Araştırma Makalesi
The Effect of Different Nitrogen Doses on Seed Yield and Charcoal Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Some Sesame Varieties
Öz
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of
different nitrogen doses on yield and charcoal rot (Macrophomina
phaseolina) disease of some sesame varieties. In the study; Muganlı, Özberk
and a local sesame varieties were used. The experiment was laid out in
Randomized Complete Block in Split Plot Design with three replications in the
field which was artificially inoculated by pathogen (M. phaseolina). The
experiment area was inoculated as 25
g inoculum per m2 by fungus artificially,
which was grown on wheat growth media before sowing the seeds so that the
disease will be appear abundance and severity.
Ammonium Nitrate (33 % N) was used as nitrogen source
with four different doses as 0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/da, half of that fertilizer was
given to the soil during sowing time and the other was given at the beginning
of blooming time. Also, Triple Super Phosphate fertilizer was used in all the
plots with a dose of 10 kg/da at the sowing period. Sesame seeds were sown in June
2, 2010. Cultural practices were applied throughout the growing season. In the study, plant height, number of branches, number
of capsules, disease percentage and seed yield were
determined.
According to the results; there were significant differences among
varieties in seed yield, plant height, number of branch, number of capsules and
disease percentage. Seed yield ranged from 24.83 kg/da to 69.33 kg/da and local
variety had the highest seed yield. It was found significant differences among
varieties on disease percentage and local variety was higher resistant the
other varieties. Different nitrogen doses influenced plant height, number of
branch and number of capsules significantly. However, nitrogen application did
not affect significantly seed yield and disease percentage.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sesame charcoal rot disease nitrogen application macrophomina phaseoline
Kaynakça
- Ali, E. A., 2002. Response of Sesame Crop (Sesamum indicum L.) to Nitrogen and PK Fertilizers. Proc. 27th International Conf. for Statistics, Computer Science and its Applications, Cairo Univ., April 2002, 297-309. Anonim, 2009. Maize Diseases, Charcoal Rot. [http://www.pannarseed.co.za/uploads/ documents/1/charcoal_ rot.pdf]. Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2013. Arca, G. and M. Yıldız, 1990. Investigations on the Incidence of Tobacco Charcoal Rot Disease (Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) in the Aegean Region, Its Pathogenicity and Susceptibility of Turkish Tobacco Cultivars. J. Turk. Phytopath., 19: 13-19. Atakişi, İ. K., 1985. Yağ Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitapları Yayın No:147, 120 s, Adana. Avadhanı, K. K., S. S. Patıl, B. Mallanagoude and S. R. Parvatıcar, 1979. Nitrogen Fertilization and Its Influence on Charcoal Rot. Sorghum Newsletter, 22: 119-120. Ayers, P. G., 1978. Water Relations of Diseased Plants, pp.1-60. Water Deficits and Plant Growth (ed. T.T. Kozlowski). New York, USA: Academic Press.323 p. Baran, B. and S. Kurt, 2001. Evaluation of Sesame Line/Cultivars for Resistance Against Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.). Proceeding of IV. International Symposium “New and Non- tradiotional Plants and Prospects of Their Utilization, Vol.III, 23-25, Puschino, Moscow, Russia. Basha, H. A., 1994. Response of Two Sesame Cultivars to Nitrogen Level in Newly Reclaimed Sandy Soil. Zagazig J. Agric. Res., 21(3A): 603-616. Bassiem, M. M. and N. A. Anton, 1998. Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers and Foliar Spray With Ascorbic Acid on Sesame Plant in Sandy Soil. Ann. Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, 36(1): 95-103. Bremer, H., 1944. Über Welkekrankheiten In Südwest Anatolien Istanbuler Schriften, 18.,40Pp. Buanoğlu M., ve M. Yıldız, 1998. Toprak Kaynaklı Bazı Bitki Patojenlerine Kalsiyum Siyanamidin in-Vitro Etkililiği Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Türkiye 8. Fitopatoloji kongresi, Ankara, Bildiriler: 443-446. Cloude, G. L. and J. C. Rupe, 1994. Influence of Nitrogen, Plant Growth Stage and Environment on Charcoal Rot of Grain Sorghum Caused By Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Plant and Soil, 158(2): 203-201. Diourte, M., S. J. Star, M. J. Jeger, J. P. Stack and D. T. Rosenow, 1995. Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) Resistance and the Effect of Water Stress on Disease Development in Sorghum. Plant Pathology, 44: 196-202. El-Fiki, A. I. I., A. A. El-Deeb, F. G. Mohamed and M. M. A. Khalifa, 2004. Controlling Sesame Charcoal Rot Incited by Macrophomina phaseolina under Field Conditions by Using the Resistant Cultivars and Some Seed and Soil Treatments Egypt. J. Phytopathol., Vol. 32, No. 1-2, pp. 103-118. FAO, 2009. FAOSTAT.[http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html] Erişim tarihi: 04.07.2013. Fayed, E. H. M., A. A. Hassan and S. M. A. Hussain, 2000. Sesame Performance as Affected by Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Levels Under Drip Irrigation System in Newly Cultivated Sandy Soil. I. Yield and Yield Attributes. Ann. Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, 38(1): 65-73. Gaur. B. L. and Tomar, D. S., 1978. Chemical Weed Control in Sesame. Indian J. Agron. 23(1): 71. Gürkan, M., 1995. Diyarbakır ve Şanlıurfa İllerindeki Susam Ekim Alanlarında Görülen Fungal Hastalıkların Belirlenmesi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı (Yüksek Lisans Tezi ), 35 s., Tokat. Kamel, M. S., Shabana R. and Abu-Hagaza N.M., 1983. Population Arrangement and Fertility Level Effects on Yields of Seed and Oil of İrrigated Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Zeitschrift fur Acker- und Pflanzenbau, 152(4): 252-259. Karaca, İ., 1974. Sistematik Bitki Hastalıkları, Cilt IV. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 217, 272 s. Karcılıoğlu, A., E. Onan, M. Esentepe ve E. Sezgin, 1985. Ege Bölgesinde İkinci Ürün Soya ve Susam Ekim Alanlarında Görülen Fungal Hastalıklar Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Yıllığı. Kınay, P. and M . Yıldız, 1994. The Effects of Some Fertilizers on Vine Decline on Melon Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. 9 th. Congress of Mediterranean Phytop. Union, 18 - 24 Sep. 1994, Kuşadası Turkey. 389-391. Maden, S. and S. İren, 1984. Fasulyelerde Tohumla Geçen Bazı Önemli Fungal Hastalık Etmenlerinin Tanımlanması, Taşınma Şekilleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayın No BK. 2: 1-15. Maiti, S., M. R. Hegde and S. B. Chattopadhyay, 1988. Handbook of Annual Oilseed Crops. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 325 p. Mandal, S.S., D. Verma and S. Kuila, 1992. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Seed Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 62: 258-262. Muhamman, M. A. and D. T. Gungula, 2008. Growth Parameters of Sesame (Sesamum İndicum L.) as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorous Levels in Mubi. Nigeria. J. of Sustainable Development in Agriculture & Environment, 3(2): 80-86. Muhamman, M. A., D. T. Gungula and A.A. Sajo, 2009. Phenological and Yield Characteristics of Sesame (Sesamum İndicum L.) as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorous Rates in Mubi, Northern Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Emir. J. Food Agric., 21(1): 1-9. Noorka, I. R., S. Rehman, J. R. Haidry, I. Khaliq, S. Tabassam and M. Din, 2009. Effect of Water Stress on Physicochemical Properties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pak. J. Bot., 41(6): 2917-2924. Onan, E., 1994. In-Vitro Effect of Fertilizers on Growth and Sclerotial Production of Macrophomina phaseolina, the Cause of Charcoal Rot of Sunflower, J.Turk.Phytopath., 23:67-71. Onan, E., M. Çimen ve A. Karcılıoğlu, 1992. Fungal Diseases of Sunflower in Aegean Region of Türkiye. J. Turk. Phytopath. 21: 101-107. Oplinger, E. S., D.H. Putman, A.R. Kaminski, C.V. Hanson, E.A. Oelke, E.E. Shulte and J.D. Dooll, 1997. Sesame. [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/sesame.html] Erişim Tarihi: 28.08.2013. Papavizas, G. C., 1977. Some Factors Affecting Survival of Sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina in Soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 9(5): 337-341. Prakasha, N. D. and S. Thimmegowda, 1989. Effect of Moisture Regimes in Conjunction with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels on Consumptive Use in Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian Agriculturist 33(4): 233-238. Ramanathan, S.P. and B. Chandrasekaran, 1998. Effect of Nipping, Plant Geometry and Fertilizer on Summer Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian J. Agron. 43(2): 329-332. Sağır, P., A. Sağır ve T. Söğüt, 2009. Bazı Susam Hatlarının Kökboğazı Çürüklüğü Hastalığı (Macrophomina phaseolina )’na Karşı Reaksiyonları ve Hastalık Gelişiminin Belirlenmesi. HR.Ü.Z.F.Dergisi 13(4): 49-56. Shehu, H. E., J. D. Kwari and M. K. Sandabe, 2010. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Mubi, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 3(12). Subramanian, A., S. Sankaran and R. Kulandaiveiv, 1979. Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to Nitrogen Fertilizer Application. Indian Agriculturist, 23(1): 43-48. Tan, A. Ş., 2002. Susam Tarımı ve Sorunları. Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Menemen, İzmir. [http://www.aari.gov.tr/etaeuretim/susamtarimi.htm]. Tatlı, F. ve A. Sağır, 1992. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde İkinci Ürün Mısır, Susam ve Soya’ da Görülen Bazı Fitopatolojik Sorunlar. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde İkinci Ürün Tarımı ve Sorunları Sempozyumu. 26- 29 Ekim 1992, Şanlıurfa. Tezcan, H. ve M. Yıldız, 1991. Ege Bölgesinde Bazı Toprak Kaynaklı Fungusların Neden Olduğu Kavun Kurumaları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. VI. Türkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi (7-11 Ekim 1991, İzmir), Türkiye Fitopatoloji Derneği Yayınları, No 6: 121-124. Vyas, S.C., 1981. Diseases in Sesamum in India and Their Control. Pesticides, 15: 10.
Yıl 2012,
Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1-2-3, 9 - 17, 28.05.2014
Öz
Kaynakça
- Ali, E. A., 2002. Response of Sesame Crop (Sesamum indicum L.) to Nitrogen and PK Fertilizers. Proc. 27th International Conf. for Statistics, Computer Science and its Applications, Cairo Univ., April 2002, 297-309. Anonim, 2009. Maize Diseases, Charcoal Rot. [http://www.pannarseed.co.za/uploads/ documents/1/charcoal_ rot.pdf]. Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2013. Arca, G. and M. Yıldız, 1990. Investigations on the Incidence of Tobacco Charcoal Rot Disease (Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) in the Aegean Region, Its Pathogenicity and Susceptibility of Turkish Tobacco Cultivars. J. Turk. Phytopath., 19: 13-19. Atakişi, İ. K., 1985. Yağ Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitapları Yayın No:147, 120 s, Adana. Avadhanı, K. K., S. S. Patıl, B. Mallanagoude and S. R. Parvatıcar, 1979. Nitrogen Fertilization and Its Influence on Charcoal Rot. Sorghum Newsletter, 22: 119-120. Ayers, P. G., 1978. Water Relations of Diseased Plants, pp.1-60. Water Deficits and Plant Growth (ed. T.T. Kozlowski). New York, USA: Academic Press.323 p. Baran, B. and S. Kurt, 2001. Evaluation of Sesame Line/Cultivars for Resistance Against Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.). Proceeding of IV. International Symposium “New and Non- tradiotional Plants and Prospects of Their Utilization, Vol.III, 23-25, Puschino, Moscow, Russia. Basha, H. A., 1994. Response of Two Sesame Cultivars to Nitrogen Level in Newly Reclaimed Sandy Soil. Zagazig J. Agric. Res., 21(3A): 603-616. Bassiem, M. M. and N. A. Anton, 1998. Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers and Foliar Spray With Ascorbic Acid on Sesame Plant in Sandy Soil. Ann. Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, 36(1): 95-103. Bremer, H., 1944. Über Welkekrankheiten In Südwest Anatolien Istanbuler Schriften, 18.,40Pp. Buanoğlu M., ve M. Yıldız, 1998. Toprak Kaynaklı Bazı Bitki Patojenlerine Kalsiyum Siyanamidin in-Vitro Etkililiği Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Türkiye 8. Fitopatoloji kongresi, Ankara, Bildiriler: 443-446. Cloude, G. L. and J. C. Rupe, 1994. Influence of Nitrogen, Plant Growth Stage and Environment on Charcoal Rot of Grain Sorghum Caused By Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Plant and Soil, 158(2): 203-201. Diourte, M., S. J. Star, M. J. Jeger, J. P. Stack and D. T. Rosenow, 1995. Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) Resistance and the Effect of Water Stress on Disease Development in Sorghum. Plant Pathology, 44: 196-202. El-Fiki, A. I. I., A. A. El-Deeb, F. G. Mohamed and M. M. A. Khalifa, 2004. Controlling Sesame Charcoal Rot Incited by Macrophomina phaseolina under Field Conditions by Using the Resistant Cultivars and Some Seed and Soil Treatments Egypt. J. Phytopathol., Vol. 32, No. 1-2, pp. 103-118. FAO, 2009. FAOSTAT.[http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html] Erişim tarihi: 04.07.2013. Fayed, E. H. M., A. A. Hassan and S. M. A. Hussain, 2000. Sesame Performance as Affected by Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Levels Under Drip Irrigation System in Newly Cultivated Sandy Soil. I. Yield and Yield Attributes. Ann. Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, 38(1): 65-73. Gaur. B. L. and Tomar, D. S., 1978. Chemical Weed Control in Sesame. Indian J. Agron. 23(1): 71. Gürkan, M., 1995. Diyarbakır ve Şanlıurfa İllerindeki Susam Ekim Alanlarında Görülen Fungal Hastalıkların Belirlenmesi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı (Yüksek Lisans Tezi ), 35 s., Tokat. Kamel, M. S., Shabana R. and Abu-Hagaza N.M., 1983. Population Arrangement and Fertility Level Effects on Yields of Seed and Oil of İrrigated Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Zeitschrift fur Acker- und Pflanzenbau, 152(4): 252-259. Karaca, İ., 1974. Sistematik Bitki Hastalıkları, Cilt IV. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 217, 272 s. Karcılıoğlu, A., E. Onan, M. Esentepe ve E. Sezgin, 1985. Ege Bölgesinde İkinci Ürün Soya ve Susam Ekim Alanlarında Görülen Fungal Hastalıklar Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Yıllığı. Kınay, P. and M . Yıldız, 1994. The Effects of Some Fertilizers on Vine Decline on Melon Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. 9 th. Congress of Mediterranean Phytop. Union, 18 - 24 Sep. 1994, Kuşadası Turkey. 389-391. Maden, S. and S. İren, 1984. Fasulyelerde Tohumla Geçen Bazı Önemli Fungal Hastalık Etmenlerinin Tanımlanması, Taşınma Şekilleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayın No BK. 2: 1-15. Maiti, S., M. R. Hegde and S. B. Chattopadhyay, 1988. Handbook of Annual Oilseed Crops. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 325 p. Mandal, S.S., D. Verma and S. Kuila, 1992. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Seed Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 62: 258-262. Muhamman, M. A. and D. T. Gungula, 2008. Growth Parameters of Sesame (Sesamum İndicum L.) as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorous Levels in Mubi. Nigeria. J. of Sustainable Development in Agriculture & Environment, 3(2): 80-86. Muhamman, M. A., D. T. Gungula and A.A. Sajo, 2009. Phenological and Yield Characteristics of Sesame (Sesamum İndicum L.) as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorous Rates in Mubi, Northern Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Emir. J. Food Agric., 21(1): 1-9. Noorka, I. R., S. Rehman, J. R. Haidry, I. Khaliq, S. Tabassam and M. Din, 2009. Effect of Water Stress on Physicochemical Properties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pak. J. Bot., 41(6): 2917-2924. Onan, E., 1994. In-Vitro Effect of Fertilizers on Growth and Sclerotial Production of Macrophomina phaseolina, the Cause of Charcoal Rot of Sunflower, J.Turk.Phytopath., 23:67-71. Onan, E., M. Çimen ve A. Karcılıoğlu, 1992. Fungal Diseases of Sunflower in Aegean Region of Türkiye. J. Turk. Phytopath. 21: 101-107. Oplinger, E. S., D.H. Putman, A.R. Kaminski, C.V. Hanson, E.A. Oelke, E.E. Shulte and J.D. Dooll, 1997. Sesame. [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/sesame.html] Erişim Tarihi: 28.08.2013. Papavizas, G. C., 1977. Some Factors Affecting Survival of Sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina in Soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 9(5): 337-341. Prakasha, N. D. and S. Thimmegowda, 1989. Effect of Moisture Regimes in Conjunction with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels on Consumptive Use in Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian Agriculturist 33(4): 233-238. Ramanathan, S.P. and B. Chandrasekaran, 1998. Effect of Nipping, Plant Geometry and Fertilizer on Summer Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian J. Agron. 43(2): 329-332. Sağır, P., A. Sağır ve T. Söğüt, 2009. Bazı Susam Hatlarının Kökboğazı Çürüklüğü Hastalığı (Macrophomina phaseolina )’na Karşı Reaksiyonları ve Hastalık Gelişiminin Belirlenmesi. HR.Ü.Z.F.Dergisi 13(4): 49-56. Shehu, H. E., J. D. Kwari and M. K. Sandabe, 2010. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Mubi, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 3(12). Subramanian, A., S. Sankaran and R. Kulandaiveiv, 1979. Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to Nitrogen Fertilizer Application. Indian Agriculturist, 23(1): 43-48. Tan, A. Ş., 2002. Susam Tarımı ve Sorunları. Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Menemen, İzmir. [http://www.aari.gov.tr/etaeuretim/susamtarimi.htm]. Tatlı, F. ve A. Sağır, 1992. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde İkinci Ürün Mısır, Susam ve Soya’ da Görülen Bazı Fitopatolojik Sorunlar. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde İkinci Ürün Tarımı ve Sorunları Sempozyumu. 26- 29 Ekim 1992, Şanlıurfa. Tezcan, H. ve M. Yıldız, 1991. Ege Bölgesinde Bazı Toprak Kaynaklı Fungusların Neden Olduğu Kavun Kurumaları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. VI. Türkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi (7-11 Ekim 1991, İzmir), Türkiye Fitopatoloji Derneği Yayınları, No 6: 121-124. Vyas, S.C., 1981. Diseases in Sesamum in India and Their Control. Pesticides, 15: 10.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Mayıs 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2012 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1-2-3 |
Kaynak Göster
Türkiye Fitopatoloji Derneği | http://www.fitopatoloji.org.tr