AISI 304 Paslanmaz Çeliğin Spin Yöntemi Kullanılarak TiO2 Filmi İle Kaplanması ve Yapısal Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Öz
Bu çalışmada iyi pasiflik, düşük iletkenlik ve iyi tribolojik özelliklere sahip TiO2 seramik oksit filmi sol jel spin kaplama yöntemi ile paslanmaz çelik (AISI 304) malzemesi kaplanmıştır. Kaplanan TiO2 filmlerin yapısına tavlama sıcaklığı ve süresinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Kaplama işlemi için Ethyl acetoacetate (EAcAc), etanol ve titanium kaynağı olarak Tetra-n-butyl orthotitanate (TBT) kullanılmıştır. TiO2 ince film kaplama işleminde spin döndürme hızı olarak 2600 devir/dakika seçilmiştir. Tavlama süresinin ve sıcaklığının kaplama yapısına etkisini incelemek amacıyla 1 ve 1,5 saat işlem sürelerinde ve 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C işlem sıcaklıklarında tavlama uygulanmıştır. Yapılan kaplamaların yapısal özellikleri XRD ve SEM analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlere göre elde edilen piklerin anataz ve rutile fazında olduğu belirlenmiştir. XRD sonuçları incelendiğinde bütün sıcaklıklarda ve sürelerde baskın pikin Rutile (210) fazı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca XRD analizlerinden R(210) fazı için kristal boyutu (D), dislokasyon yoğunluğu (δ) ve gerinim (ε) gibi parametreler belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonrasında tavlama sıcaklığının ve süresinin yüzey morfolojisini değiştirdiği SEM analizleri belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İnce Film Spin Kaplama Tavlama sıcaklığı Tavlama süresi TiO2.
Kaynakça
- Hu, Q., Zhang, G., Qiu, Y., Guo, X. (2011). The crevice corrosion behaviour of stainless steel in sodium chloride solution. Corrosion Science, 53, 4065-4072.
- Wang, Z., Cong, Y., Zhang, T., Shao, Y., Meng, G. (2011). Study on the crevice corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel used on marine gas turbine inlet filters by stochastic methods. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 5521-5538.
- Zhang, C., Huang, B.,Xu, J., Cao, W.,Sun, G.,Xiao, J.,Yin, S. (2020).Effect of Mo on tribological behaviors of atmospheric plasma sprayed Al2O3- 13%TiO2/Mo coatings under boundary lubrication condition. Ceramics International, 46, 15066-15075.
- Arjmand, S., Khayati, G.R., Akbari, G.H. (2019). Al/Ti5Si3-Al3Ti composite prepared via insitu surface coating of Ti using tungsten inert gas welding. J. Alloys Compd., 808, 151739.
- Zavareh, M., Diaa, A., Sarhan, M., Razak, B., Basirun, W. (2014). Plasma thermal spray of ceramic oxide coating on carbon steel with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance for oil and gas applications. Ceramics International, 40, 14267–14277.
- Saravanan S., Dubey R.S. (2021). Optical and structural investigations of TiO2 multilayers on glass prepared via sol–gel spin-coating technique. Materials Today: Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.129, in Press.
- Vega F.L.A., Olaya, J.J., Ruiz, J.B. (2017). Synthesis and corrosion resistance of SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3 coatings spin-coated on Ti6Al4V alloy. Ceramics International, 107, 2411-2502.
- Wang, D., Bierwagen, G.P. (2009). Sol-gel coatings on metals for corrosion protection. Prog. Org. Coatings, 64 (4), 327–338.
- Guglielmi, M. (1997). Sol-gel coatings on metals. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 8 (1),443–449.
- Voevodin, N. N., Grebasch, N. T., Soto, W. S., Arnold, F. E., Donley, M. S. (2001). Potentiodynamic evaluation of solgel coatings with inorganic inhibitors, Surf. Coatings Technol., 140 (1), 24– 28.
- Kumar A., Sharma K.K., Chand S., Kumar A. (2018). Investigation of barrier inhomogeneities in I-V and C-V characteristics of Ni/n-TiO2/p-Si/Al heterostructure in wide temperature range. Superlattices and Microstructures, 122, 304–315.
- Grant, C.D., Schwartzberg, A.M., Smestad, G.P., Kowalik, J., Tolbert, L.M., Zhang, J.Z. (2002). Characterization of anocrystalline and thin film TiO2 solar cells with poly(3-undecyl-2,2'-bithiophene) as a sensitizer and hole conducto. Electroanal. Chem., 522, 40.
- Peng, B., Jungmann, G., Jäger, C., Haarer, D., Schmidt, H.W., Thelakkat, M. (2004). Systematic investigation of the role of compact TiO2 layer in solid state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells,Coord. Chem. Rev.,248,1479.
- Chen, Y., Dionysiou, D.D. (2006). Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanostructured TiO2 Films for Water Purification. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 62, 255,67-75.
- Yamagishi, M., Kurikib, S., Song, P.K., Shigesato, Y. (2003). Thin film TiO2 photocatalyst deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films, 442, 227.
- Miyauchi, M., Kieda, N., Hishita, S., Mitsuhashi, T., Nakajima, A., Watanabe, T., Hashimoto, K. (2002). Reversible wettability control of TiO2 surface by light irradiation. Surf. Sci., 511, 401.
- Wu, K.R., Wang, J.J., Liu, W.C., Chen, Z.Sh., Wu, J.K. (2006). Vacant graphene Nanosheet-Supported platinum nanoparticles as catalysts for neutral glucose oxidation reaction, Appl. Surf. Sci., 252, 582.
- Padhy, N., Kamachi Mudali, U., Chawla, V., Chandra, R., Raj, B. (2011). Corrosion behaviour of single (Ti) and duplex (Ti–TiO2) coating on 304L stainless steel in nitric acid medium. Mater. Chem. Phys. 130, 962–972.
- Gallardo, J., Duran, A., Damborenea, J.J. (2004). Electrochemical and in vitro behaviour of sol–gel coated 316L stainless steel. Corrosion Science, 46, 795–806.
- Saji, V.S., Thomas, J. (2007). Nanomaterials for corrosion control. Curr. Sci. 92, 51–55.
- Hausbrand, R., Bolado-Escudero, B., Dhont, A., Wielant, J. (2012). Corrosion of flameassisted CVD silica-coated steel sheet. Corrosion Science, 61, 28–34.
- Sarıgül, H., Özçeşmeci, M., Sorar, İ. (2021). Sol-Jel Yöntemiyle Hazırlanan Kobalt Ftalosiyanin Katkılı TiO2 Filmlerin Optik ve Yapısal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. El-Cezerî Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 8, (1), 299-308.
- Timoumi, A., Albetran, H.M., Alamri, H.R. (2020). Low I.M., Impact of annealing temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of GO-TiO2 thin films prepared by spin coating technique. Superlattices and Microstructures, 139, 106423.
- Khan, M.I., Mehmood, B., Naeem, M.A., Younis, M., Mahmoud, K.H., El-Bahy, Z.M., Subhani, W.S., Hussain, S., Alwadai, N., Albalawi, H., Iqbal, M., (2021). Investigations the structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of La doped TiO2 photoanode based dye sensitized solar cells. Optical Materials, 122, 111610.
- Malliga, P., Pandiarajan, J., Prithivikumaran, N., Neyvasagam, K., (2014). Influence of Film Thickness on Structural and Optical Properties of Sol – Gel Spin Coated TiO2 Thin Film. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) 6, (1-I), 22-28.
- Temel, S., Nebi, M., Peker D. (2017). Sol-Gel Döndürerek Kaplama Tekniği ile Saydam İletken ZnO İnce Filmlerin Üretilmesi ve Karakterizasyonu, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi PART C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, GU J Sci, Part C, 5(3), 51-59.
- Sekhar, M. C., Kondaiah P., Rao, G.M., Chandra, S.V.J., Uthanna, S., (2013). Post-deposition annealing influenced structural and electrical properties of Al/TiO2/Si gate capacitors. Superlattices and Microstructures, 62, 68–80.
- Taşcı M. K. Yapı Çeliğinde Deformasyon ve tavlama sıcaklığının tane yapısına etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 1987.
- Singh, R., Yadav, L., Shrey, Tripathi, S. (2019). Effect of annealing time on the structural and optical properties of n-CuO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating technique and its application in n-CuO/p-Si heterojunction diode. Thin Solid Films 685, 195–203.
- Karunagarana, B., Rajendra Kumar, R.T., Senthil Kumar, V., Mangalaraja, D., Narayandassa, Sa. K., Mohan Raob, G. (2003). Structural characterization of DC magnetron-sput tered TiO2 thin films using XRD and Raman scattering studies. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 6 547–550.Dorobanţu, L., & Popescu, M. O. (2013). Increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic panels through cooling water film. UPB Sci. Bull., Series C, 75(4), 223-232.
Coating TiO2 Film Using the Spin Method of AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Investigation of the Structural Properties
Öz
In this study, TiO2 ceramic oxide film with good passivity, low conductivity and good tribological properties was coated on stainless steel (AISI 304) material by sol gel spin coating method. The effect of annealing temperature and time on the structure of the coated TiO2 films was investigated. Ethyl acetoacetate (EAcAc), ethanol and as titanium source Tetra-n-butyl orthotitanate (TBT) was used for the coating process. In the TiO2 thin film coating process, 2600 rpm was chosen as the spin rotation speed. In order to examine the effect of annealing time and temperature on the coating structure, annealing was applied at treatment times of 1 and 1.5 hours and at processing temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C. The structural properties of the coatings were investigated by XRD and SEM analysis. It was determined that the peaks obtained according to the analyzes were in the anatase and rutile phases. When the XRD results were examined, it was seen that the dominant peak was the Rutile (210) phase at all temperatures and times. In addition, parameters such as crystal size (D), dislocation density (δ) and strain (ε) were determined for the R(210) phase from XRD analysis. After the study, SEM analyzes were determined that the annealing temperature and time changed the surface morphology.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Annealing temperature Annealing time Spin Coating Thin Films TiO2.
Kaynakça
- Hu, Q., Zhang, G., Qiu, Y., Guo, X. (2011). The crevice corrosion behaviour of stainless steel in sodium chloride solution. Corrosion Science, 53, 4065-4072.
- Wang, Z., Cong, Y., Zhang, T., Shao, Y., Meng, G. (2011). Study on the crevice corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel used on marine gas turbine inlet filters by stochastic methods. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 5521-5538.
- Zhang, C., Huang, B.,Xu, J., Cao, W.,Sun, G.,Xiao, J.,Yin, S. (2020).Effect of Mo on tribological behaviors of atmospheric plasma sprayed Al2O3- 13%TiO2/Mo coatings under boundary lubrication condition. Ceramics International, 46, 15066-15075.
- Arjmand, S., Khayati, G.R., Akbari, G.H. (2019). Al/Ti5Si3-Al3Ti composite prepared via insitu surface coating of Ti using tungsten inert gas welding. J. Alloys Compd., 808, 151739.
- Zavareh, M., Diaa, A., Sarhan, M., Razak, B., Basirun, W. (2014). Plasma thermal spray of ceramic oxide coating on carbon steel with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance for oil and gas applications. Ceramics International, 40, 14267–14277.
- Saravanan S., Dubey R.S. (2021). Optical and structural investigations of TiO2 multilayers on glass prepared via sol–gel spin-coating technique. Materials Today: Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.129, in Press.
- Vega F.L.A., Olaya, J.J., Ruiz, J.B. (2017). Synthesis and corrosion resistance of SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3 coatings spin-coated on Ti6Al4V alloy. Ceramics International, 107, 2411-2502.
- Wang, D., Bierwagen, G.P. (2009). Sol-gel coatings on metals for corrosion protection. Prog. Org. Coatings, 64 (4), 327–338.
- Guglielmi, M. (1997). Sol-gel coatings on metals. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 8 (1),443–449.
- Voevodin, N. N., Grebasch, N. T., Soto, W. S., Arnold, F. E., Donley, M. S. (2001). Potentiodynamic evaluation of solgel coatings with inorganic inhibitors, Surf. Coatings Technol., 140 (1), 24– 28.
- Kumar A., Sharma K.K., Chand S., Kumar A. (2018). Investigation of barrier inhomogeneities in I-V and C-V characteristics of Ni/n-TiO2/p-Si/Al heterostructure in wide temperature range. Superlattices and Microstructures, 122, 304–315.
- Grant, C.D., Schwartzberg, A.M., Smestad, G.P., Kowalik, J., Tolbert, L.M., Zhang, J.Z. (2002). Characterization of anocrystalline and thin film TiO2 solar cells with poly(3-undecyl-2,2'-bithiophene) as a sensitizer and hole conducto. Electroanal. Chem., 522, 40.
- Peng, B., Jungmann, G., Jäger, C., Haarer, D., Schmidt, H.W., Thelakkat, M. (2004). Systematic investigation of the role of compact TiO2 layer in solid state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells,Coord. Chem. Rev.,248,1479.
- Chen, Y., Dionysiou, D.D. (2006). Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanostructured TiO2 Films for Water Purification. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 62, 255,67-75.
- Yamagishi, M., Kurikib, S., Song, P.K., Shigesato, Y. (2003). Thin film TiO2 photocatalyst deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films, 442, 227.
- Miyauchi, M., Kieda, N., Hishita, S., Mitsuhashi, T., Nakajima, A., Watanabe, T., Hashimoto, K. (2002). Reversible wettability control of TiO2 surface by light irradiation. Surf. Sci., 511, 401.
- Wu, K.R., Wang, J.J., Liu, W.C., Chen, Z.Sh., Wu, J.K. (2006). Vacant graphene Nanosheet-Supported platinum nanoparticles as catalysts for neutral glucose oxidation reaction, Appl. Surf. Sci., 252, 582.
- Padhy, N., Kamachi Mudali, U., Chawla, V., Chandra, R., Raj, B. (2011). Corrosion behaviour of single (Ti) and duplex (Ti–TiO2) coating on 304L stainless steel in nitric acid medium. Mater. Chem. Phys. 130, 962–972.
- Gallardo, J., Duran, A., Damborenea, J.J. (2004). Electrochemical and in vitro behaviour of sol–gel coated 316L stainless steel. Corrosion Science, 46, 795–806.
- Saji, V.S., Thomas, J. (2007). Nanomaterials for corrosion control. Curr. Sci. 92, 51–55.
- Hausbrand, R., Bolado-Escudero, B., Dhont, A., Wielant, J. (2012). Corrosion of flameassisted CVD silica-coated steel sheet. Corrosion Science, 61, 28–34.
- Sarıgül, H., Özçeşmeci, M., Sorar, İ. (2021). Sol-Jel Yöntemiyle Hazırlanan Kobalt Ftalosiyanin Katkılı TiO2 Filmlerin Optik ve Yapısal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. El-Cezerî Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 8, (1), 299-308.
- Timoumi, A., Albetran, H.M., Alamri, H.R. (2020). Low I.M., Impact of annealing temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of GO-TiO2 thin films prepared by spin coating technique. Superlattices and Microstructures, 139, 106423.
- Khan, M.I., Mehmood, B., Naeem, M.A., Younis, M., Mahmoud, K.H., El-Bahy, Z.M., Subhani, W.S., Hussain, S., Alwadai, N., Albalawi, H., Iqbal, M., (2021). Investigations the structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of La doped TiO2 photoanode based dye sensitized solar cells. Optical Materials, 122, 111610.
- Malliga, P., Pandiarajan, J., Prithivikumaran, N., Neyvasagam, K., (2014). Influence of Film Thickness on Structural and Optical Properties of Sol – Gel Spin Coated TiO2 Thin Film. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) 6, (1-I), 22-28.
- Temel, S., Nebi, M., Peker D. (2017). Sol-Gel Döndürerek Kaplama Tekniği ile Saydam İletken ZnO İnce Filmlerin Üretilmesi ve Karakterizasyonu, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi PART C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, GU J Sci, Part C, 5(3), 51-59.
- Sekhar, M. C., Kondaiah P., Rao, G.M., Chandra, S.V.J., Uthanna, S., (2013). Post-deposition annealing influenced structural and electrical properties of Al/TiO2/Si gate capacitors. Superlattices and Microstructures, 62, 68–80.
- Taşcı M. K. Yapı Çeliğinde Deformasyon ve tavlama sıcaklığının tane yapısına etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 1987.
- Singh, R., Yadav, L., Shrey, Tripathi, S. (2019). Effect of annealing time on the structural and optical properties of n-CuO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating technique and its application in n-CuO/p-Si heterojunction diode. Thin Solid Films 685, 195–203.
- Karunagarana, B., Rajendra Kumar, R.T., Senthil Kumar, V., Mangalaraja, D., Narayandassa, Sa. K., Mohan Raob, G. (2003). Structural characterization of DC magnetron-sput tered TiO2 thin films using XRD and Raman scattering studies. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 6 547–550.Dorobanţu, L., & Popescu, M. O. (2013). Increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic panels through cooling water film. UPB Sci. Bull., Series C, 75(4), 223-232.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 25 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Haziran 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Şubat 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
