1175°C both strength and elongation values increased. However, with the increase of solutionizing temperature to 1225°C, strength and elongation values decreased again. Solutionizing temperature of 1175°C gave the best microstructure-mechanical property relationship. Moreover, hardness values increased with the subsequent aging, yet do not change significantly with the solutionizing temperature.

Keywords

solutionizing aging investment casting hip implant mechanical properties

Thanks

This work would not have been possible without the support of the Mr. Önder ERTÜRKAN and the Ortopedya Implant A.Ş. company for helping and providing for the work. We would especially like to thank for their support during our study.

References

  • [1] Giacchi J., V, Morando C.N., Fornaro O., Palacio H.A., Microstructural characterization of as-cast biocompatible Co–Cr–Mo alloys, Materials Characterization, 62(1) (2011) 53-61.
  • [2] Zangeneh S.H., Lashgari H.R., Saghafİ M., Karshenas M., Effect of isothermal aging on the microstructural evolution of Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy, Materials Science and Engineering, 527(24-25) (2010) 6494–6500.
  • [3] Montero O.C., Talavera M., Lopez H., Effect of alloy preheating on the mechanical properties of as-cast CoCrMoC alloys, Metallurgical Materials Transactions, 30 (1999) 611–20.
  • [4] Dobbs H.S., Robertson J.L.M., Heat treatment of cast Co–Cr–Mo for orthopaedic implant use, J Mater Sci., 18 (1983) 391–401.
  • [5] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Chiba A., Influence of carbon addition on mechanical properties and microstructures of Ni-free Co–28Cr–9 W–1Si–C alloys subjected to thermomechanical processing, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 37 (2014) 274–85.
  • [6] Youdelis W.V., Kwon O., Carbide phases in cobalt of subsize tensile test specimens and the traditional base superalloy: Role of nucleation entropy in refine- method of measuring % elongation to fracture by joinment, Metal Sci., 17(8) (1983) 379–384.
  • [7] Lee S.H., Nomura N., Chiba A., Significant improvement in mechanical properties of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys with combination of N addition and Cr enrichment, Mater. Trans., 49(2) (2008) 260–264.
  • [8] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Chiba A., Assessment of precipitation behavior in dental castings of a Co–Cr–Mo alloy, Mechanical Behavior Biomedical Materials, 50 (2015) 268–27.
  • [9] Li S.J., Niinomi M., Akahori T., Kasuga T., Yang R., Hao Y.O., Fatigue characteristics of bioactive glass-ceramic-coated Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr for biomedical application, Biomaterials, 25(17) (2004) 3369-3378.
  • [10] Gomez M., Mancha H., Salinas A., Rodryguez J.L., Escobedo J., Castro M., Mendez M., Relationship between microstructure and ductility of investment cast ASTM F-75 implant alloy, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 34(2) (1997), 157–163.
  • [11] Sims C.T, Hagel W., Stoloff N., The Superalloys II: High temperature materials for aerospace and industrial power, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley & Sons, (1987).
  • [12] Ramírez V.L.E., Castro R.M., Herrera T.M., García L.C.V., Almanza C.E., Cooling rate and carbon content effect on the fraction of secondary phases precipitate in as-cast microstructure of ASTM F75 alloy, J Material Process Technology, 209(4) (2009) 1681–1687.
  • [13] Rosenthal R., Cardoso B.R., Bott I.S., Paranhos R.P.R., Carvalho E.A., Phase characterization in as-cast F-75 Co-Cr-Mo-C alloy, J. Mater. Sci., 45(15) (2010) 4021–4028.
  • [14] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Sato K., Chiba A., Characterisation of nanoscale carbide precipitation in as-cast Co–Cr–W-based dental alloys, J. Mater. Chem. B., 4(10) (2016) 1778–1786.
  • [15] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Chiba A., Effects of carbon concentration on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast nickel-free Co–28Cr–9W-based dental alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., 40(7) (2014) 127–134.
  • [16] Ledesma A.L.R., Lopez H.F., Islas J.A.J., Evaluation of chill cast Co-Cr alloys for biomedical applications, Metals, 6(8) (2016) 188.
  • [17] Salam S., Hou P.Y., Zhang Y.D., Zhang X.H., Wang H.F., Zhang C., Yang Z.G., Microstructural modelling solution for complex Co based alloys and coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 236 (2013) 510–517.
  • [18] Herrera T.M., Espinoza A., Méndez J., Castro M., López J., Rendón J., Effect of C content on the mechanical properties of solution treated as-cast ASTM F75 alloys, J Mater Sci Mater Med., 16(7) (2005) 607–11.

Year 2021, Volume: 42 Issue: 4, 965 - 976, 29.12.2021

Kübra Öztürk , Onur Ertuğrul Murat Özcan

Abstract

References

  • [1] Giacchi J., V, Morando C.N., Fornaro O., Palacio H.A., Microstructural characterization of as-cast biocompatible Co–Cr–Mo alloys, Materials Characterization, 62(1) (2011) 53-61.
  • [2] Zangeneh S.H., Lashgari H.R., Saghafİ M., Karshenas M., Effect of isothermal aging on the microstructural evolution of Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy, Materials Science and Engineering, 527(24-25) (2010) 6494–6500.
  • [3] Montero O.C., Talavera M., Lopez H., Effect of alloy preheating on the mechanical properties of as-cast CoCrMoC alloys, Metallurgical Materials Transactions, 30 (1999) 611–20.
  • [4] Dobbs H.S., Robertson J.L.M., Heat treatment of cast Co–Cr–Mo for orthopaedic implant use, J Mater Sci., 18 (1983) 391–401.
  • [5] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Chiba A., Influence of carbon addition on mechanical properties and microstructures of Ni-free Co–28Cr–9 W–1Si–C alloys subjected to thermomechanical processing, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 37 (2014) 274–85.
  • [6] Youdelis W.V., Kwon O., Carbide phases in cobalt of subsize tensile test specimens and the traditional base superalloy: Role of nucleation entropy in refine- method of measuring % elongation to fracture by joinment, Metal Sci., 17(8) (1983) 379–384.
  • [7] Lee S.H., Nomura N., Chiba A., Significant improvement in mechanical properties of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys with combination of N addition and Cr enrichment, Mater. Trans., 49(2) (2008) 260–264.
  • [8] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Chiba A., Assessment of precipitation behavior in dental castings of a Co–Cr–Mo alloy, Mechanical Behavior Biomedical Materials, 50 (2015) 268–27.
  • [9] Li S.J., Niinomi M., Akahori T., Kasuga T., Yang R., Hao Y.O., Fatigue characteristics of bioactive glass-ceramic-coated Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr for biomedical application, Biomaterials, 25(17) (2004) 3369-3378.
  • [10] Gomez M., Mancha H., Salinas A., Rodryguez J.L., Escobedo J., Castro M., Mendez M., Relationship between microstructure and ductility of investment cast ASTM F-75 implant alloy, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 34(2) (1997), 157–163.
  • [11] Sims C.T, Hagel W., Stoloff N., The Superalloys II: High temperature materials for aerospace and industrial power, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley & Sons, (1987).
  • [12] Ramírez V.L.E., Castro R.M., Herrera T.M., García L.C.V., Almanza C.E., Cooling rate and carbon content effect on the fraction of secondary phases precipitate in as-cast microstructure of ASTM F75 alloy, J Material Process Technology, 209(4) (2009) 1681–1687.
  • [13] Rosenthal R., Cardoso B.R., Bott I.S., Paranhos R.P.R., Carvalho E.A., Phase characterization in as-cast F-75 Co-Cr-Mo-C alloy, J. Mater. Sci., 45(15) (2010) 4021–4028.
  • [14] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Sato K., Chiba A., Characterisation of nanoscale carbide precipitation in as-cast Co–Cr–W-based dental alloys, J. Mater. Chem. B., 4(10) (2016) 1778–1786.
  • [15] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Chiba A., Effects of carbon concentration on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast nickel-free Co–28Cr–9W-based dental alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., 40(7) (2014) 127–134.
  • [16] Ledesma A.L.R., Lopez H.F., Islas J.A.J., Evaluation of chill cast Co-Cr alloys for biomedical applications, Metals, 6(8) (2016) 188.
  • [17] Salam S., Hou P.Y., Zhang Y.D., Zhang X.H., Wang H.F., Zhang C., Yang Z.G., Microstructural modelling solution for complex Co based alloys and coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 236 (2013) 510–517.
  • [18] Herrera T.M., Espinoza A., Méndez J., Castro M., López J., Rendón J., Effect of C content on the mechanical properties of solution treated as-cast ASTM F75 alloys, J Mater Sci Mater Med., 16(7) (2005) 607–11.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biomaterial
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Kübra Öztürk 0000-0003-1268-0456

Onur Ertuğrul 0000-0001-9017-9443

Murat Özcan 0000-0002-3752-4065

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Submission Date October 19, 2020
Acceptance Date December 13, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 42 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Öztürk, K., Ertuğrul, O., & Özcan, M. (2021). Effects of various heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of investment cast Co-Cr-Mo implants. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 42(4), 965-976.