Abstract
Üretim
atıksuyu petrol ve doğalgaz üretimi sırasında oluşarak petrol ve doğalgazın
yeraltından pompalanması ile birlikte yüzeye çıkmaktadır. Üretim atıksuyu, içerisinde
birçok organik ve inorganik bileşik içeren ve bu nedenle deşarjı öncesinde
uygun şekilde arıtılması gereken bir atıksu türüdür. Üretim atıksularının
arıtılmasında fiziksel, kimyasal ve/veya biyolojik yöntemler kullanılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, petrol ve doğalgaz üretim atıksularının biyolojik olarak
arıtılabilirliğinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda; petrol ve
doğalgaz üretimi ve sadece doğalgaz üretimi yapan sahalardan elde edilen üretim
atıksuyu ardışık kesikli reaktör (AKR) sisteminde arıtılmıştır. Doğalgaz üretim
sahasından alınan atıksuyun yüksek tuzluluk içeriğinden dolayı, biyolojik
arıtılabilirliğinin düşük seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Petrol ve doğalgaz üretim
sahasından alınan üretim atıksuyunda ise ortalama KOİ giderim verimi %68
seviyesine ulaşmıştır. Petrol ve doğalgaz üretim atıksuyunun biyolojik olarak
arıtılamayacak (inert) fraksiyonları da çalışma kapsamında belirlenmiştir.
Üretim atıksuyunda %86 oranında biyolojik olarak giderilebilen KOİ içeriği
olduğu saptanmış ve geri kalan kısmın inert partiküler ve inert çözünmüş KOİ
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üretim atıksuyunda inert karakterizayonun ve
biyolojik arıtılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi, en uygun arıtma prosesi seçiminde
yol gösterici olması bakımından oldukça önemlidir.
Keywords
Ardışık kesikli reaktör biyolojik arıtılabilirlik inert KOİ toplam petrol hidrokarbonları petrol ve doğal gaz üretim atıksuyu
References
- Adewumi, M.A., Erb, J.E., Watson, R.W. (1992) Design considerations for a cost effective treatment of stripper oil well producedwater, ProducedWater: Technological/Environmental Issues and Solutions, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6
- Ahmadun, F.R., Pendashteh, A., Abdullah, L.C., Biak, D.R.A., Madaeni, S.S., Abidin, Z.Z. (2009) Review of technologies for oil and as produced water treatment, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170, 530–551 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.044
- API (1997). Oil and Gas Waste Management – Preliminary Results from API Survey, American Petroleum Institute.
- AWWA (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA.
- Barrufet, M., Burnett, D., Mareth, B. (2005) Modeling and operation of oil removal and desalting oilfield brines with modular units, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, USA.
- Campos J.C., Borges R.M.H., Oliveira Filho A.M., Nobrega R. and Sant’Anna Jr. G.L. (2002) Oilfield wastewater treatment by combined microfiltration and biological processes. Water Research, 36:95–104. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00203-2
- Dfaz, M.P., Grigson, S.J.W., Peppiat, C.J., Burgess, G. (2000) Isolation and characterization of novel hydrocarbon-degrading euryhaline consortia from crude oil and mangrove sediments, Marine Biotechnology 2 522–532. doi: 10.1007/s101260000037
- Doyle, D.H., Brown, A.B. (2000) Produced water treatment and hydrocarbon removal with organoclay, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, USA. doi:10.2118/63100-MS
- Dyke, C.A. (1992) Reducing aqueous boron concentrations with reverse osmosis membranes operating at a high pH, US Patent No. 5,250,185.
- Ezechi, E. H., Sapari, N., Menyechi, E. J., Ude, C. M., Olisa, E. (2017) Treatment of produced water in a floating carrier bioreactor. Environmental Engineering Research, 22, 210-215. doi: 10.4491/eer.2016.123
- Freire, D.D.C., Cammarota, M.C., Sant’Anna, G.L. (2001) Biological treatment of oil field wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor, Environmental Technology 22, 1125–1135. doi: 10.1080/09593332208618203
- Garbutt, C.F. (1997) Innovative treating processes allow steam flooding with poor quality oilfield water, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 5–8 October. doi: 10.2118/38799-MS
- Garbutt, C.F. (1999) Water treatment process for reducing the hardness of an oilfield produced water, US Patent No. 5,879,562.
- Hansen BR, Davies SRH. (1994) Review of potential technologies for the removal of dissolved components from produced water. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 72:176–88.
- Hommel, R.K. (1990) Formation and physiological role of biosurfactants produced by hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms, Biodegradation 1 107–119. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-3452-1_3
- Jimenez, S., Mico, M. M., Arnaldos, M., Medina, F., Contreras, S. (2018) State of the art of produced water treatment. Chemosphere, 192, 186-208. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.139
- Kayaalp, N., Ersahin, M. E., Ozgun, H., Koyuncu, I., & Kinaci, C. (2010) A new approach for chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurement at high salinity and low organic matter samples. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 17(9), 1547-1552. doi: 10.1007/s11356-010-0341-z
- Kose Mutlu, B., Ersahin, M.E., Ozgun, H., Kaya, R., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2017) Influence of powdered and granular activated carbon system as a pre-treatment alternative on membrane filtration of produced water, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 92(2), 283-291. doi: 10.1002/jctb.4996
- Kose, B., Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E., Dizge, N., Koseoglu-Imer, D.Y., Atay, B., Kaya, R., Altınbas, M., Sayili, S., Hoshan, P., Atay, D., Eren, E., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2012) Performance evaluation of a submerged membrane bioreactor for the treatment of brackish oil and natural gas field produced water, Desalination, 285, 295-300. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2011.10.016
- Mondal S. and Wickramasinghe S.R. (2008) Produced water treatment by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 322:162–170. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.05.039
- Morrow L.R., Martir W.K., Aghazeynali H., WrightnD.E. (1999) Process of treating produced water with ozone, US Patent No. 5,868,945.
- Neff J.M., Sour T.C., Maciolek N. (1989) Fate and Effects of Produced Water Discharges in Nearshore Marine Waters, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. American Petroleum Institute Publication No. 4472. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_29
- Orhon D., Artan, N. (1994) Modelling of Activated Sludge Systems, Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Lanchester, Basel, Switzerland. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb01620.x
- Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E., Erdem, S., Atay, B., Sayili, S., Eren, E., Hoshan, P., Atay, D., Altinbas, M., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2013a) Comparative evaluation for characterization of produced water generated from oil, gas and oil-gas production fields, Clean-Soil Air Water, 41(12), 1175-1182. doi: 10.1002/clen.201200204
- Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E., Erdem, S., Atay, B., Kose, B., Kaya, R., Altinbas, M., Sayili, S., Hoshan, P., Atay, D., Eren, E., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2013b) Effects of the pre-treatment alternatives on the treatment of oil-gas field produced water by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 88, 1576-1583. doi: 10.1002/jctb.4007
- Öztürk, İ., Yetilmezsoy, K., Ekdal, A., Cüceloğlu, G., Güven, H. (2016) Çevre Mühendisleri için İstatistik ve Deneysel Tasarım, İSTAÇ A.Ş., İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Piemonte, V., Di Paola, L., Prisciandaro, M. (2016) Two phase partitioning bioreactor applied to produced water treatment. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 6(2), 274-279. doi: 10.1080/19443994.2016.1148222
- Qiao, X., Zhang, Z., Yu, J., Ye, X., (2008) Performance Characteristics of A Hybrid Membrane Pilot-Scale Plant for Oilfield-Produced Wastewater, Desalination 225, 113–122. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.092
- Stephenson MT. (1992) Components of produced water: a compilation of industry studies. Journal of Petroleum Technology 44:548–603. doi: 10.2118/23313-PA
- Stoll, Z.A., Forrestal, C., Ren, Z.J., Xu, P. (2015) Shale gas produced water treatment using innovative microbial capacitive desalination cell. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 283, 847-855. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.015
- Tao, F.T., Curtice, S., Hobbs, R.D., Sides, J.L., Wieser, J.D., Dyke, C.A., Tuohey, D., Pilger, P.F. (1993) Reverse osmosis process successfully converts oil field brine into freshwater, Oil and Gas Journal 91 (1993) 88–91.
- Tellez GT, Nirmalakhandan N, Gardea-Torresdey JL. (1995) Evaluation of biokinetic coefficients in degradation of oilfield produced water under varyingsalt concentrations. Water Research 29:1711–8. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(94)00328-5
- Wei, N., Wang, X.H., Li, F.K., Zhang, Y.J., Guo, Y. (2003) Treatment of high-salt oil field produced water by composite microbial culture, Urban Environment & Urban Ecology 16 10–12.
- Yang, Z.G., Zhang, N.S. (2005) Treatment of produced wastewater by flocculation settlement-Fenton oxidation–adsorption method, Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University Natural Science Edition 20 50–53
Abstract
Produced water is co-produced during oil and gas
production and the oil/water mixture is pumped out of the well to the surface. Produced
water contains various organic and inorganic components and thus, should be
treated properly before its discharge. Physical, chemical and biological
methods are used for the treatment of produced water. The aim of this study was
to determine the biological treatability of produced water originated from oil
and natural gas fields. Within this concept, produced water from oil and
natural gas field, and from natural gas field was treated by sequencing batch
reactors (SBR). Because of the high salinity content of the produced water from
natural gas field, biological treatability of the samples from this field was very
low. Average COD removal efficiency of 68% was achieved in the SBR treating
produced water from oil and natural gas field. Non-biodegradable (inert)
fractions of the produced water were also determined in the study.
Biodegradable COD constituted 86% of total COD in the produced water. The rest
part of the total COD was found as inert (particulate and soluble) COD. Determination
of the inert characterization and biological treatability of the produced water
is very critical for the selection of the most appropriate treatment method.
Keywords
Biological treatability inert COD produced water sequencing batch reactor total petroleum hydrocarbons
References
- Adewumi, M.A., Erb, J.E., Watson, R.W. (1992) Design considerations for a cost effective treatment of stripper oil well producedwater, ProducedWater: Technological/Environmental Issues and Solutions, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6
- Ahmadun, F.R., Pendashteh, A., Abdullah, L.C., Biak, D.R.A., Madaeni, S.S., Abidin, Z.Z. (2009) Review of technologies for oil and as produced water treatment, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170, 530–551 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.044
- API (1997). Oil and Gas Waste Management – Preliminary Results from API Survey, American Petroleum Institute.
- AWWA (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA.
- Barrufet, M., Burnett, D., Mareth, B. (2005) Modeling and operation of oil removal and desalting oilfield brines with modular units, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, USA.
- Campos J.C., Borges R.M.H., Oliveira Filho A.M., Nobrega R. and Sant’Anna Jr. G.L. (2002) Oilfield wastewater treatment by combined microfiltration and biological processes. Water Research, 36:95–104. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00203-2
- Dfaz, M.P., Grigson, S.J.W., Peppiat, C.J., Burgess, G. (2000) Isolation and characterization of novel hydrocarbon-degrading euryhaline consortia from crude oil and mangrove sediments, Marine Biotechnology 2 522–532. doi: 10.1007/s101260000037
- Doyle, D.H., Brown, A.B. (2000) Produced water treatment and hydrocarbon removal with organoclay, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, USA. doi:10.2118/63100-MS
- Dyke, C.A. (1992) Reducing aqueous boron concentrations with reverse osmosis membranes operating at a high pH, US Patent No. 5,250,185.
- Ezechi, E. H., Sapari, N., Menyechi, E. J., Ude, C. M., Olisa, E. (2017) Treatment of produced water in a floating carrier bioreactor. Environmental Engineering Research, 22, 210-215. doi: 10.4491/eer.2016.123
- Freire, D.D.C., Cammarota, M.C., Sant’Anna, G.L. (2001) Biological treatment of oil field wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor, Environmental Technology 22, 1125–1135. doi: 10.1080/09593332208618203
- Garbutt, C.F. (1997) Innovative treating processes allow steam flooding with poor quality oilfield water, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 5–8 October. doi: 10.2118/38799-MS
- Garbutt, C.F. (1999) Water treatment process for reducing the hardness of an oilfield produced water, US Patent No. 5,879,562.
- Hansen BR, Davies SRH. (1994) Review of potential technologies for the removal of dissolved components from produced water. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 72:176–88.
- Hommel, R.K. (1990) Formation and physiological role of biosurfactants produced by hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms, Biodegradation 1 107–119. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-3452-1_3
- Jimenez, S., Mico, M. M., Arnaldos, M., Medina, F., Contreras, S. (2018) State of the art of produced water treatment. Chemosphere, 192, 186-208. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.139
- Kayaalp, N., Ersahin, M. E., Ozgun, H., Koyuncu, I., & Kinaci, C. (2010) A new approach for chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurement at high salinity and low organic matter samples. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 17(9), 1547-1552. doi: 10.1007/s11356-010-0341-z
- Kose Mutlu, B., Ersahin, M.E., Ozgun, H., Kaya, R., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2017) Influence of powdered and granular activated carbon system as a pre-treatment alternative on membrane filtration of produced water, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 92(2), 283-291. doi: 10.1002/jctb.4996
- Kose, B., Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E., Dizge, N., Koseoglu-Imer, D.Y., Atay, B., Kaya, R., Altınbas, M., Sayili, S., Hoshan, P., Atay, D., Eren, E., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2012) Performance evaluation of a submerged membrane bioreactor for the treatment of brackish oil and natural gas field produced water, Desalination, 285, 295-300. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2011.10.016
- Mondal S. and Wickramasinghe S.R. (2008) Produced water treatment by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 322:162–170. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.05.039
- Morrow L.R., Martir W.K., Aghazeynali H., WrightnD.E. (1999) Process of treating produced water with ozone, US Patent No. 5,868,945.
- Neff J.M., Sour T.C., Maciolek N. (1989) Fate and Effects of Produced Water Discharges in Nearshore Marine Waters, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. American Petroleum Institute Publication No. 4472. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_29
- Orhon D., Artan, N. (1994) Modelling of Activated Sludge Systems, Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Lanchester, Basel, Switzerland. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb01620.x
- Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E., Erdem, S., Atay, B., Sayili, S., Eren, E., Hoshan, P., Atay, D., Altinbas, M., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2013a) Comparative evaluation for characterization of produced water generated from oil, gas and oil-gas production fields, Clean-Soil Air Water, 41(12), 1175-1182. doi: 10.1002/clen.201200204
- Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E., Erdem, S., Atay, B., Kose, B., Kaya, R., Altinbas, M., Sayili, S., Hoshan, P., Atay, D., Eren, E., Kinaci, C., Koyuncu, I. (2013b) Effects of the pre-treatment alternatives on the treatment of oil-gas field produced water by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 88, 1576-1583. doi: 10.1002/jctb.4007
- Öztürk, İ., Yetilmezsoy, K., Ekdal, A., Cüceloğlu, G., Güven, H. (2016) Çevre Mühendisleri için İstatistik ve Deneysel Tasarım, İSTAÇ A.Ş., İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Piemonte, V., Di Paola, L., Prisciandaro, M. (2016) Two phase partitioning bioreactor applied to produced water treatment. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 6(2), 274-279. doi: 10.1080/19443994.2016.1148222
- Qiao, X., Zhang, Z., Yu, J., Ye, X., (2008) Performance Characteristics of A Hybrid Membrane Pilot-Scale Plant for Oilfield-Produced Wastewater, Desalination 225, 113–122. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.092
- Stephenson MT. (1992) Components of produced water: a compilation of industry studies. Journal of Petroleum Technology 44:548–603. doi: 10.2118/23313-PA
- Stoll, Z.A., Forrestal, C., Ren, Z.J., Xu, P. (2015) Shale gas produced water treatment using innovative microbial capacitive desalination cell. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 283, 847-855. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.015
- Tao, F.T., Curtice, S., Hobbs, R.D., Sides, J.L., Wieser, J.D., Dyke, C.A., Tuohey, D., Pilger, P.F. (1993) Reverse osmosis process successfully converts oil field brine into freshwater, Oil and Gas Journal 91 (1993) 88–91.
- Tellez GT, Nirmalakhandan N, Gardea-Torresdey JL. (1995) Evaluation of biokinetic coefficients in degradation of oilfield produced water under varyingsalt concentrations. Water Research 29:1711–8. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(94)00328-5
- Wei, N., Wang, X.H., Li, F.K., Zhang, Y.J., Guo, Y. (2003) Treatment of high-salt oil field produced water by composite microbial culture, Urban Environment & Urban Ecology 16 10–12.
- Yang, Z.G., Zhang, N.S. (2005) Treatment of produced wastewater by flocculation settlement-Fenton oxidation–adsorption method, Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University Natural Science Edition 20 50–53
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2018 |
| Submission Date | November 24, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | May 4, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 23 Issue: 2 |
Cite
Announcements:
30.03.2021-Beginning with our April 2021 (26/1) issue, in accordance with the new criteria of TR-Dizin, the Declaration of Conflict of Interest and the Declaration of Author Contribution forms fulfilled and signed by all authors are required as well as the Copyright form during the initial submission of the manuscript. Furthermore two new sections, i.e. ‘Conflict of Interest’ and ‘Author Contribution’, should be added to the manuscript. Links of those forms that should be submitted with the initial manuscript can be found in our 'Author Guidelines' and 'Submission Procedure' pages. The manuscript template is also updated. For articles reviewed and accepted for publication in our 2021 and ongoing issues and for articles currently under review process, those forms should also be fulfilled, signed and uploaded to the system by authors.