Research Article
Determination of the Genotoxicity of the Soil in the Aydın Region Irrigated by Büyük Menderes River by the Allium Test System
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most important problems is environmental
pollution. Environmental pollution in the Büyük Menderes River-basin, which is
one of the agricultural fields in Turkey, has reached important dimensions. B.
Menderes River which waters B. Menderes River-basin and fields around it is
contaminated by various sources.
In this study the genotoxicity of the soil
samples taken from three different regions in two different months (September
2006 and March 2007) in the Aydın region of B. Menderes River-basin was
researched with the Allium test.
The soil samples were taken from the lands
watered by the B. Menderes River and Çine Stream; the fields near the B.
Menderes Bridge (on the Muğla main road), the Çine Stream, and the Koçarlı
Bridge in September and March. 25%, 50%, 100% concentrations were prepared
diluting these samples and onions (Allium
cepa L.) were rooted. At the end of the studies, the decrease in the
mitotic index was found to be statistically important according to the control
in all the doses except 25% of the Çine doses in September and March.
The study soil samples taken from the three different
regions in two different months caused structural chromosomal aberrations such
as anaphase bridge, fragment, stickiness, and polar deviation in the Allium cepa L. root tip cells. It has
been emphasized that the difference in all the doses except for 25% Menderes,
25% Koçarlı, 50% doses in September and 25% Çine, 25% Menderes, 25%, 25%
Koçarlı, Koçarlı, 50% doses in March are important according to the control in
the total chromosomal aberrations.
References
- [1]. Soodan, R.K., Katnoria, J.K., Nagpal, A. Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay: An efficient test system for evaluating genotoxicity of agricultural soil. Int. J. Sci. and Res.,3-8 (2014) 245-250.
- [2]. Pohren, R.S., Costa, T.C., Vargas, V.M.F. Investigation of Sensitivity of the Allium cepa Test as an Alert System to Evaluate the Genotoxic Potential of Soil Contaminated by Heavy Metals. Water Air Soil Pollut., 224 (2013) 1460.
- [3]. Aydın İl Çevre Durum Raporu, (2006). Aydın İl Çevre Müdürlüğü.
- [4]. Bekaert, C., Rast, C., Ferrier, V., Bispo, A., Jourdain, M.J., Vasseur, P. Use of in vitro (Ames and Mutatox tests) and in vivo (Amphibian Micronucleus test) assay to asses the genotoxicity of leachates from a contaminated soil. Organic Geochemistry, 30 (1999) 953-962.
- [5]. Cotelle, S., Masfaraud, J.F., Ferard, J.F. Assement of The genotoxicity of contaminated soil with the Allium/Vicia-micronucleus and Tradescantia micronucleus assays. Mutation Res., 426 (1999) 167-171.
- [6]. İnceer, H., Beyazoğlu, O. (2000). Bakır klörür’ün Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray kök ucu hücreleri üzerine sitogenetik etkileri. Türk J. Biol., 24 (2000) 553-559.
- [7]. Lui, D., Jiang, W., Gao, X. Effects of Cadmium on root growth, cell division and nucleoli in root tip cells of Garlic. Biologia Plantarum, 47 ( 2003) 79-83.
- [8]. Çelik, T.A., Sümer, Ş. (1996). Basudin (20EM)’in Arpa mitotik kromozomları üzerine etkileri. Türk Biyoloji Dergisi, 20-1 (1996) 21-28.
- [9]. Soheir, M.A., Odette, R.F. Cytological effects of pesticides XII of the phosphorathioate insecticide Dursban on the mitosis of V. faba. Cytologia, 48 (1983) 27-33.
- [10]. Türkoğlu, Ş., Koca, S. The effects of Paraquat (Gramoxone) on mitotic division, chromosomes and DNA amount in Vicia faba. Cumhuriyet Uni. Fen-Ed. Fak. Fen Bil. Derg., 21 (1999) 49-55.
- [11]. Yüzbaşıoğlu, D., F. Unal, C. Sancak and R. Kasab. Cytological effects of herbicide racer flurochloridone on Allium cepa. Caryologia, 56 (2003) 97-105.
- [12]. Soykan Sarı, H., Koca, S. Effects of Dichlorvos (DDVP) on mitosis and chromosomes in Allium cepa L. root tip meristem cells. Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science Science Journal (CSJ), 35-3 (2014) 36-45.
- [13]. Kovalchuk, O., Kovalchuk, I., Arkhipov, A., Telyuk, P., Hohn, B., Kovalchuk, L. The Allium cepa chromosome aberration test reliably measures genotoxicity of soils of inhabitat areas in the Ukraina contaminated by the Chernobly accident. Mutation Res., 415 (1998) 47-57.
- [14]. Knasmuller, S., Gottman, e., Steinkellr, H., Fomin, A., Pickl, C., Paschke, A., God, R., Kundi, M. Detection of genotoxic effect of heavy metal contaminated Soils with plant bioassays. Mutation Res., 420 (1998) 37-48.
- [15]. Reifferscheid, G., Grummt, T. Genoyoxicity in German surface waters-results of a collaborative study. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 123 (2000) 67-79.
- [16]. Sudakhar, D., Ninge-Gowda, K.N.,Venu, G. Mitotic abnormalities induced silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells of Allium cepa. Cytlogia, 66 (2001) 235-239.
- [17]. Rieger, R., Michaelis, A. Effects of chromosome repottering in Vicia faba L. aberration, distribution, aberration spectrum and karyotype sensivity after treatment with ethanol and differently reconsructed chromosome complements. Biol. Zbl., 92 (1972) 151-159.
- [18]. Rieger, R., Nicolof, H., Michaelis, A. Introchromosomal clustering of chromatic aberrations induced by N-methyl-N-nitroso urethan in Vicia faba and barley. Biol. Zbl., 92 (1973) 681-689.
- [19]. Matsumoto, S.T., Mantovani, M.S., Malaguttii, M.I.A., Dias, A.L., Fonseca, I.C., Marin-Morales, M.A. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery effluents, as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the fish Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion root-tips. Genetics and Moleculary Biology, 29-1 (2006) 148-158.
- [20]. Türkoglu, Ş.. Genotoxicity of five food preservatives tested on root tips of Allium cepa L. Mutation Res., 626 (2007) 4-14.
- [21]. Türkoglu, Ş. Evaluation of genotoxic effects of Sodium propionate, Calcium propionate and Potassium propionate on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (2008) 2035-2041.
- [22]. Gömürgen, A.N. Cytological effect of the Potassium metabisulphite and Potassium nitrate food presevative on root tips of Allium cepa L. Cytologia, 70 (2005) 119-128.
- [23]. Klasterska, I., Natarajan, A.T., Ramel, C.. An interpretation of the origin of subchromatid aberration and chromosome stickiness as a category of chromatid aberrations. Hereditas, 83 (1976) 15-162.
- [24]. Badr, A., Ibrahim, A.G. Effects of herbicide Glean on mitosis, chromosomes and nucleic acids in Allium cepa and Vicia faba root meristems. Cytologia, 52 (1987) 293-302.
- [25]. Badr, A. Effect of the s-triazine herbicide Terbutryn on mitosis chromosomes and nucleic acids in root tips on Vicia faba. Cytologia, 51 (1986) 571-578.
- [26]. El-Ghamery, A.A., El-Nahas, A.I., Mansour, M.M., The article of Atrazine herbicide as an indicator of cell division on chromosomes and nucleic acids content in root meristems of Allium cepa and Vicia faba. Cytologia, 65 (2000) 277-287.
- [27]. Amer, S.M., Farah, O.R. Cytological effects of pesticides XIV. Effect of the insecticide Dipterex “Trichlorophon” on Vicia faba plant. Cytologia,48 (1974) 761-770.
- [28]. Wang, J-J., Cheng, W-X., Ding, W., Zhao, Z.M. The effect of the insecticide Dichlorvos on estarase activity exracted from the psocids, Liposcelis bostrychophila and L. entomophila. Journal of Insect Science,4-23 (2004) 1-5.
- [29]. Grover, I.S., Kaur, S. Genotoxicity of wastewater samples from sewage and industrial effluent detected by the Allium cepa root aberration and micronucleus assays. Mutation Res.,426 (1999) 183-188.
- [30]. Rank, J., Nielsen, M.H. Genotoxicity testing of wastewater sludge using the Allium cepa anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration assay. Mutation Res., 418 (1998) 113-119.
- [31]. Katnoria, J.K., Arora, S., Bhardwaj, R., Nagpal, A. Evaluation of genotoxic potential of industrial waste contaminated soil extracts of Amritsar, India. J. Environ. Biol., 32 (2011) 363-367.
- [32]. Nasta, A., Gunther, E. Mitoseanomalien bei Allium cepa und Hordeum vulgare nach einvirkung eines carbamat herbizids. Biol. Zbl., 92 (1973) 27-36.
Büyük Menderes Nehri ile Sulanan Aydın Bölgesi’ndeki Toprakların Genotoksisitesinin Allium Test Sistemi ile Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Günümüzün en önemli
sorunlarından biri çevre kirliliğidir. Ülkemizin önemli tarım alanlarından biri
olan Büyük Menderes Havzasındaki çevre kirliliği önemli boyutlara ulaşmıştır.
Büyük Menderes Havzasını sulayan Büyük Menderes Nehri ve çevresindeki topraklar
çeşitli kaynaklar tarafından kirletilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada Büyük Menderes
Havzasının Aydın bölgesinde üç farklı bölgeden iki farklı ayda (Eylül 2006,
Mart 2007) alınan toprak örneklerinin genotoksisitesi Allium test ile
araştırılmıştır.
Büyük Menderes Nehri ve Çine
Çayının sularıyla sulanan topraklardan; Büyük Menderes Köprüsü (Muğla Yolu
üzeri), Çine Çayı ve Koçarlı Köprüsü yanındaki tarlalardan Eylül ve Mart
aylarında toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Bu örnekler sulandırılarak %25, %50 ve
%100'lük konsantrasyonlar hazırlanmış ve soğanlar (Allium cepa L.) bu
sularda köklendirilmiştir.
Yapılan incelemeler sonunda
Eylül ve Mart ayları Çine %25'lik dozlar dışındaki tüm dozlarda kontrole göre
mitotik indeksteki düşüş istatistiki olarak önemli çıkmıştır. Çalışmamızda iki farklı ayda
üç farklı bölgeden alınan toprak örnekleri Allium cepa L. (soğan) kök
ucu hücrelerinde anafaz köprüsü, fragment, kromozom yapışması ve yanlış
kutuplaşma gibi yapısal kromozom anormalliklerine yol açmıştır.
Toplam kromozom aberasyonları bakımından Eylül ayı
Menderes %25, Koçarlı %25, Koçarlı %50 ve Mart ayı Çine %25, Menderes %25,
Koçarlı %25, Koçarlı %50 dozları dışındaki tüm dozlarda farkın kontrole göre
önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir.
References
- [1]. Soodan, R.K., Katnoria, J.K., Nagpal, A. Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay: An efficient test system for evaluating genotoxicity of agricultural soil. Int. J. Sci. and Res.,3-8 (2014) 245-250.
- [2]. Pohren, R.S., Costa, T.C., Vargas, V.M.F. Investigation of Sensitivity of the Allium cepa Test as an Alert System to Evaluate the Genotoxic Potential of Soil Contaminated by Heavy Metals. Water Air Soil Pollut., 224 (2013) 1460.
- [3]. Aydın İl Çevre Durum Raporu, (2006). Aydın İl Çevre Müdürlüğü.
- [4]. Bekaert, C., Rast, C., Ferrier, V., Bispo, A., Jourdain, M.J., Vasseur, P. Use of in vitro (Ames and Mutatox tests) and in vivo (Amphibian Micronucleus test) assay to asses the genotoxicity of leachates from a contaminated soil. Organic Geochemistry, 30 (1999) 953-962.
- [5]. Cotelle, S., Masfaraud, J.F., Ferard, J.F. Assement of The genotoxicity of contaminated soil with the Allium/Vicia-micronucleus and Tradescantia micronucleus assays. Mutation Res., 426 (1999) 167-171.
- [6]. İnceer, H., Beyazoğlu, O. (2000). Bakır klörür’ün Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray kök ucu hücreleri üzerine sitogenetik etkileri. Türk J. Biol., 24 (2000) 553-559.
- [7]. Lui, D., Jiang, W., Gao, X. Effects of Cadmium on root growth, cell division and nucleoli in root tip cells of Garlic. Biologia Plantarum, 47 ( 2003) 79-83.
- [8]. Çelik, T.A., Sümer, Ş. (1996). Basudin (20EM)’in Arpa mitotik kromozomları üzerine etkileri. Türk Biyoloji Dergisi, 20-1 (1996) 21-28.
- [9]. Soheir, M.A., Odette, R.F. Cytological effects of pesticides XII of the phosphorathioate insecticide Dursban on the mitosis of V. faba. Cytologia, 48 (1983) 27-33.
- [10]. Türkoğlu, Ş., Koca, S. The effects of Paraquat (Gramoxone) on mitotic division, chromosomes and DNA amount in Vicia faba. Cumhuriyet Uni. Fen-Ed. Fak. Fen Bil. Derg., 21 (1999) 49-55.
- [11]. Yüzbaşıoğlu, D., F. Unal, C. Sancak and R. Kasab. Cytological effects of herbicide racer flurochloridone on Allium cepa. Caryologia, 56 (2003) 97-105.
- [12]. Soykan Sarı, H., Koca, S. Effects of Dichlorvos (DDVP) on mitosis and chromosomes in Allium cepa L. root tip meristem cells. Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science Science Journal (CSJ), 35-3 (2014) 36-45.
- [13]. Kovalchuk, O., Kovalchuk, I., Arkhipov, A., Telyuk, P., Hohn, B., Kovalchuk, L. The Allium cepa chromosome aberration test reliably measures genotoxicity of soils of inhabitat areas in the Ukraina contaminated by the Chernobly accident. Mutation Res., 415 (1998) 47-57.
- [14]. Knasmuller, S., Gottman, e., Steinkellr, H., Fomin, A., Pickl, C., Paschke, A., God, R., Kundi, M. Detection of genotoxic effect of heavy metal contaminated Soils with plant bioassays. Mutation Res., 420 (1998) 37-48.
- [15]. Reifferscheid, G., Grummt, T. Genoyoxicity in German surface waters-results of a collaborative study. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 123 (2000) 67-79.
- [16]. Sudakhar, D., Ninge-Gowda, K.N.,Venu, G. Mitotic abnormalities induced silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells of Allium cepa. Cytlogia, 66 (2001) 235-239.
- [17]. Rieger, R., Michaelis, A. Effects of chromosome repottering in Vicia faba L. aberration, distribution, aberration spectrum and karyotype sensivity after treatment with ethanol and differently reconsructed chromosome complements. Biol. Zbl., 92 (1972) 151-159.
- [18]. Rieger, R., Nicolof, H., Michaelis, A. Introchromosomal clustering of chromatic aberrations induced by N-methyl-N-nitroso urethan in Vicia faba and barley. Biol. Zbl., 92 (1973) 681-689.
- [19]. Matsumoto, S.T., Mantovani, M.S., Malaguttii, M.I.A., Dias, A.L., Fonseca, I.C., Marin-Morales, M.A. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery effluents, as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the fish Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion root-tips. Genetics and Moleculary Biology, 29-1 (2006) 148-158.
- [20]. Türkoglu, Ş.. Genotoxicity of five food preservatives tested on root tips of Allium cepa L. Mutation Res., 626 (2007) 4-14.
- [21]. Türkoglu, Ş. Evaluation of genotoxic effects of Sodium propionate, Calcium propionate and Potassium propionate on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (2008) 2035-2041.
- [22]. Gömürgen, A.N. Cytological effect of the Potassium metabisulphite and Potassium nitrate food presevative on root tips of Allium cepa L. Cytologia, 70 (2005) 119-128.
- [23]. Klasterska, I., Natarajan, A.T., Ramel, C.. An interpretation of the origin of subchromatid aberration and chromosome stickiness as a category of chromatid aberrations. Hereditas, 83 (1976) 15-162.
- [24]. Badr, A., Ibrahim, A.G. Effects of herbicide Glean on mitosis, chromosomes and nucleic acids in Allium cepa and Vicia faba root meristems. Cytologia, 52 (1987) 293-302.
- [25]. Badr, A. Effect of the s-triazine herbicide Terbutryn on mitosis chromosomes and nucleic acids in root tips on Vicia faba. Cytologia, 51 (1986) 571-578.
- [26]. El-Ghamery, A.A., El-Nahas, A.I., Mansour, M.M., The article of Atrazine herbicide as an indicator of cell division on chromosomes and nucleic acids content in root meristems of Allium cepa and Vicia faba. Cytologia, 65 (2000) 277-287.
- [27]. Amer, S.M., Farah, O.R. Cytological effects of pesticides XIV. Effect of the insecticide Dipterex “Trichlorophon” on Vicia faba plant. Cytologia,48 (1974) 761-770.
- [28]. Wang, J-J., Cheng, W-X., Ding, W., Zhao, Z.M. The effect of the insecticide Dichlorvos on estarase activity exracted from the psocids, Liposcelis bostrychophila and L. entomophila. Journal of Insect Science,4-23 (2004) 1-5.
- [29]. Grover, I.S., Kaur, S. Genotoxicity of wastewater samples from sewage and industrial effluent detected by the Allium cepa root aberration and micronucleus assays. Mutation Res.,426 (1999) 183-188.
- [30]. Rank, J., Nielsen, M.H. Genotoxicity testing of wastewater sludge using the Allium cepa anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration assay. Mutation Res., 418 (1998) 113-119.
- [31]. Katnoria, J.K., Arora, S., Bhardwaj, R., Nagpal, A. Evaluation of genotoxic potential of industrial waste contaminated soil extracts of Amritsar, India. J. Environ. Biol., 32 (2011) 363-367.
- [32]. Nasta, A., Gunther, E. Mitoseanomalien bei Allium cepa und Hordeum vulgare nach einvirkung eines carbamat herbizids. Biol. Zbl., 92 (1973) 27-36.
There are 32 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Natural Sciences |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 16, 2018 |
| Submission Date | June 6, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | February 22, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 |