Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 386 - 393, 01.07.2023
Öz
Propolis is a complex sticky substance produced by the honey bees (Apis mellifera) from the resinous materials they collect from various parts of plant and used by the bees to defend their hives from pathogenic microorganisms. This research aimed to compare the antioxidant properties of propolis extracts produced by using different solvents and extraction methods. The method used in the extraction stage is of great importance as the amount and quality of the bioactive components in the final product are directly affected by the extraction method applied. To obtain propolis extracts, both classical and ultrasonic extraction methods were used with distilled water and 20% propylene glycol-distilled water as solvents. Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to record the total phenolic content of propolis extracts. In this study, to measure the antioxidant activity of extracts, three methods were used that are FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS. Moreover, the aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for total flavonoid content analysis. According to analysis, brix values recorded between 14.90-27.50 for classic method and 14.40-16.50 for ultrasonic method. The total phenolic content calculated as 721.31-14419.46 mg GAE/L for classic method, and 1212.32-33621.70 mg GAE/L in ultrasonic method. Also, the total amount of flavonoid content was measured as 1137.52-24884.70 mg QE/L extract in ultrasonic method, and 2144.77-74021.42 mg QE/L extract in classic method. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples were calculated as 0.46-15.21 IC50 µl/ml in classic method, and 1.36-31.86 IC50 µl/ml in ultrasonic method, ABTS+ values changed from 0.09-2.71 IC50 µl/ml in classic method, and 0.21-4.64 IC50 µl/ml in ultrasonic method, and FRAP values measured between 29.22-639.43 µM TE/g in ultrasonic method, and 54.72-1783.02 µM TE/g in classic method. More studies and analysis are needed to investigate the effects of solvents and extraction methods on propolis extracts, as well as on the antioxidant properties of these extracts.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Ataturk University Research Foundation
Proje Numarası
BAP-Project No: FYL-2022-10685
Teşekkür
The authors are thankful to Ataturk University Research Foundation for financial and technical support (BAP-Project No: FYL-2022-10685).
Kaynakça
- Abd Rashid N, Mohammed SNF, Syed Abd Halim SA, Ghafar NA, Abdul Jalil NA. 2022. Therapeutic potential of honey and propolis on ocular disease. Pharmaceuticals, 15(11):1419.
- Acun S, Gul H. 2020. Effect of propolis as a functional product on health. Uludag Bee J, 20(2): 189-208.
- Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipic M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P. 2018. Re-evaluation of propane12-diol(E 1520): as a food additive. EFSA J, 16(4): e05235.
- Anjum SI, Ullah A, Khan KA, Attaullah M, Khan H, Ali H, Dash CK. 2019. Composition and functional properties of propolis(bee glue): A review. Saudi J Biol Sci, 26(7): 1695-1703.
- Arslan S, Percin D, Silici S. 2010. The in vitro effects of propolis extracts prepared with different solvents on mutans streptococci. J Health Sci, 19: 68-73.
- Asem N, Abdul Gapar NA, Abd Hapit NH, Omar EA. 2020. Correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant activity of Malaysian stingless bee propolis extract. J Apicultur Res, 59(4): 437-442.
- Bakkaloglu Z, Arici M. 2019. Effects of propolis extraction with different solvents on total phenolic content antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Akad Gıda 17(4): 538-545. DOI: 10.24323/akademik-gida.667272.
- Belmehdi O, El Menyiy N, Bouyahya A, El Baaboua A, El Omari N, Gallo M, Abrini J. 2022. Recent advances in the chemical composition and biological activities of propolis. Food Rev Inter, 1-51.
- Cemeroglu BS. 2013. Food analysis. Bizim Grup Press, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 480.
- Coneac G, Gafiţanu E, Hădărugă DI, Hădărugă NG, Pînzaru IA, Bandur G, Gruia A. 2008. Flavonoid contents of propolis from the west side of Romania and correlation with the antioxidant activity. Chem Bull Politehnica Univ, 53: 56-60.
- Cottica SM, Sawaya AC, Eberlin MN, Franco SL, Zeoula LM, Visentainer JV. 2011. Antioxidant activity and composition of propolis obtained by different methods of extraction. J Brazilian Chem Soc, 22: 929-935.
- Dogan N, Hayoglu I. 2012. Propolis and areas of usage. J Agric Fac HRU, 16(3): 39-48.
- Escriche I, Juan-Borrás M. 2018. Standardizing the analysis of phenolic profile in propolis. Food Res Inter, 106: 834-841.
- Freitas AS, Cunha A, Parpot P, Cardoso SM, Oliveira R, Almeida-Aguiar C. 2022. Propolis efficacy: the quest for eco-friendly solvents. Molec, 27(21): 7531.
- Galeotti F, Maccari F, Fachini A, Volpi N. 2018. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of propolis prepared in different forms and in different solvents useful for finished products. Foods, 7(3): 41.
- Gulcin I, Alici HA, Cesur M. 2005. Determination of in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of propofol. Chem Pharma Bullet, 53(3): 281-285.
- Gumus D, Kizil M. 2022. Use of propolis in foods and its protective properties. Food Health 8(1): 68-77.
- Gunce O, Meltem M., Vatansever C. 2021. Antimicrobial effect of propolis drops on oral pathogens in vitro. Selcuk Dental J 8(3): 673-678.
- Hossain R, Quispe C, Khan RA, Saikat ASM, Ray P, Ongalbek D, Cho WC. 2022. Propolis: An update on its chemistry and pharmacological applications. Chinese Med, 17(1): 1-60.
- Irigoiti Y, Navarro A, Yamul D, Libonatti C, Tabera A, Basualdo M. 2021. The use of propolis as a functional food ingredient: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol, 115: 297-306.
- Juodeikaitė D, Žilius M, Briedis V. 2022. Preparation of aqueous propolis extracts applying microwave-assisted extraction. Processes 10(7): 1330.
- Karadag A, Sagdic O, Karasu S. 2022. Evaluations on propylene glycol as additive and solvent in foods. European J Sci Technol, 35: 157-160.
- Kegode TM, Bargul JL, Mokaya HO, Lattorff HMG. 2022. Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya. Royal Soc Open Sci, 9(7): 211214.
- Keskin M. 2018. Standardization of Propolis is it possible? Uludag Bee J, 18(2): 101-110.
- Keskin M, Kolayli S. 2019. A Comparison of commercial propolis extracts in terms of quality parameters. Uludag Bee J, 19(1): 43-49.
- Keskin S, Yatanaslan L, Karlidag S. 2020. Chemical characterization of propolis samples collected from different provinces of Anatolia. Uludag Bee J, 20: 81-88.
- Kocak E, Demircan E, Ozcelik B. 2018. Antioxidant capacities and phenolic profiles of Ottoman strawberry fruit and Ottoman strawberry jam. Ecol Life Sci, 13(3): 119-130.
- Meda A, Lamien CE, Romito M, Millogo J, Nacoulma O. G. 2005. Determination of the total phenolic flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food Chem, 91(3): 571-577.
- Mujica V, Orrego R, Pérez J, Romero P, Ovalle P, Zúñiga-Hernández J, Leiva E. 2017. The role of propolis in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complement Alter Medicine, 2017: 4272940.
- Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM. 2023. The Effects of propolis on viral respiratory diseases. Molec, 28(1): 359.
- Ozkan M, Kirca A, Cemeroglu BS. 2010. Gıdalara uygulanan bazı özel analiz yöntemleri gıda analizleri. Bizim Grup Basımevi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 85-155.
- Popović BM, Štajner D, Slavko K, Sandra B. 2012. Antioxidant capacity of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.)–Comparison between permanganate reducing antioxidant capacity and other antioxidant methods. Food Chem, 134(2): 734-741.
- Rodiahwati W, Ariskanopitasari A, Saleh IK. 2019. Identification of total bioflavonoid compound of propolis extract from wild honey bee hives Apis dorsata in Sumbawa region Indonesia. Applied Sci Engin Progress, 12(1): 37-43.
- Sagdic O, Karasu S, Goktas H. 2020. Determination of bioactive components of commercial propolis samples sold in the market. European J Sci Technol, 19: 19-31.
- Syed Salleh SNA, Mohd Hanapiah NA, Ahmad H, Wan Johari WL, Osman NH, Mamat MR. 2021. Determination of total phenolics flavonoids and antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of Malaysian stingless bee propolis water extracts. Scientifica, 2021: 3789351.
- Topdas EF, Sengul M. 2021. Mineral composition of various extracts and essential oil of pickled Ferula orientalis L. J Inst Sci Technol 11(2): 1194-1204.
- Tumbarski Y, Topuzova M, Todorova M. 2022. Food industry applications of propolis: A Review. J Hygienic Engin Design UDC: 257-265.
- Ulloa PA, Vidal J, Ávila MI, Labbe M, Cohen S, Salazar FN. 2017. Effect of the addition of propolis extract on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of craft beer. J Chemistry, 1-8.
- Yeo KL, Leo CP, Chan DJC. 2015. Ultrasonic enhancement on propolis extraction at varied pH and alcohol content. J Food Process Engin 38(6): 562-570.
- Yildiz BM, Unal F. 2022. Chemical constituent and biological activities of propolis. J Gazi Univ Fac Sci, 3(1): 14-32.
- Zin NBM, Azemin A, Rodi MMM, Mohd KS. 2018. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of stingless bee propolis from different extraction methods. Inter J Engin Technol, 7(4): 90-95.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 386 - 393, 01.07.2023
Öz
Proje Numarası
BAP-Project No: FYL-2022-10685
Kaynakça
- Abd Rashid N, Mohammed SNF, Syed Abd Halim SA, Ghafar NA, Abdul Jalil NA. 2022. Therapeutic potential of honey and propolis on ocular disease. Pharmaceuticals, 15(11):1419.
- Acun S, Gul H. 2020. Effect of propolis as a functional product on health. Uludag Bee J, 20(2): 189-208.
- Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipic M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P. 2018. Re-evaluation of propane12-diol(E 1520): as a food additive. EFSA J, 16(4): e05235.
- Anjum SI, Ullah A, Khan KA, Attaullah M, Khan H, Ali H, Dash CK. 2019. Composition and functional properties of propolis(bee glue): A review. Saudi J Biol Sci, 26(7): 1695-1703.
- Arslan S, Percin D, Silici S. 2010. The in vitro effects of propolis extracts prepared with different solvents on mutans streptococci. J Health Sci, 19: 68-73.
- Asem N, Abdul Gapar NA, Abd Hapit NH, Omar EA. 2020. Correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant activity of Malaysian stingless bee propolis extract. J Apicultur Res, 59(4): 437-442.
- Bakkaloglu Z, Arici M. 2019. Effects of propolis extraction with different solvents on total phenolic content antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Akad Gıda 17(4): 538-545. DOI: 10.24323/akademik-gida.667272.
- Belmehdi O, El Menyiy N, Bouyahya A, El Baaboua A, El Omari N, Gallo M, Abrini J. 2022. Recent advances in the chemical composition and biological activities of propolis. Food Rev Inter, 1-51.
- Cemeroglu BS. 2013. Food analysis. Bizim Grup Press, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 480.
- Coneac G, Gafiţanu E, Hădărugă DI, Hădărugă NG, Pînzaru IA, Bandur G, Gruia A. 2008. Flavonoid contents of propolis from the west side of Romania and correlation with the antioxidant activity. Chem Bull Politehnica Univ, 53: 56-60.
- Cottica SM, Sawaya AC, Eberlin MN, Franco SL, Zeoula LM, Visentainer JV. 2011. Antioxidant activity and composition of propolis obtained by different methods of extraction. J Brazilian Chem Soc, 22: 929-935.
- Dogan N, Hayoglu I. 2012. Propolis and areas of usage. J Agric Fac HRU, 16(3): 39-48.
- Escriche I, Juan-Borrás M. 2018. Standardizing the analysis of phenolic profile in propolis. Food Res Inter, 106: 834-841.
- Freitas AS, Cunha A, Parpot P, Cardoso SM, Oliveira R, Almeida-Aguiar C. 2022. Propolis efficacy: the quest for eco-friendly solvents. Molec, 27(21): 7531.
- Galeotti F, Maccari F, Fachini A, Volpi N. 2018. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of propolis prepared in different forms and in different solvents useful for finished products. Foods, 7(3): 41.
- Gulcin I, Alici HA, Cesur M. 2005. Determination of in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of propofol. Chem Pharma Bullet, 53(3): 281-285.
- Gumus D, Kizil M. 2022. Use of propolis in foods and its protective properties. Food Health 8(1): 68-77.
- Gunce O, Meltem M., Vatansever C. 2021. Antimicrobial effect of propolis drops on oral pathogens in vitro. Selcuk Dental J 8(3): 673-678.
- Hossain R, Quispe C, Khan RA, Saikat ASM, Ray P, Ongalbek D, Cho WC. 2022. Propolis: An update on its chemistry and pharmacological applications. Chinese Med, 17(1): 1-60.
- Irigoiti Y, Navarro A, Yamul D, Libonatti C, Tabera A, Basualdo M. 2021. The use of propolis as a functional food ingredient: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol, 115: 297-306.
- Juodeikaitė D, Žilius M, Briedis V. 2022. Preparation of aqueous propolis extracts applying microwave-assisted extraction. Processes 10(7): 1330.
- Karadag A, Sagdic O, Karasu S. 2022. Evaluations on propylene glycol as additive and solvent in foods. European J Sci Technol, 35: 157-160.
- Kegode TM, Bargul JL, Mokaya HO, Lattorff HMG. 2022. Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya. Royal Soc Open Sci, 9(7): 211214.
- Keskin M. 2018. Standardization of Propolis is it possible? Uludag Bee J, 18(2): 101-110.
- Keskin M, Kolayli S. 2019. A Comparison of commercial propolis extracts in terms of quality parameters. Uludag Bee J, 19(1): 43-49.
- Keskin S, Yatanaslan L, Karlidag S. 2020. Chemical characterization of propolis samples collected from different provinces of Anatolia. Uludag Bee J, 20: 81-88.
- Kocak E, Demircan E, Ozcelik B. 2018. Antioxidant capacities and phenolic profiles of Ottoman strawberry fruit and Ottoman strawberry jam. Ecol Life Sci, 13(3): 119-130.
- Meda A, Lamien CE, Romito M, Millogo J, Nacoulma O. G. 2005. Determination of the total phenolic flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food Chem, 91(3): 571-577.
- Mujica V, Orrego R, Pérez J, Romero P, Ovalle P, Zúñiga-Hernández J, Leiva E. 2017. The role of propolis in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complement Alter Medicine, 2017: 4272940.
- Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM. 2023. The Effects of propolis on viral respiratory diseases. Molec, 28(1): 359.
- Ozkan M, Kirca A, Cemeroglu BS. 2010. Gıdalara uygulanan bazı özel analiz yöntemleri gıda analizleri. Bizim Grup Basımevi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 85-155.
- Popović BM, Štajner D, Slavko K, Sandra B. 2012. Antioxidant capacity of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.)–Comparison between permanganate reducing antioxidant capacity and other antioxidant methods. Food Chem, 134(2): 734-741.
- Rodiahwati W, Ariskanopitasari A, Saleh IK. 2019. Identification of total bioflavonoid compound of propolis extract from wild honey bee hives Apis dorsata in Sumbawa region Indonesia. Applied Sci Engin Progress, 12(1): 37-43.
- Sagdic O, Karasu S, Goktas H. 2020. Determination of bioactive components of commercial propolis samples sold in the market. European J Sci Technol, 19: 19-31.
- Syed Salleh SNA, Mohd Hanapiah NA, Ahmad H, Wan Johari WL, Osman NH, Mamat MR. 2021. Determination of total phenolics flavonoids and antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of Malaysian stingless bee propolis water extracts. Scientifica, 2021: 3789351.
- Topdas EF, Sengul M. 2021. Mineral composition of various extracts and essential oil of pickled Ferula orientalis L. J Inst Sci Technol 11(2): 1194-1204.
- Tumbarski Y, Topuzova M, Todorova M. 2022. Food industry applications of propolis: A Review. J Hygienic Engin Design UDC: 257-265.
- Ulloa PA, Vidal J, Ávila MI, Labbe M, Cohen S, Salazar FN. 2017. Effect of the addition of propolis extract on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of craft beer. J Chemistry, 1-8.
- Yeo KL, Leo CP, Chan DJC. 2015. Ultrasonic enhancement on propolis extraction at varied pH and alcohol content. J Food Process Engin 38(6): 562-570.
- Yildiz BM, Unal F. 2022. Chemical constituent and biological activities of propolis. J Gazi Univ Fac Sci, 3(1): 14-32.
- Zin NBM, Azemin A, Rodi MMM, Mohd KS. 2018. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of stingless bee propolis from different extraction methods. Inter J Engin Technol, 7(4): 90-95.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Gıda Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | BAP-Project No: FYL-2022-10685 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 26 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Temmuz 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 30 Mart 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 8 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4 |
