Abstract
In several researches
it was found that earthworms are protected from the infective effects of many
pathogen microorganisms, with which they live together, by their strong immune
systems and secreted fluids; in addition, vermicompost, their coelomic fluid and
mucus are effective against certain bacteria. In this study, Disk Diffusion,
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
(MBC) tests were applied to determine the activities of the extracts obtained
from coelom-mucus fluids of Eisenia fetida type earthworm against seven
pathogenic bacteria causing diseases in plants.
At the end of the study, zone diameters of the coelom-mucus fluids
obtained from earthworms were measured to be between 8-54 mm, whereas their MIC
and MBC values
varied between 0.06-0.5 mg/mL and 0.25-2 mg/mL, respectively. The
findings showed that antibacterial activity of coelom-mucus fluids obtained from E. fetida type earthworms on
plant pathogens is remarkable. This study is expected to enlighten
future studies investigating antimicrobial effects, structure and activity
mechanisms of the isolates and extracts obtained from E. fetida and other types of earthworm.
References
- [1]. Wang C, Sun Z, Zheng D (2006). Research advance in antibacterial immunity ecology. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 17: 525-529.
- [2]. Bruke JM (1974). An ultra structural analysis of the cuticle, epiderm is and esophage alepithelium of Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta). J Morphol, 142: 301-320.
- [3]. Anderson WA, Weissman A, Eill RA (1976). Cyto differentiation during sperm iogenesis in Lumbricus terrestris. J Cell Biol, 32: 11-26.
- [4]. Xiao Y, Lu Y, Qui J (2002). The ultrastructural of integumentary system in Pheretima Californica (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Journal of Shangai Teachers University ( Natural Science), 31: 79-85.
- [5]. Hand P, Hayes WA, Frankland JC (1988). Vermicomposting of cowslurry. Pedobiologia, 31: 199-209.
- [6]. Edwards CA (1988). Break down of animal, vegetable and ındustrial organic wastes by earthworms. SPB Academic Publ.Co., 21-31.
- [7]. Sinhal RJ, Agarwal S, Chauhan K, Chandran V, Soni BK (2010). Vermiculture Technology: Reviving the Dreams of Sir Charles Darwin for Scientific Use of Earthworms in Sustainable Development Programs. Technology and Investment, 1: 155-172.
- [8]. Shobha SV, Kale RD (2008). Invitro studies on control of soil- borne plant pathogens by earthworm E. eugeniae exudates. http://www.eco-web.com/edi/080106.html.
- [9]. Vasanthi K, Chairman K, Ranjit Singh AJA (2013). Antimicrobial activity of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) paste. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7:789-793.
- [10]. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2012). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Standard-Eleventh Edition (M02-A11).
- [11]. Kauschke E, Pagliara P, Stabili L, Cooper EL (1997). Characterization of proteolytic activity in coelomicfluid. ZoolSci, 12: 225-230.
- [12]. Bilej M, Baetselier PD, Dıjck EV, Stıjlemans B, Colıge A, Beschın A (2001). Distinc carbonhydrate recognition domains of intervertabrate defense moleculer ecognize Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. J Biol Chem, 276: 45840-45847.
- [13]. Engelmann P, Kiss J, Palinkas L, Cooper EL (2004). Earthworm leukocytes kill HeLa, Hep-2, PC-12 and PA-317 cells in vitro. J Biochem Biophys Methods, 61: 215-227.
- [14]. Koenig S, Wagner F, Kauschke E, Katlinic JP, Cooper EL, Eue I (2003). Mass spectrometric analyses of CL39, CL41 and H1, H2, H3 confirm idendity with fetidin and lysenin produced by earthworm leukocytes. Dev Comp Immunol, 28: 701-711.
- [15]. Milochau A, Lassègues M, Valembois P (1997). Purification, characterization and activities of two hemolytic and antibacterial proteins from coelomicfluid of the annelid Eisenia fetida and rei. Bio chim Biophys Acta,1337:123-132.
- [16]. Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Greyta, S (2006). Effects of Vermciompost Teas on Plant Growth and Diseases. Biocycle, 47: 28-31.
- [17]. Szczech MM (1999). Suppressiveness of Vermicompost against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato. J Phytopathol, 147:155-161.
- [18]. Arancon NQ, Galvis PA, Edwards CA (2005). Suppression of insect pest population sand insect damage to plants by vermicomposts. Bioresource Technol, 96: 1137-1142.
- [19]. Pan W, Liu X, Ge F, Zheng T (2003). Reconfirmation of antimicrobial activity in the coelomicfluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and rei by colorimetric assay. J Biosci, 28: 723-731.
- [20]. Cho JH, Park CB, Yoon YG (1998). Lumbricin I, a novel proline-richanti microbial peptide from the earthworm: purification, cDNA cloning and molecular characterization. Bıochım Bıophys Acta, 1408: 67-76.
- [21]. Liu YQ, Sun ZJ, Wang C, Li SJ, Liu YZ (2004). Purification of a novel antibacterial short peptide in earthworm Eisenia foetida. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin,36:297-302.
- [22]. Hirigoyenberry F, Lassalle F, Lassegues M (1990). Antibacterial activity of Eisinia fetida and reico elomicfluid: transcription and translation regulation of lysozyme and protein sevidenced after bacterial infestation. Comp Biochem Physiol, 95: 71-75.
- [23]. Kohlerova P, Beschın A, Sılerova M, Baetselier PD, Bilej M (2004). Effect of experimental microbial challenge on the expression of defense molecules in Eisenia foetida earthworm. Dev Comp Immunol, 28: 701-711.
Abstract
Toprak solucanlarının, birçok patojen
mikroorganizma ile birlikte yaşarken bunların enfektif etkilerinden güçlü immun
sistemleri ve salgıladıkları sekresyonlarla korunabildikleri, ayrıca
vermikompost, sölom ve mukus sıvılarının bazı patojen bakterilere karşı etkili
oldukları yapılan çeşitli araştırmalarla saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, E.
fetida türü toprak solucanlarının sölom-mukus sıvılarından elde edilen
ekstraktların, bitkilerde hastalıklara neden olan yedi adet toprak kaynaklı
patojen bakteriye karşı etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Minimum
İnhibisyon Konsantrasyon (MIC) ve Minimum Bakterisidal Konsantrasyon (MBC)
testleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, toprak solucanlarından elde
edilen sölom ve mukus sıvılarının çalışılan bakterilere karşı zon çapları 8-54
mm arasında ölçülürken, MIC değerleri 0.06-0.5 mg/mL, MBC değerleri ise 0.25-2
mg/mL arasında bulunmuştur. Bulgular E.fetida
türü toprak solucanlarından elde edilen sölom- mukus sıvılarının bitki
patojenleri üzerinde antibakteriyel aktivitelerinin dikkate değer olduğunu
göstermektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmanın, E. fetida’dan ve diğer toprak
solucanı türlerinden elde edilecek izolat ve ekstraktların antimikrobiyal
etkinliklerinin, yapılarının ve etki mekanizmalarının araştırıldığı diğer
çalışmalara ışık tutması beklenmektedir.
References
- [1]. Wang C, Sun Z, Zheng D (2006). Research advance in antibacterial immunity ecology. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 17: 525-529.
- [2]. Bruke JM (1974). An ultra structural analysis of the cuticle, epiderm is and esophage alepithelium of Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta). J Morphol, 142: 301-320.
- [3]. Anderson WA, Weissman A, Eill RA (1976). Cyto differentiation during sperm iogenesis in Lumbricus terrestris. J Cell Biol, 32: 11-26.
- [4]. Xiao Y, Lu Y, Qui J (2002). The ultrastructural of integumentary system in Pheretima Californica (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Journal of Shangai Teachers University ( Natural Science), 31: 79-85.
- [5]. Hand P, Hayes WA, Frankland JC (1988). Vermicomposting of cowslurry. Pedobiologia, 31: 199-209.
- [6]. Edwards CA (1988). Break down of animal, vegetable and ındustrial organic wastes by earthworms. SPB Academic Publ.Co., 21-31.
- [7]. Sinhal RJ, Agarwal S, Chauhan K, Chandran V, Soni BK (2010). Vermiculture Technology: Reviving the Dreams of Sir Charles Darwin for Scientific Use of Earthworms in Sustainable Development Programs. Technology and Investment, 1: 155-172.
- [8]. Shobha SV, Kale RD (2008). Invitro studies on control of soil- borne plant pathogens by earthworm E. eugeniae exudates. http://www.eco-web.com/edi/080106.html.
- [9]. Vasanthi K, Chairman K, Ranjit Singh AJA (2013). Antimicrobial activity of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) paste. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7:789-793.
- [10]. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2012). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Standard-Eleventh Edition (M02-A11).
- [11]. Kauschke E, Pagliara P, Stabili L, Cooper EL (1997). Characterization of proteolytic activity in coelomicfluid. ZoolSci, 12: 225-230.
- [12]. Bilej M, Baetselier PD, Dıjck EV, Stıjlemans B, Colıge A, Beschın A (2001). Distinc carbonhydrate recognition domains of intervertabrate defense moleculer ecognize Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. J Biol Chem, 276: 45840-45847.
- [13]. Engelmann P, Kiss J, Palinkas L, Cooper EL (2004). Earthworm leukocytes kill HeLa, Hep-2, PC-12 and PA-317 cells in vitro. J Biochem Biophys Methods, 61: 215-227.
- [14]. Koenig S, Wagner F, Kauschke E, Katlinic JP, Cooper EL, Eue I (2003). Mass spectrometric analyses of CL39, CL41 and H1, H2, H3 confirm idendity with fetidin and lysenin produced by earthworm leukocytes. Dev Comp Immunol, 28: 701-711.
- [15]. Milochau A, Lassègues M, Valembois P (1997). Purification, characterization and activities of two hemolytic and antibacterial proteins from coelomicfluid of the annelid Eisenia fetida and rei. Bio chim Biophys Acta,1337:123-132.
- [16]. Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Greyta, S (2006). Effects of Vermciompost Teas on Plant Growth and Diseases. Biocycle, 47: 28-31.
- [17]. Szczech MM (1999). Suppressiveness of Vermicompost against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato. J Phytopathol, 147:155-161.
- [18]. Arancon NQ, Galvis PA, Edwards CA (2005). Suppression of insect pest population sand insect damage to plants by vermicomposts. Bioresource Technol, 96: 1137-1142.
- [19]. Pan W, Liu X, Ge F, Zheng T (2003). Reconfirmation of antimicrobial activity in the coelomicfluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and rei by colorimetric assay. J Biosci, 28: 723-731.
- [20]. Cho JH, Park CB, Yoon YG (1998). Lumbricin I, a novel proline-richanti microbial peptide from the earthworm: purification, cDNA cloning and molecular characterization. Bıochım Bıophys Acta, 1408: 67-76.
- [21]. Liu YQ, Sun ZJ, Wang C, Li SJ, Liu YZ (2004). Purification of a novel antibacterial short peptide in earthworm Eisenia foetida. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin,36:297-302.
- [22]. Hirigoyenberry F, Lassalle F, Lassegues M (1990). Antibacterial activity of Eisinia fetida and reico elomicfluid: transcription and translation regulation of lysozyme and protein sevidenced after bacterial infestation. Comp Biochem Physiol, 95: 71-75.
- [23]. Kohlerova P, Beschın A, Sılerova M, Baetselier PD, Bilej M (2004). Effect of experimental microbial challenge on the expression of defense molecules in Eisenia foetida earthworm. Dev Comp Immunol, 28: 701-711.
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2017 |
| Submission Date | June 14, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | July 17, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 |