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Atık bebek bezlerinin sürdürülebilir ve döngüsel yönetimi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 317 - 330, 16.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1087446

Öz

Kullanılmış bebek bezlerinin yönetimi, doğal kaynaklar üzerindeki küresel tüketimin hızlı şekilde artması ve bu tüketimin sebep olduğu çevresel etkiler nedeniyle giderek artan kritik bir konudur. Dünya çapında sürekli üretimle birlikte 2023 yılı itibariyle 222 milyar adet (yaklaşık 90 milyon ton) bebek bezinin atık olarak oluşması beklenmekte ve bu miktar her yıl giderek daha da artmaktadır. Kimyasal kompozisyonlarına bağlı olarak, bu materyaller sentetik polimerler (SAP) içeriklerinden dolayı biyolojik olarak parçalanamayan atıklar olarak nitelendirilse de özellikle SAP, plastikler ve selülozik bileşenler depolama sahalarına veya yakma tesislerinde bertaraf edilmek yerine geri kazanılabilir özelliklerdedir. Ancak henüz gelişmekte olan ülkelerde alternatif geri dönüşüm ya da kullanım seçenekleri mevcut olmadığından, uygun maliyetli ve verimli teknolojiler hızlı gelişme gösteren araştırma alanı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı da, sürdürülebilirlik ve döngüsel ekonomi çerçevesinde SAP, selülozun ve plastiğin değerlendirilmesine ve atık yönetimi ile ilgili sera gazlarının (GHG) ve maliyetlerin azaltılmasına olanak sağlayacak yenilikçi geri dönüşüm teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması hakkında bilgi birikimi oluşturmaktır. İleri teknolojilerin hayata geçirilmesi ile hem geri dönüşüm en üst düzeye çıkarılacak hem de kaynak israfı ile atık miktarı da en aza indirilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Krafchik, B., History of diapers and diapering, International Journal of Dermatology, 55, 1, 4-6, (2016).
  • Khoo, S. C., Phang, X. Y., Ng, C. M., Lim, K. L., Lam, S. S., Ma, N. L., Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 123, 116-129, (2019).
  • https://www.edana.org/docs/default-source/sustainability/edana-sustainability-report---2015.pdf?sfvrsn=e58c600a, (20.06.2021).
  • Dey, S., Kenneally, D., Odio, M., Hatzopoulos, I., Modern diaper performance: construction, materials, and safety review, International Journal of Dermatology, 55, 1, 18-20, 2016.
  • Rahat, S. H., Sarkar, A. T., Rafie, S. A. A., Hossain, S., Prospects of Diaper Disposal and its Environmental Impacts on Populated Urban Area Like Dhaka City, 2nd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE), (2014).
  • https://www.cottoninc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Nonwoven-BabyCareMarket-Brochure-low-res.pdf, (20.0.2021).
  • Mendoza, J.M.F., D’Aponte, F., Gualtieri, D., Azapagic, A., Disposable baby diapers: Life cycle costs, eco-efficiency and circular economy, Journal of Cleaner Production, 211, 455-467, (2019A).
  • https://www.nonwovens-industry.com/issues/2012-07/view_features/turkey-time-for-investment/, (20.06.2021).
  • Arena, U., Ardolino, F., Gregorio, F.D., Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products, Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 289-301, (2016).
  • Saltabaş, F., Soysal, Y., Yıldız, Ş., Balahorli, V., Evsel Kati Atik Termal Bertaraf Yöntemleri ve İstanbul’a Uygulanabilirliği, Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 109-116, (2011).
  • Salihoğlu, G., Poroy, Z., Salihoğlu, N.K., Kentsel atık yönetiminde yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi: Bursa analizi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, 6, 692-699, (2019).
  • https://www.interregeurope.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/plp_uploads/policy_briefs/Policy_brief_on_waste_management.pdf, (21.06.2021).
  • Karimi, H., Yu, Q.L., Brouwers, H.J.H., Valorization of waste baby diapers in concrete, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 153, 104548, (2020).
  • https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/nappies, (23.06.2021).
  • Itsubo, N., Wada, M., Imai, S., Myoga, A., Makino, N., Shobatake, K., Life Cycle Assessment of the Closed-Loop Recycling of Used Disposable Diapers, Resources, 9, 34, 1-15, (2020).
  • https://www.ovam.be/sites/default/files/atoms/files/Report%20TWOL%20study%20final-%20EN-%20OVAM.pdf, (27.06.2021).
  • Mendoza, J.M.F., Popa, S.A., D’Aponte, F., Gualtieri, D., Azapagic, A., Improving resource efficiency and environmental impacts through novel design and manufacturing of disposable baby diapers, Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 916-928, (2019).
  • Hwang, S. C. J., Wu, B. R., Tsai, M., Tkac, S., Sustainable Used Diaper Recycler, Genéza vývoja profilu študenta pre potreby globálneho trhu práce, Košice, (2017).
  • Henry, B., Laitala, K., Klepp, I.G., Microfibres from apparel and home textiles: Prospects for including microplastics in environmental sustainability assessment, Science of The Total Environment, 652, 483-494, (2019B).
  • https://www.circle-economy.com/news/the-circularity-gap-report-our-world-is-only-9-circular, (26.06.2021).
  • Kim, K.S., Kim, K.J., Evaluation of a Disposable-Diaper Collection Trial in Korea through Comparison with an Absorbent-Hygiene-Product Collection Trial in Scotland, Sustainability, 10 (773), 1-13, (2018).
  • https://zerowasteeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/zwe_bffp_policy-briefing_Its-time-to-clear-out-plastic-chemicals-from-nappies-not-the-poop_en-2.pdf, (25.06.2021).
  • Tsigkou, K., Tsafrakidou, P., Zafiri, C., Beobide, A. S., Kornaros, M., Pretreatment of used disposable nappies: Super absorbent polymer deswelling, Waste Management, 112, 20-29, (2020).
  • https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZmF0ZXIuaXR8cmVjYWxsLWVufGd4OjdlMzRiODlmZDZkNjYxODA, (26.06.2021).
  • https://www.cmconsultinginc.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Diaper-recycling.pdf, (09.07.2021).
  • PFS, “European Commission (DG Environment), Intentionally added microplastics in products Final report”, Doc Ref. 39168 Final Report 17271i3, London, 2017.
  • Espinosa-Valdemar, R.M., Sotelo-Navorro, P.X., Pina-Quecholac, X., Garcia-Rivera, M.A., Beltran-Villavicencio, M., Ojeda-Benitez, S., Vazquez-Morillas, A., Biological recycling of used baby diapers in a small-scale composting system, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 87, 153-157, (2014).
  • https://www.remondis-sustainability.com/en/acting/nappy-recycling/, (03.07.2021).
  • https://repository.officiele-overheidspublicaties.nl/externebijlagen/exb-2016-26046/1/bijlage/exb-2016-26046.PDF, (03.07.2021).
  • https://repository.officiele-overheidspublicaties.nl/externebijlagen/exb-2016-26046/1/bijlage/exb-2016-26046.PDF, (05.07.2021).
  • https://www.arnbv.nl/uploads/media/ARNafvalstrApr2015.pdf, (04.07.2021).
  • https://www.vang-hha.nl/publish/pages/114072/elsinga-arn.pdf, (05.07.2021).
  • https://lap3.nl/publish/pages/151977/2021-02-24-vergelijkende-mlca-luier-afvalverwerking-herzien.pdf, (06.07.2021).
  • https://www.fatergroup.com/en/news/green-train-legambiente-arrives-pescara-fater-awarded, (08.07.2021).
  • https://circulareconomynetwork.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/brochure-FaterSmart-3conferenzaCEN.pdf, (03.07.2021).
  • https://solarimpulse.com/efficient-solutions/biorefinery-for-diapers-waste, (08.07.2021).
  • https://zenbird.media/which-japanese-industries-are-moving-forward-with-a-circular-economy-approach/, (25.06.2021).
  • http://www.env.go.jp/recycle/omutu_setumei_3.pdf, (09.07.2021).

Sustainable and circular management of used baby diapers

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 317 - 330, 16.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1087446

Öz

The management of soiled baby diapers is a critical subject aggravated by the exponential increase of global consumption on natural resources and their consequent impact on environment. Due to continuous worldwide production, it is expected that 222 billion diapers (almost 90 million tons) will be generated as a waste by 2023 and this amount is increasing every year. As regards chemical compositions, these materials perceive as a non-biodegradable waste because it is made of synthetic polymers (SAPs); nevertheless, specifically the SAP, plastics and cellulosic components could be recycled instead of going to landfill or incineration plants. However, no alternative recycling or valorization options is available yet, so the cost effective and efficient state of the art technologies have emerged as a research area that is undergoing rapid development. In this context, the objective of this study are to provide insights into develop and implement new recycling technologies for sustainability and circular economy which would allow valorization of the SAPs, cellulose, and plastic and decrease of waste management related greenhouse gas (GHG) and costs. With the implementation of innovative technologies, recycling will be maximized and the waste of resources and the amount of waste will be minimized.

Kaynakça

  • Krafchik, B., History of diapers and diapering, International Journal of Dermatology, 55, 1, 4-6, (2016).
  • Khoo, S. C., Phang, X. Y., Ng, C. M., Lim, K. L., Lam, S. S., Ma, N. L., Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 123, 116-129, (2019).
  • https://www.edana.org/docs/default-source/sustainability/edana-sustainability-report---2015.pdf?sfvrsn=e58c600a, (20.06.2021).
  • Dey, S., Kenneally, D., Odio, M., Hatzopoulos, I., Modern diaper performance: construction, materials, and safety review, International Journal of Dermatology, 55, 1, 18-20, 2016.
  • Rahat, S. H., Sarkar, A. T., Rafie, S. A. A., Hossain, S., Prospects of Diaper Disposal and its Environmental Impacts on Populated Urban Area Like Dhaka City, 2nd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE), (2014).
  • https://www.cottoninc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Nonwoven-BabyCareMarket-Brochure-low-res.pdf, (20.0.2021).
  • Mendoza, J.M.F., D’Aponte, F., Gualtieri, D., Azapagic, A., Disposable baby diapers: Life cycle costs, eco-efficiency and circular economy, Journal of Cleaner Production, 211, 455-467, (2019A).
  • https://www.nonwovens-industry.com/issues/2012-07/view_features/turkey-time-for-investment/, (20.06.2021).
  • Arena, U., Ardolino, F., Gregorio, F.D., Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products, Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 289-301, (2016).
  • Saltabaş, F., Soysal, Y., Yıldız, Ş., Balahorli, V., Evsel Kati Atik Termal Bertaraf Yöntemleri ve İstanbul’a Uygulanabilirliği, Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 109-116, (2011).
  • Salihoğlu, G., Poroy, Z., Salihoğlu, N.K., Kentsel atık yönetiminde yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi: Bursa analizi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, 6, 692-699, (2019).
  • https://www.interregeurope.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/plp_uploads/policy_briefs/Policy_brief_on_waste_management.pdf, (21.06.2021).
  • Karimi, H., Yu, Q.L., Brouwers, H.J.H., Valorization of waste baby diapers in concrete, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 153, 104548, (2020).
  • https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/nappies, (23.06.2021).
  • Itsubo, N., Wada, M., Imai, S., Myoga, A., Makino, N., Shobatake, K., Life Cycle Assessment of the Closed-Loop Recycling of Used Disposable Diapers, Resources, 9, 34, 1-15, (2020).
  • https://www.ovam.be/sites/default/files/atoms/files/Report%20TWOL%20study%20final-%20EN-%20OVAM.pdf, (27.06.2021).
  • Mendoza, J.M.F., Popa, S.A., D’Aponte, F., Gualtieri, D., Azapagic, A., Improving resource efficiency and environmental impacts through novel design and manufacturing of disposable baby diapers, Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 916-928, (2019).
  • Hwang, S. C. J., Wu, B. R., Tsai, M., Tkac, S., Sustainable Used Diaper Recycler, Genéza vývoja profilu študenta pre potreby globálneho trhu práce, Košice, (2017).
  • Henry, B., Laitala, K., Klepp, I.G., Microfibres from apparel and home textiles: Prospects for including microplastics in environmental sustainability assessment, Science of The Total Environment, 652, 483-494, (2019B).
  • https://www.circle-economy.com/news/the-circularity-gap-report-our-world-is-only-9-circular, (26.06.2021).
  • Kim, K.S., Kim, K.J., Evaluation of a Disposable-Diaper Collection Trial in Korea through Comparison with an Absorbent-Hygiene-Product Collection Trial in Scotland, Sustainability, 10 (773), 1-13, (2018).
  • https://zerowasteeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/zwe_bffp_policy-briefing_Its-time-to-clear-out-plastic-chemicals-from-nappies-not-the-poop_en-2.pdf, (25.06.2021).
  • Tsigkou, K., Tsafrakidou, P., Zafiri, C., Beobide, A. S., Kornaros, M., Pretreatment of used disposable nappies: Super absorbent polymer deswelling, Waste Management, 112, 20-29, (2020).
  • https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZmF0ZXIuaXR8cmVjYWxsLWVufGd4OjdlMzRiODlmZDZkNjYxODA, (26.06.2021).
  • https://www.cmconsultinginc.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Diaper-recycling.pdf, (09.07.2021).
  • PFS, “European Commission (DG Environment), Intentionally added microplastics in products Final report”, Doc Ref. 39168 Final Report 17271i3, London, 2017.
  • Espinosa-Valdemar, R.M., Sotelo-Navorro, P.X., Pina-Quecholac, X., Garcia-Rivera, M.A., Beltran-Villavicencio, M., Ojeda-Benitez, S., Vazquez-Morillas, A., Biological recycling of used baby diapers in a small-scale composting system, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 87, 153-157, (2014).
  • https://www.remondis-sustainability.com/en/acting/nappy-recycling/, (03.07.2021).
  • https://repository.officiele-overheidspublicaties.nl/externebijlagen/exb-2016-26046/1/bijlage/exb-2016-26046.PDF, (03.07.2021).
  • https://repository.officiele-overheidspublicaties.nl/externebijlagen/exb-2016-26046/1/bijlage/exb-2016-26046.PDF, (05.07.2021).
  • https://www.arnbv.nl/uploads/media/ARNafvalstrApr2015.pdf, (04.07.2021).
  • https://www.vang-hha.nl/publish/pages/114072/elsinga-arn.pdf, (05.07.2021).
  • https://lap3.nl/publish/pages/151977/2021-02-24-vergelijkende-mlca-luier-afvalverwerking-herzien.pdf, (06.07.2021).
  • https://www.fatergroup.com/en/news/green-train-legambiente-arrives-pescara-fater-awarded, (08.07.2021).
  • https://circulareconomynetwork.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/brochure-FaterSmart-3conferenzaCEN.pdf, (03.07.2021).
  • https://solarimpulse.com/efficient-solutions/biorefinery-for-diapers-waste, (08.07.2021).
  • https://zenbird.media/which-japanese-industries-are-moving-forward-with-a-circular-economy-approach/, (25.06.2021).
  • http://www.env.go.jp/recycle/omutu_setumei_3.pdf, (09.07.2021).
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme Makalesi
Yazarlar

Volkan Pelitli 0000-0001-7332-4151

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Pelitli, V. (2023). Atık bebek bezlerinin sürdürülebilir ve döngüsel yönetimi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 317-330. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1087446
AMA Pelitli V. Atık bebek bezlerinin sürdürülebilir ve döngüsel yönetimi. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. Ocak 2023;25(1):317-330. doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1087446
Chicago Pelitli, Volkan. “Atık Bebek Bezlerinin sürdürülebilir Ve döngüsel yönetimi”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 25, sy. 1 (Ocak 2023): 317-30. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1087446.
EndNote Pelitli V (01 Ocak 2023) Atık bebek bezlerinin sürdürülebilir ve döngüsel yönetimi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 25 1 317–330.
IEEE V. Pelitli, “Atık bebek bezlerinin sürdürülebilir ve döngüsel yönetimi”, BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 1, ss. 317–330, 2023, doi: 10.25092/baunfbed.1087446.
ISNAD Pelitli, Volkan. “Atık Bebek Bezlerinin sürdürülebilir Ve döngüsel yönetimi”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 25/1 (Ocak 2023), 317-330. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1087446.
JAMA Pelitli V. Atık bebek bezlerinin sürdürülebilir ve döngüsel yönetimi. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. 2023;25:317–330.
MLA Pelitli, Volkan. “Atık Bebek Bezlerinin sürdürülebilir Ve döngüsel yönetimi”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 317-30, doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1087446.
Vancouver Pelitli V. Atık bebek bezlerinin sürdürülebilir ve döngüsel yönetimi. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. 2023;25(1):317-30.