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Altitude Triggers Some Biochemical Adaptations of Polygonum cognatum Meissn. Plants

Year 2018, , 621 - 627, 30.09.2018

Oksal Macar , Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.375050
Cited By: 6

Abstract

Madimak is a local name of Polygonum cognatum which is known as a nutrient- and phenolic-rich
edible plant in Turkish traditional cuisine. Knotweed (madimak) is usually
found in both agricultural and non-agricultural areas at different altitudes
from 720 to 3000 meters. This study aimed to investigate some biochemical
effects of altitude in knotweed plants. Knotweed leaf samples collected from
two different elevations (1656 and 1170 meters) of mountainous regions of
Şebinkarahisar (Giresun, Turkey) at optimum vegetation stage. The total
chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were determined in fresh leaves while the
total flavonoid amount, proline and the total soluble sugar contents in dried
leaf samples spectrophotometrically. The proline and the total flavonoid
contents were more abundant whereas the amounts of soluble sugars, the total
chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased at higher altitude plants. Altitudinal
gradient affects the important parameters in the biochemistry of knotweed.  Especially, owing to the flavonoid-rich
content, higher located knotweed could be defined as a functional food.

Keywords

Altitude Flavonoid Polygonum cognatum Photosynthetic pigment Proline Soluble sugar

References

  • [1]. Korner C, Diemer M. In situ photosynthetic responses to light, temperature and carbon dioxide in herbaceous plants from low and high altitude. Funct Ecol. 1(3) (1987) 179-194.
  • [2]. Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Alam MM, Roychowdhury R, Fujita M. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. Int J Mol Sci. 14(5) (2013) 9643-9684.
  • [3]. Jaakola L, Hohtola A. Effect of latitude on flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 33(8) (2010) 1239-1247.
  • [4]. Close DC, McArthur C. Rethinking the role of many plant phenolics–protection from photodamage not herbivores?. Oikos. 2002; 99(1) (2002) 166-172.
  • [5]. Brunetti C, Di Ferdinando M, Fini A, Pollastri S, Tattini M. Flavonoids as antioxidants and developmental regulators: relative significance in plants and humans. Int J Mol Sci. 14(2) (2013) 3540-3555.
  • [6]. Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 52(4) (2000) 673-751.
  • [7]. Xing RR, He F, Xiao HL, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Accumulation pattern of flavonoids in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown in a low-latitude and high-altitude region. S Afr J Enol Vitic. 36(1) (2015) 32-43.
  • [8]. Ma L, Yang L, Zhao J, Wei J, Kong X, Wang C, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the role of hydrogen sulfide in the adaptation of the alpine plant Lamiophlomis rotata to altitude gradient in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Planta. 241(4) (2015) 887-906.
  • [9]. Cao YY, Yang, MT, Li X, Zhou ZQ, Wang XJ, Bai JG. Exogenous sucrose increases chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings by modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating proline and soluble sugar contents. Sci Hortic 179 (2014) 67-77.
  • [10]. Xi Z, Wang Z, Fang Y, Hu Z, Hu Y, Deng M, Zhang Z. Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on antioxidation defense and osmoregulation systems of young grapevines (V. vinifera L.) under chilling stress. Plant Growth Regul. 71(1) (2013) 57-65.
  • [11]. Mohammadkhani N, Heidari R. Drought-induced accumulation of soluble sugars and proline in two maize varieties. World Appl Sci J. 3(3) (2008) 448-453.
  • [12]. González JA, Gallardo MG, Boero C, Cruz ML, Prado FE. Altitudinal and seasonal variation of protective and photosynthetic pigments in leaves of the world's highest elevation trees Polylepis tarapacana (Rosaceae). Acta Oecol.32(1) (2007) 36-41.
  • [13]. Zhang SB, Zhou ZK, Hu H, Xu K, Yan N, Li, SY. Photosynthetic performances of Quercuspannosa vary with altitude in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China. For Ecol Manage. 212(1) (2005) 291-301.
  • [14]. Richardson AD, Berlyn GP. Spectral reflectance and photosynthetic properties of Betula papyrifera (Betulaceae) leaves along an elevational gradient on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, USA. Am J Bot. 89(1) (2002) 88-94.
  • [15]. Turan M, Kordali S, Zengin H, Dursun A, Sezen Y. Macro and micro mineral content of some wild edible leaves consumed in Eastern Anatolia. Acta Agric Scand B Soil Plant Sci. 53(3) (2003) 129-137.
  • [16]. Yoon YE, Kuppusamy S, Cho KM, Kim PJ, Kwack YB, Lee YB. Influence of cold stress on contents of soluble sugars, vitamin C and free amino acids including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Food Chem. 215 (2017) 185-192.
  • [17]. Kibar B, Kibar H. Determination of the nutritional and seed properties of some wild edible plants consumed as vegetable in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. S Afr J Bot. 108 (2017) 117-125.
  • [18]. Khan H, Jan SA, Javed M, Shaheen R, Khan Z, Ahmad A, et al. Nutritional composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of selected wild edible plants. J Food Biochem. 40(1) (2016) 61-70.
  • [19]. Kibar B, Temel S. Evaluation of mineral composition of some wild edible plants growing in the Eastern Anatolia region grasslands of Turkey and consumed as vegetable. J Food Process Preserv. 40(1) (2016) 56-66.
  • [20]. Jman Redzic S. Wild edible plants and their traditional use in the human nutrition in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. Ecol Food Nutr. 45(3) (2006) 189-232.
  • [21]. Yıldırım A, Mavi A, Kara AA. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts. J Sci Food Agric. 83(1) (2003) 64-69.
  • [22]. Bayrak Özbucak T, Ergen Akçin Ö, Yalçın S. Nutrition contents of the some wild edible plants in Central Black Sea region of Turkey. IJNES. 1 (2007) 11-13.
  • [23]. Lichtenthaler HK. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Meth Enzymol. 148 (1987) 350-382.
  • [24]. Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil.39(1) (1973) 205-207.
  • [25]. Weimberg R. Solute adjustments in leaves of two species of wheat at two different stages of growth in response to salinity. Physiol Plant. 70(3) (1987) 381-388.
  • [26]. Marinova D, Ribarova F, Atanassova M. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. J Chem Technol Metall.40(3) (2005) 255-260.
  • [27]. Yemm EW, Willis AJ. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochem J. 57(3) (1954) 508-514.
  • [28]. Öncel I, Yurdakulol E, Keleş Y, Kurt L, Yıldız A. Role of antioxidant defense system and biochemical adaptation on stress tolerance of high mountain and steppe plants. Acta Oecol. 26(3) (2004) 211-218.
  • [29]. Nenadis N, Wang LF, Tsimidou M, Zhang HY. Estimation of scavenging activity of phenolic compounds using the ABTS•+ assay. J Agric Food Chem. 52(15) (2004) 4669-4674.
  • [30]. Casati P, Walbot V. Differential accumulation of maysin and rhamnosylisoorientin in leaves of high‐altitude landraces of maize after UV‐B exposure. Plant Cell Environ. 28(6) (2005) 788-799.
  • [31]. Caldwell MM, Robberecht R, Flint SD. Internal filters: prospects for UV‐acclimation in higher plants. Physiol Plant. 58(3) (1983) 445-450.
  • [32]. Teramura AH, Sullivan JH. Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of terrestrial plants. Photosynth Res. 39(3) (1994) 463-473.
  • [33]. Unal BT, Guvensen A, Dereboylu AE, Ozturk M. Variations in the proline and total protein contents in Origanum sipyleum L. from different altitudes of spil mountain Turkey. Pak J Bot. 45(1) (2013) 571-576.
  • [34]. Koç E, İşlek C, Üstün AS. Effect of cold on protein, proline, phenolic compounds and chlorophyll content of two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties. GUJS. 23(1) (2010) 1-6.
  • [35]. Berli FJ, Alonso R, Bressan‐Smith R, Bottini R. UV‐B impairs growth and gas exchange in grapevines grown in high altitude. Physiol Plant. 149(1) (2013) 127-140.
  • [36]. Yan Z, Guo S, Shu S, Sun J, Tezuka T. Effects of proline on photosynthesis, root reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in two melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) under NaCl stress. Afr J Biotechnol. 10(80) (2011) 18381-18390.
  • [37]. Couée I, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G, El Amrani A. Involvement of soluble sugars in reactive oxygen species balance and responses to oxidative stress in plants. J Exp Bot. 57(3) (2006) 449-459.
  • [38]. Bano A, Rehman A, Winiger M. Altitudinal variation in the content of protein, proline, sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) in the alpine herbs from Hunza valley, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 41(4) (2009) 1593-1602.

İrtifa Polygonum cognatum Meissn. Bitkilerindeki Bazı Biyokimyasal Değişiklikleri Tetiklemektedir

Year 2018, , 621 - 627, 30.09.2018

Oksal Macar , Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.375050
Cited By: 6

Abstract

Geleneksel Türk mutfağında besin maddesi ve
fenolik madde bakımından zengin bir bitki olarak bilinen Polygonum cognatum’un yerel ismi madımaktır. Madımak genellikle hem
tarımsal hem de tarımsal olmayan alanlarda 720’den 3000 metreye kadar değişen
yüksekliklerde bulunur. Bu çalışma irtifanın madımak bitkileri üzerindeki bazı
biyokimyasal etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Madımak yaprak örnekleri
optimum vejetasyon döneminde Şebinkarahisar’ın (Giresun, Türkiye) dağlık
bölgelerindeki 2 farklı irtifadan (1656 ve 1170 metre) toplanmıştır. Toplam
klorofil ve karotenoid seviyeleri taze yapraklarda; toplam flavonoid miktarı,
prolin ve toplam çözünebilir şeker içerikleri ise kuru yaprak örneklerinde
spektrofotometrik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Yüksek irtifa bitkilerindeki prolin
ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri daha fazla iken; çözülebilir şeker, toplam
klorofil ve karotenoidler azalmıştır. İrtifa değişimi madımağın biyokimyasında
önemli parametreleri etkilemektedir. Özellikle, flavonoid bakımından zengin
içeriği sayesinde, yüksek irtifada bulunan madımak bir fonksiyonel gıda olarak
tanımlanabilir.

Keywords

Çözünebilir şeker Flavonoid Fotosentetik pigment İrtifa Polygonum cognatum Prolin

References

  • [1]. Korner C, Diemer M. In situ photosynthetic responses to light, temperature and carbon dioxide in herbaceous plants from low and high altitude. Funct Ecol. 1(3) (1987) 179-194.
  • [2]. Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Alam MM, Roychowdhury R, Fujita M. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. Int J Mol Sci. 14(5) (2013) 9643-9684.
  • [3]. Jaakola L, Hohtola A. Effect of latitude on flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 33(8) (2010) 1239-1247.
  • [4]. Close DC, McArthur C. Rethinking the role of many plant phenolics–protection from photodamage not herbivores?. Oikos. 2002; 99(1) (2002) 166-172.
  • [5]. Brunetti C, Di Ferdinando M, Fini A, Pollastri S, Tattini M. Flavonoids as antioxidants and developmental regulators: relative significance in plants and humans. Int J Mol Sci. 14(2) (2013) 3540-3555.
  • [6]. Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 52(4) (2000) 673-751.
  • [7]. Xing RR, He F, Xiao HL, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Accumulation pattern of flavonoids in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown in a low-latitude and high-altitude region. S Afr J Enol Vitic. 36(1) (2015) 32-43.
  • [8]. Ma L, Yang L, Zhao J, Wei J, Kong X, Wang C, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the role of hydrogen sulfide in the adaptation of the alpine plant Lamiophlomis rotata to altitude gradient in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Planta. 241(4) (2015) 887-906.
  • [9]. Cao YY, Yang, MT, Li X, Zhou ZQ, Wang XJ, Bai JG. Exogenous sucrose increases chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings by modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating proline and soluble sugar contents. Sci Hortic 179 (2014) 67-77.
  • [10]. Xi Z, Wang Z, Fang Y, Hu Z, Hu Y, Deng M, Zhang Z. Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on antioxidation defense and osmoregulation systems of young grapevines (V. vinifera L.) under chilling stress. Plant Growth Regul. 71(1) (2013) 57-65.
  • [11]. Mohammadkhani N, Heidari R. Drought-induced accumulation of soluble sugars and proline in two maize varieties. World Appl Sci J. 3(3) (2008) 448-453.
  • [12]. González JA, Gallardo MG, Boero C, Cruz ML, Prado FE. Altitudinal and seasonal variation of protective and photosynthetic pigments in leaves of the world's highest elevation trees Polylepis tarapacana (Rosaceae). Acta Oecol.32(1) (2007) 36-41.
  • [13]. Zhang SB, Zhou ZK, Hu H, Xu K, Yan N, Li, SY. Photosynthetic performances of Quercuspannosa vary with altitude in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China. For Ecol Manage. 212(1) (2005) 291-301.
  • [14]. Richardson AD, Berlyn GP. Spectral reflectance and photosynthetic properties of Betula papyrifera (Betulaceae) leaves along an elevational gradient on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, USA. Am J Bot. 89(1) (2002) 88-94.
  • [15]. Turan M, Kordali S, Zengin H, Dursun A, Sezen Y. Macro and micro mineral content of some wild edible leaves consumed in Eastern Anatolia. Acta Agric Scand B Soil Plant Sci. 53(3) (2003) 129-137.
  • [16]. Yoon YE, Kuppusamy S, Cho KM, Kim PJ, Kwack YB, Lee YB. Influence of cold stress on contents of soluble sugars, vitamin C and free amino acids including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Food Chem. 215 (2017) 185-192.
  • [17]. Kibar B, Kibar H. Determination of the nutritional and seed properties of some wild edible plants consumed as vegetable in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. S Afr J Bot. 108 (2017) 117-125.
  • [18]. Khan H, Jan SA, Javed M, Shaheen R, Khan Z, Ahmad A, et al. Nutritional composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of selected wild edible plants. J Food Biochem. 40(1) (2016) 61-70.
  • [19]. Kibar B, Temel S. Evaluation of mineral composition of some wild edible plants growing in the Eastern Anatolia region grasslands of Turkey and consumed as vegetable. J Food Process Preserv. 40(1) (2016) 56-66.
  • [20]. Jman Redzic S. Wild edible plants and their traditional use in the human nutrition in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. Ecol Food Nutr. 45(3) (2006) 189-232.
  • [21]. Yıldırım A, Mavi A, Kara AA. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts. J Sci Food Agric. 83(1) (2003) 64-69.
  • [22]. Bayrak Özbucak T, Ergen Akçin Ö, Yalçın S. Nutrition contents of the some wild edible plants in Central Black Sea region of Turkey. IJNES. 1 (2007) 11-13.
  • [23]. Lichtenthaler HK. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Meth Enzymol. 148 (1987) 350-382.
  • [24]. Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil.39(1) (1973) 205-207.
  • [25]. Weimberg R. Solute adjustments in leaves of two species of wheat at two different stages of growth in response to salinity. Physiol Plant. 70(3) (1987) 381-388.
  • [26]. Marinova D, Ribarova F, Atanassova M. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. J Chem Technol Metall.40(3) (2005) 255-260.
  • [27]. Yemm EW, Willis AJ. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochem J. 57(3) (1954) 508-514.
  • [28]. Öncel I, Yurdakulol E, Keleş Y, Kurt L, Yıldız A. Role of antioxidant defense system and biochemical adaptation on stress tolerance of high mountain and steppe plants. Acta Oecol. 26(3) (2004) 211-218.
  • [29]. Nenadis N, Wang LF, Tsimidou M, Zhang HY. Estimation of scavenging activity of phenolic compounds using the ABTS•+ assay. J Agric Food Chem. 52(15) (2004) 4669-4674.
  • [30]. Casati P, Walbot V. Differential accumulation of maysin and rhamnosylisoorientin in leaves of high‐altitude landraces of maize after UV‐B exposure. Plant Cell Environ. 28(6) (2005) 788-799.
  • [31]. Caldwell MM, Robberecht R, Flint SD. Internal filters: prospects for UV‐acclimation in higher plants. Physiol Plant. 58(3) (1983) 445-450.
  • [32]. Teramura AH, Sullivan JH. Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of terrestrial plants. Photosynth Res. 39(3) (1994) 463-473.
  • [33]. Unal BT, Guvensen A, Dereboylu AE, Ozturk M. Variations in the proline and total protein contents in Origanum sipyleum L. from different altitudes of spil mountain Turkey. Pak J Bot. 45(1) (2013) 571-576.
  • [34]. Koç E, İşlek C, Üstün AS. Effect of cold on protein, proline, phenolic compounds and chlorophyll content of two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties. GUJS. 23(1) (2010) 1-6.
  • [35]. Berli FJ, Alonso R, Bressan‐Smith R, Bottini R. UV‐B impairs growth and gas exchange in grapevines grown in high altitude. Physiol Plant. 149(1) (2013) 127-140.
  • [36]. Yan Z, Guo S, Shu S, Sun J, Tezuka T. Effects of proline on photosynthesis, root reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in two melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) under NaCl stress. Afr J Biotechnol. 10(80) (2011) 18381-18390.
  • [37]. Couée I, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G, El Amrani A. Involvement of soluble sugars in reactive oxygen species balance and responses to oxidative stress in plants. J Exp Bot. 57(3) (2006) 449-459.
  • [38]. Bano A, Rehman A, Winiger M. Altitudinal variation in the content of protein, proline, sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) in the alpine herbs from Hunza valley, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 41(4) (2009) 1593-1602.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Oksal Macar

Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar

Publication Date September 30, 2018
Submission Date January 4, 2018
Acceptance Date June 11, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Macar, O., & Kalefetoğlu Macar, T. (2018). Altitude Triggers Some Biochemical Adaptations of Polygonum cognatum Meissn. Plants. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 39(3), 621-627. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.375050

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