Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Investigation of the Annealing and Cu Doping Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of CdZnS Nanomaterial Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

Year 2024, , 585 - 590, 30.09.2024

Ahmed Abdulhasan Zarkooshi , Murat Kaleli

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1387124

Abstract

This study investigates doped CdZnS thin films synthesized through the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, followed by annealing at temperatures of 400 and 500 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that both undoped CdZnS and Cu-doped CdZnS thin films exhibit cubic crystal structures, with a preferred orientation along the (111) plane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements indicated that the CdZnS thin film has a smooth surface, whereas the Cu-doped CdZnS film shows clustered particles, attributed to the effect of copper doping acting as an activator metal ion. Electron dispersive scanning (EDS) analysis confirmed that the Cd, Zn, and S elements are present in acceptable chemical stoichiometry (Cd + Zn/S = 1:1), with a ratio of 3:1, consistent with the molar amounts used in the precursor solutions. The band gap of the CdZnS thin film decreased from 3.12 to 2.56 eV after annealing at 500 °C, attributed to an increase in crystal size. In contrast, the band gap of the Cu-doped CdZnS thin film decreased from 2.51 to 2.22 eV, lower than that of pure CdZnS, due to the formation of additional phases such as zinc oxide and copper oxide within the CdZnS host structure during annealing.

Keywords

ultrasonic sparay pyrolysis CdZnS thin film annealing Band gap energy

References

  • [1] Shadia I J., Introduction to II-VI Compounds. AlIsra University, Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Basic Sciences-Physics, Jordan, (2015) 1-16.
  • [2] Jia G., Wang N., Gong L., Fei X., Growth characterization of CdZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition, Chalcogenide Lett., 6(9) (2009) 463–467.
  • [3] Ma L., Ai X., Wu X., Effect of substrate and Zn doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS thin films prepared by CBD method, J. Alloys Compd., 691(1) ( 2017) 399–406.
  • [4] Zellagui R., Dehdouh H., Boughelout A., Sahraoui T., Chaumont D., Adnane M., Effect of zinc / cadmium proportion in CdS layers deposited by CBD method, Int. Multidiscip. Res. J., 9(2019) 8–12.
  • [5] Lee J. H., Song W. C., Yi J. S., Yoo Y. S., Characteristics of the CdZnS thin film doped by thermal diffusion of vacuum evaporated indium films, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 75 (2003) 227–234.
  • [6] Rajendran S. K. S A., Structural and optical analysis of electrodeposition CdZnS thin films for solar cell applications, MOJ Sol. photoenergy Syst., 3(1) (2019) 30–32.
  • [7] Mahanama G. D. K., Madarasinghe D. A., Dharmaratna W. G. D., Jayasundara D., Optical and structural properties of CdS thin films prepared using electro-deposition technique, Ruhuna J. Sci., 9(1) (2018) 1- 57.
  • [8] Hamedani H. A., Investigation of Deposition Parameters in Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis for Fabrication of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,Master thesis, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
  • [9] Baykul M. C., Orhan N., Band alignment of Cd1- xZnxS produced by spray pyrolysis method, Thin Solid Films,518(8) (2010) 1925–1928.
  • [10] Sethi R., Kumar L., Sharma P. K., Pandey A. C., Tunable Visible Emission of Ag-Doped CdZnS Alloy Quantum Dots, Nanoscale Res. Lett.,5(1) (2010) 96–102.
  • [11] Selvan G., Abubacker M. P., Balu A. R., Structural, optical and electrical properties of Cl-doped ternary CdZnS thin films towards optoelectronic applications, Optik (Stuttg)., 127(12) (2016) 4943–4947.
  • [12] Noor H., Ali S., Mohammad D., Abbas Abdzaid D., Study the structural and optical properties of pure and Aluminum doped CdS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition method, J. Kufa Phys., 10 (1) (2018) 1–7.
  • [13] Assadi M H N., Hanaor D A H., The effects of copper doping on photocatalytic activity at (101) planes of anatase TiO 2 : A theoretical study, Appl. Surf. Sci., 387 (November)( 2018) 682–689.
  • [14] Yongvanich N., Thongkaew K., Yuanlae N., Sae-Ung S., Suwanchawalit C., nfluence of Copper Doping in Nanostructured ZnO Thin Films by Spin Coating, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 17(6) (2018) 1125–1128.
  • [15] Oeba D. A., Optical and electrical properties of CdS: B thin film deposited by chemical bath deposition for photovoltaic application, Int. J. Thin.Fil. Sci. Tec., 8 (3) (2019) 93-99.
  • [16] Saleh K. M., Study Influence of Substrate Temperature on Optical Properties of CdS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray pyrolysis, Ibn AL-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci., 32(1) (2019) 7–16.
  • [17] Fidha G., Bitri El N., Mahjoubi S., Abaab M., Ly I., Effect of the spraying temperatures and the sulfurization on the properties of the absorber Cu2FeSnS4 thin films in a solar cell, Mater. Lett., 215(2018) 62–64.
  • [18] Monshi A., Foroughi M R., Monshi M R., Modified Scherrer Equation to Estimate More Accurately Nano-Crystallite Size Using XRD, World J. Nano Sci. Eng., 2(3) (2012) 154–160.
  • [19] Goswami M., Adhikary N C. Bhattacharjee S., Effect of annealing temperatures on the structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by chemical precipitation method, Optik (Stuttg).,158(2018)1006–1015.
  • [20] Hossain M S., Effect of annealing on the properties of ZnxCd1-xS thin film growth by RF magnetron co-sputtering, Energy Procedia, 33(2013) 214–222.
  • [21] Figueiredo V., Effect of post-annealing on the properties of copper oxide thin films obtained from the oxidation of evaporated metallic copper, Appl. Surf. Sci., 254 (13) (2008) 3949–3954.
  • [22] Muthusamy M., Muthukumaran S., Effect of Cu-doping on structural, optical and photoluminescence properties of CdS thin films, Optik (Stuttg)., 126 (24) (2015) 5200–5206.
  • [23] Ann L C., Mahmud S., Khadijah S., Bakhori M., Applied Surface Science Electron spectroscopy imaging and surface defect configuration of zinc oxide nanostructures under different annealing ambient, Appl. Surf. Sci., 265(2013) 137–144.
  • [24] Parameshwari P M., Spray Deposition and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cd 1-x Zn x S thin films, International Journal of Nanotechnology and Applications, 11(1) (2017) 45–58.
  • [25] Lui T Y., Photoluminescence and photoconductivity properties of copper-doped Cd1-xZnxS nanoribbons, Nanotechnology,17(24) (2006) 5935–5940.
  • [26] Azizi S., Investigating Annealing Effect On Optical properties of Cd0.8Zn0.2S Thin Film, World Sci. Publ. Co.,21(5) (2014) 1–7.
  • [27] Ajeel H M., The Effect of Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by SILAR Method. J. Baghdad for Sci. 11(2) (2014) 1–12.
  • [28] Serin N., Serin T., Horzum Ş., Çelik Y., Annealing effects on the properties of copper oxide thin films prepared by chemical deposition, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 20(5) (2005) 398–401.

Year 2024, , 585 - 590, 30.09.2024

Ahmed Abdulhasan Zarkooshi , Murat Kaleli

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1387124

Abstract

References

  • [1] Shadia I J., Introduction to II-VI Compounds. AlIsra University, Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Basic Sciences-Physics, Jordan, (2015) 1-16.
  • [2] Jia G., Wang N., Gong L., Fei X., Growth characterization of CdZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition, Chalcogenide Lett., 6(9) (2009) 463–467.
  • [3] Ma L., Ai X., Wu X., Effect of substrate and Zn doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS thin films prepared by CBD method, J. Alloys Compd., 691(1) ( 2017) 399–406.
  • [4] Zellagui R., Dehdouh H., Boughelout A., Sahraoui T., Chaumont D., Adnane M., Effect of zinc / cadmium proportion in CdS layers deposited by CBD method, Int. Multidiscip. Res. J., 9(2019) 8–12.
  • [5] Lee J. H., Song W. C., Yi J. S., Yoo Y. S., Characteristics of the CdZnS thin film doped by thermal diffusion of vacuum evaporated indium films, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 75 (2003) 227–234.
  • [6] Rajendran S. K. S A., Structural and optical analysis of electrodeposition CdZnS thin films for solar cell applications, MOJ Sol. photoenergy Syst., 3(1) (2019) 30–32.
  • [7] Mahanama G. D. K., Madarasinghe D. A., Dharmaratna W. G. D., Jayasundara D., Optical and structural properties of CdS thin films prepared using electro-deposition technique, Ruhuna J. Sci., 9(1) (2018) 1- 57.
  • [8] Hamedani H. A., Investigation of Deposition Parameters in Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis for Fabrication of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,Master thesis, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
  • [9] Baykul M. C., Orhan N., Band alignment of Cd1- xZnxS produced by spray pyrolysis method, Thin Solid Films,518(8) (2010) 1925–1928.
  • [10] Sethi R., Kumar L., Sharma P. K., Pandey A. C., Tunable Visible Emission of Ag-Doped CdZnS Alloy Quantum Dots, Nanoscale Res. Lett.,5(1) (2010) 96–102.
  • [11] Selvan G., Abubacker M. P., Balu A. R., Structural, optical and electrical properties of Cl-doped ternary CdZnS thin films towards optoelectronic applications, Optik (Stuttg)., 127(12) (2016) 4943–4947.
  • [12] Noor H., Ali S., Mohammad D., Abbas Abdzaid D., Study the structural and optical properties of pure and Aluminum doped CdS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition method, J. Kufa Phys., 10 (1) (2018) 1–7.
  • [13] Assadi M H N., Hanaor D A H., The effects of copper doping on photocatalytic activity at (101) planes of anatase TiO 2 : A theoretical study, Appl. Surf. Sci., 387 (November)( 2018) 682–689.
  • [14] Yongvanich N., Thongkaew K., Yuanlae N., Sae-Ung S., Suwanchawalit C., nfluence of Copper Doping in Nanostructured ZnO Thin Films by Spin Coating, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 17(6) (2018) 1125–1128.
  • [15] Oeba D. A., Optical and electrical properties of CdS: B thin film deposited by chemical bath deposition for photovoltaic application, Int. J. Thin.Fil. Sci. Tec., 8 (3) (2019) 93-99.
  • [16] Saleh K. M., Study Influence of Substrate Temperature on Optical Properties of CdS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray pyrolysis, Ibn AL-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci., 32(1) (2019) 7–16.
  • [17] Fidha G., Bitri El N., Mahjoubi S., Abaab M., Ly I., Effect of the spraying temperatures and the sulfurization on the properties of the absorber Cu2FeSnS4 thin films in a solar cell, Mater. Lett., 215(2018) 62–64.
  • [18] Monshi A., Foroughi M R., Monshi M R., Modified Scherrer Equation to Estimate More Accurately Nano-Crystallite Size Using XRD, World J. Nano Sci. Eng., 2(3) (2012) 154–160.
  • [19] Goswami M., Adhikary N C. Bhattacharjee S., Effect of annealing temperatures on the structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by chemical precipitation method, Optik (Stuttg).,158(2018)1006–1015.
  • [20] Hossain M S., Effect of annealing on the properties of ZnxCd1-xS thin film growth by RF magnetron co-sputtering, Energy Procedia, 33(2013) 214–222.
  • [21] Figueiredo V., Effect of post-annealing on the properties of copper oxide thin films obtained from the oxidation of evaporated metallic copper, Appl. Surf. Sci., 254 (13) (2008) 3949–3954.
  • [22] Muthusamy M., Muthukumaran S., Effect of Cu-doping on structural, optical and photoluminescence properties of CdS thin films, Optik (Stuttg)., 126 (24) (2015) 5200–5206.
  • [23] Ann L C., Mahmud S., Khadijah S., Bakhori M., Applied Surface Science Electron spectroscopy imaging and surface defect configuration of zinc oxide nanostructures under different annealing ambient, Appl. Surf. Sci., 265(2013) 137–144.
  • [24] Parameshwari P M., Spray Deposition and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cd 1-x Zn x S thin films, International Journal of Nanotechnology and Applications, 11(1) (2017) 45–58.
  • [25] Lui T Y., Photoluminescence and photoconductivity properties of copper-doped Cd1-xZnxS nanoribbons, Nanotechnology,17(24) (2006) 5935–5940.
  • [26] Azizi S., Investigating Annealing Effect On Optical properties of Cd0.8Zn0.2S Thin Film, World Sci. Publ. Co.,21(5) (2014) 1–7.
  • [27] Ajeel H M., The Effect of Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by SILAR Method. J. Baghdad for Sci. 11(2) (2014) 1–12.
  • [28] Serin N., Serin T., Horzum Ş., Çelik Y., Annealing effects on the properties of copper oxide thin films prepared by chemical deposition, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 20(5) (2005) 398–401.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Physics
Journal Section Natural Sciences
Authors

Ahmed Abdulhasan Zarkooshi 0000-0001-6715-1709

Murat Kaleli 0000-0002-3290-2020

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date November 6, 2023
Acceptance Date July 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Abdulhasan Zarkooshi, A., & Kaleli, M. (2024). Investigation of the Annealing and Cu Doping Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of CdZnS Nanomaterial Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 45(3), 585-590. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1387124