BibTex RIS Cite

Soybean Protein Fibres Part 1: Structure, Production and Environmental Effects of Soybean Protein Fibres

Year 2014, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 29 - 50, 21.12.2014

Fatma Yıldırım Osman Avinç Arzu Yavaş

https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.91482
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Soybean fiber (SPF) is a protein based botanic fibre. These fibers exhibit very good physical properties such as brightness, softness and drape. Moreover, SPF has a variety of health functionalities and anti-bacterial properties. Fibers were first produced in the 20th mid-century. However due to the significant challenges encountered during the production of SPF, interest for these fibers was decreased. At the end of the 20 th century, SPF re-captured attention due to an increased awakening on ecological, renewable and sustainable fiber concept. Soybean is cheap and abundant. Tenacity of SPF was improved by including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Therefore, the production and the usage of SPF are increasing rapidly because of these key advantages. Soybean fibers usually is used in blends with other fibers. In Turkey, a variety of different products are produced from this special fiber. This review, about SPF, is divided into two sections. In the first part; structure and production stages of SPF and its enviromental effects have been described. In the second part of this review, properties and application areas of SPF have been described. The purpose of this review is to fill a gap in the Turkish literature about this bio-degradable, renewable and sustainable SPF. 

Keywords

Soybean protein fiber soybean softness renewable biodegradable sustainable

References

  • http://ecoelle.com.au/pages/soyluxe, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Ecoelle.
  • Education and Research Network (2001), China develops world’s first soybean garment, http://www.edu.cn/20010101/22557.shtml, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012.
  • Environmental Protection Agency, (1987)
  • http://www.ethicalcommunity.com/ethical-living/Fashion/Soybean-protein-fibre-a-recycled-wonder-fibre, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Ethicalcommunity.
  • http://euroflax.com/products_imports%20of_textiles.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Euroflax.
  • The role and business case for existing and emerging fibres in sustainable clothing, (2010), Final Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=EV0420_9092_FRP.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; EV0420.
  • http://fabmanindia.com/soybean-fabric.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Fabmanindia.
  • Fletcher, H.M., (1942) Synthetic Fibers and Textiles. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 300, Kansas State College of Agiculture and Applied Science, 35-36, Kansas
  • http://www.food-info.net/tr/intol/soy.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Food-info.
  • http://www.general-files.com/download/gs5d4e98bfh32i0/PROTEI%20altb.pdf.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; General-files.
  • Harris, M. (1954), Handbook of textile Fibres, Washington, Harris Research Laboratories, 82
  • Tahir Haytoğlu - Hayteks Ekolojik Tekstil San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., Ankara TÜRKİYE, www.hayteks.biz.tr, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; Hayteks.
  • http://www.hellotrade.com/ttet-union-corporation/high-protein-soybean-flake.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11. 2012, Konu; Hellotrade.
  • Huankantianyuan High-Tech Co. Ltd. (n.d.), (2004), Introduction to SPF, www.soybeanfibre.com.
  • Huang, H C, Hammond E G, Reitmeier C A and Myers D J (1995), Properties of Fibers produced from Soy Protein Isolate by Extrusion and Wet Spinning, Journal of the American Oil Chemistry Society, 72 (12): p.1453-1460.
  • Huppert O., (1943), Treatment of artificial protein films and filaments, Patent US 2,309, 113.
  • Huppert O., (1945), Process of Manufacture of Synthetic Woll From Soybean Protein, U.S. Patent 2,377,885.
  • http://www.ito.org.tr/Dokuman/Sektor/1-84.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; İto.
  • Ishino, K. And Okamoto, S. (1975), Molecular interaction in alkali denaturated soybean proteins, Cereal Chemistry.
  • Kajita, T. & Inoue, R. (1940). Process for manufacturing artificial fiber from protein contained in soya bean, US Patent 2,191,194.
  • Kajita T and Inoue R. (1940a), Process for manufacturing artificial fiber from protein contained in soybean, US Patent 2,192,194.
  • Kajita T and Inoue R. (1940b), Process for manufacturing artificial fiber from protein contained in soybean, US Patent 2,198,538.
  • Kelly, K.K. and Pressey, R, (1966), Cereal Chemistry, 43 (2), 195.
  • Kiplinger, J. (2003), Meet the azlons from A-Z: Regenerated &Rejuvenated, www.fabrics.net/joan103.asp.
  • Lundgren, H.P. and O’Connell, R.A., (1944), Artifical fibers from corpuscular and fibrious proteins, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 36 (4), 370
  • Monticello T M, Morgan K T, Everitt J I and Popp J A, (1989), Effects of Formaldehyde Gas on the respiratory- Tract of Rhesus-Monkeys-pathology and cell-proliferation, American Journal of Pathology, 134 (3): p. 515-527
  • Montly Energy Review, (1991), Crude il price Summery, Energy Information Administration.
  • Motonaga, K, Misaka E, Nakajima E, Ueda S and Nakanish K, (1965), Structure of Yeast Cytochrome C. I. Monomer and Dimer Interconversion, Journal of Biochemistry, 57 (1): p.22
  • http://www.mustafaaltinisik.org.uk/89-1-07.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; Proteinler.
  • Myers, D. (1993). Past, present and potential uses of soy proteins in non-food industrial applications, Proceedings of the World Conference on Oilseed Technology and Utilization, ISBN 0-935315-45-4, March 10, 2011, Budapest.
  • Nielsen, N.C., (1985), Structure of Soy Proteins, New Protein Foods Vol 5: Seed Storage Proteins, A.M. Altschul, Academic Press, New York.
  • Pearson, A.M., (1984), Soy proteins, Developments in Soy Proteins- 2, B.J.F. Hudson, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, New York.
  • Petersen H., (1987), Chemistry of crease-resist Crosslinking Agents, Review of progress in Coloration, 17: p. 7-22.
  • http://www.polimernedir.com/polimer-nedir-2/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; Polimernedir.
  • Ramseyer, D.R., (1941), Ford develops soybean uphostery fiber, Soybean Digest, 11,12.
  • Rijavec T. and Zupin Z., (2011), Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products, Soybean Protein Fibres (SPF), Chapter 23, Edited by Dora Krezhova, ISBN 978-953-307-533-4, InTech, http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/22617/InTech- Soybean_protein_fibres_spf_.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012.
  • Sakurada I. (1985), Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers, Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • http://www.scribd.com/doc/56709310/Application-of-Contemporary-Fibres-in-Apparel-Soybean , Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Scribd.
  • Sherman J.V. and Sherman S.L (1946), The New Fibers, D van Nostrand Company, 32, New York.
  • 58. www.soyasilk.com, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Soyasilk.
  • http://www.swicofil.com/soybeanproteinfiber.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Swicofil.
  • http://www.tarimkutuphanesi.com/SOYA_FASULYESI_TARIMI_01736.html, Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Tarımkütüphanesi.
  • http://tejaratalvand.com/fa/pdf/Soybean.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Erişim.
  • http://www.tgsd.org.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161:modada- yesil-akim-ekolojik-trend&catid=106:trendler&Itemid=187, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; TGSD.
  • Traill, D., (1951), Some trails by ingenious inquisitive persons: regenerated proetin fibres, journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, 67, 265.
  • Vynias D. (2006), Investigation into the wet processing and surface analysis of soybean fabrics, PhD Thesis, University of Manchester, UK.
  • Vynias D., (2011), Soybean Fibre: A Novel Fibre in the Textile Industry, Soybean - Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physiology, 26: p. 461-494.
  • http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Wikipedia.
  • The woolmark company, (2001), http://www.wool.com, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Wool.
  • Wormell, R.L., (1954), New Fibers from Proteins, Butterworths Scientific Publications, 3, London.
  • Yi-you L. (2004), The soybean protein fibre-a healty and comfortable fibre for the 21 th century, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 12 (2), [46], 9.
  • Zhang Y, Ghasemzadeh S, Kotliar A.M, Kumar S, Presnell S and Williams LD, (1999), Fibers from soybean protein and Poly(vinyl alcohol), Journal of applied polymer science, 71: p. 11- 19.
  • Zhang X, Min B, and Kumar S, (2003), Solution spinning and characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/soybean Protein Blend Fibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Sience, 90 (3):p.716.
  • http://www.21food.com/products/soybean-cake-544427.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11. 2012, Konu; 21food.

Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri

Year 2014, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 29 - 50, 21.12.2014

Fatma Yıldırım Osman Avinç Arzu Yavaş

https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.91482
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Soya fasülyesi lifi (SPF), protein esaslı botanik bir liftir. Lifler sahip olduğu yumuşaklık, dökümlülük ve parlaklık gibi fiziksel özelliklerinin yanında antibakteriyellik gibi sağlık açısından faydalı özelliklere de sahiptir. SPF ilk olarak 20. yy’ın ortalarında üretilmeye başlanmıştır. Fakat liflerin üretimi sırasında mukavemet ile ilgili karşılaşılan önemli zorluklar, liflere olan ilgiyi azaltmıştır. 20.yy’ın sonlarında ekolojik ve yenilenebilir kaynaklardan üretilen liflere olan ilginin artması sonucu SPF’de tekrar gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. Soya fasülyesinin ucuz ve bol olması da bu life olan ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Ayrıca liflerin mukavemeti, liflere polivinil alkol (PVA) dahil edilmesi ile geliştirilmiştir. Günümüzde SPF, artan bir hızla tekstil sektöründe kullanılmaya devam edilmekte ve genellikle diğer lifler ile karışım halinde kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de de SPF kullanılarak çeşitli ürünler üretilmektedir. SPF hakkında yazılmış bu derleme iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde; SPF’nin genel yapısı, üretim aşamaları ve çevresel etkisi hakkında, ikinci bölümde ise SPF’nin özellikleri ve kullanım alanları hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı biyo-bozunur, yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir SPF lifi hakkında bulunan Türkçe literatür eksikliğini doldurmaktır.

Keywords

soya fasülyesi protein lifi; yumuşaklık; yenilenebilir; biyo-bozunur; sürdürülebilir

References

  • http://ecoelle.com.au/pages/soyluxe, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Ecoelle.
  • Education and Research Network (2001), China develops world’s first soybean garment, http://www.edu.cn/20010101/22557.shtml, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012.
  • Environmental Protection Agency, (1987)
  • http://www.ethicalcommunity.com/ethical-living/Fashion/Soybean-protein-fibre-a-recycled-wonder-fibre, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Ethicalcommunity.
  • http://euroflax.com/products_imports%20of_textiles.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Euroflax.
  • The role and business case for existing and emerging fibres in sustainable clothing, (2010), Final Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=EV0420_9092_FRP.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; EV0420.
  • http://fabmanindia.com/soybean-fabric.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Fabmanindia.
  • Fletcher, H.M., (1942) Synthetic Fibers and Textiles. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 300, Kansas State College of Agiculture and Applied Science, 35-36, Kansas
  • http://www.food-info.net/tr/intol/soy.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Food-info.
  • http://www.general-files.com/download/gs5d4e98bfh32i0/PROTEI%20altb.pdf.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; General-files.
  • Harris, M. (1954), Handbook of textile Fibres, Washington, Harris Research Laboratories, 82
  • Tahir Haytoğlu - Hayteks Ekolojik Tekstil San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., Ankara TÜRKİYE, www.hayteks.biz.tr, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; Hayteks.
  • http://www.hellotrade.com/ttet-union-corporation/high-protein-soybean-flake.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11. 2012, Konu; Hellotrade.
  • Huankantianyuan High-Tech Co. Ltd. (n.d.), (2004), Introduction to SPF, www.soybeanfibre.com.
  • Huang, H C, Hammond E G, Reitmeier C A and Myers D J (1995), Properties of Fibers produced from Soy Protein Isolate by Extrusion and Wet Spinning, Journal of the American Oil Chemistry Society, 72 (12): p.1453-1460.
  • Huppert O., (1943), Treatment of artificial protein films and filaments, Patent US 2,309, 113.
  • Huppert O., (1945), Process of Manufacture of Synthetic Woll From Soybean Protein, U.S. Patent 2,377,885.
  • http://www.ito.org.tr/Dokuman/Sektor/1-84.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; İto.
  • Ishino, K. And Okamoto, S. (1975), Molecular interaction in alkali denaturated soybean proteins, Cereal Chemistry.
  • Kajita, T. & Inoue, R. (1940). Process for manufacturing artificial fiber from protein contained in soya bean, US Patent 2,191,194.
  • Kajita T and Inoue R. (1940a), Process for manufacturing artificial fiber from protein contained in soybean, US Patent 2,192,194.
  • Kajita T and Inoue R. (1940b), Process for manufacturing artificial fiber from protein contained in soybean, US Patent 2,198,538.
  • Kelly, K.K. and Pressey, R, (1966), Cereal Chemistry, 43 (2), 195.
  • Kiplinger, J. (2003), Meet the azlons from A-Z: Regenerated &Rejuvenated, www.fabrics.net/joan103.asp.
  • Lundgren, H.P. and O’Connell, R.A., (1944), Artifical fibers from corpuscular and fibrious proteins, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 36 (4), 370
  • Monticello T M, Morgan K T, Everitt J I and Popp J A, (1989), Effects of Formaldehyde Gas on the respiratory- Tract of Rhesus-Monkeys-pathology and cell-proliferation, American Journal of Pathology, 134 (3): p. 515-527
  • Montly Energy Review, (1991), Crude il price Summery, Energy Information Administration.
  • Motonaga, K, Misaka E, Nakajima E, Ueda S and Nakanish K, (1965), Structure of Yeast Cytochrome C. I. Monomer and Dimer Interconversion, Journal of Biochemistry, 57 (1): p.22
  • http://www.mustafaaltinisik.org.uk/89-1-07.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; Proteinler.
  • Myers, D. (1993). Past, present and potential uses of soy proteins in non-food industrial applications, Proceedings of the World Conference on Oilseed Technology and Utilization, ISBN 0-935315-45-4, March 10, 2011, Budapest.
  • Nielsen, N.C., (1985), Structure of Soy Proteins, New Protein Foods Vol 5: Seed Storage Proteins, A.M. Altschul, Academic Press, New York.
  • Pearson, A.M., (1984), Soy proteins, Developments in Soy Proteins- 2, B.J.F. Hudson, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, New York.
  • Petersen H., (1987), Chemistry of crease-resist Crosslinking Agents, Review of progress in Coloration, 17: p. 7-22.
  • http://www.polimernedir.com/polimer-nedir-2/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2012, Konu; Polimernedir.
  • Ramseyer, D.R., (1941), Ford develops soybean uphostery fiber, Soybean Digest, 11,12.
  • Rijavec T. and Zupin Z., (2011), Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products, Soybean Protein Fibres (SPF), Chapter 23, Edited by Dora Krezhova, ISBN 978-953-307-533-4, InTech, http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/22617/InTech- Soybean_protein_fibres_spf_.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012.
  • Sakurada I. (1985), Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers, Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • http://www.scribd.com/doc/56709310/Application-of-Contemporary-Fibres-in-Apparel-Soybean , Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Scribd.
  • Sherman J.V. and Sherman S.L (1946), The New Fibers, D van Nostrand Company, 32, New York.
  • 58. www.soyasilk.com, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Soyasilk.
  • http://www.swicofil.com/soybeanproteinfiber.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Swicofil.
  • http://www.tarimkutuphanesi.com/SOYA_FASULYESI_TARIMI_01736.html, Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Tarımkütüphanesi.
  • http://tejaratalvand.com/fa/pdf/Soybean.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2012, Konu; Erişim.
  • http://www.tgsd.org.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161:modada- yesil-akim-ekolojik-trend&catid=106:trendler&Itemid=187, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; TGSD.
  • Traill, D., (1951), Some trails by ingenious inquisitive persons: regenerated proetin fibres, journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, 67, 265.
  • Vynias D. (2006), Investigation into the wet processing and surface analysis of soybean fabrics, PhD Thesis, University of Manchester, UK.
  • Vynias D., (2011), Soybean Fibre: A Novel Fibre in the Textile Industry, Soybean - Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physiology, 26: p. 461-494.
  • http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Wikipedia.
  • The woolmark company, (2001), http://www.wool.com, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01. 2012, Konu; Wool.
  • Wormell, R.L., (1954), New Fibers from Proteins, Butterworths Scientific Publications, 3, London.
  • Yi-you L. (2004), The soybean protein fibre-a healty and comfortable fibre for the 21 th century, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 12 (2), [46], 9.
  • Zhang Y, Ghasemzadeh S, Kotliar A.M, Kumar S, Presnell S and Williams LD, (1999), Fibers from soybean protein and Poly(vinyl alcohol), Journal of applied polymer science, 71: p. 11- 19.
  • Zhang X, Min B, and Kumar S, (2003), Solution spinning and characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/soybean Protein Blend Fibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Sience, 90 (3):p.716.
  • http://www.21food.com/products/soybean-cake-544427.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.11. 2012, Konu; 21food.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Survey Articles
Authors

Fatma Yıldırım This is me

Osman Avinç

Arzu Yavaş This is me

Publication Date December 21, 2014
Submission Date December 23, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldırım, F., Avinç, O., & Yavaş, A. (2014). Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.91482
AMA Yıldırım F, Avinç O, Yavaş A. Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri. UUJFE. December 2014;19(2):29-50. doi:10.17482/uujfe.91482
Chicago Yıldırım, Fatma, Osman Avinç, and Arzu Yavaş. “Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 19, no. 2 (December 2014): 29-50. https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.91482.
EndNote Yıldırım F, Avinç O, Yavaş A (December 1, 2014) Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 19 2 29–50.
IEEE F. Yıldırım, O. Avinç, and A. Yavaş, “Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri”, UUJFE, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 29–50, 2014, doi: 10.17482/uujfe.91482.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Fatma et al. “Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 19/2 (December 2014), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.91482.
JAMA Yıldırım F, Avinç O, Yavaş A. Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri. UUJFE. 2014;19:29–50.
MLA Yıldırım, Fatma et al. “Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 19, no. 2, 2014, pp. 29-50, doi:10.17482/uujfe.91482.
Vancouver Yıldırım F, Avinç O, Yavaş A. Soya Fasülyesi Protein Lifleri Bölüm 1: Soya Fasülyesi Protein Liflerinin Genel Yapısı, Üretimi Ve Çevresel Etkileri. UUJFE. 2014;19(2):29-50.

Cited By

Dyeing of soybean protein/flax blended yarns with reactive dyes and subsequent dye-fixation
Scientific Reports
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05581-5
https://doi.org/

Announcements:

30.03.2021-Beginning with our April 2021 (26/1) issue, in accordance with the new criteria of TR-Dizin, the Declaration of Conflict of Interest and the Declaration of Author Contribution forms fulfilled and signed by all authors are required as well as the Copyright form during the initial submission of the manuscript. Furthermore two new sections, i.e. ‘Conflict of Interest’ and ‘Author Contribution’, should be added to the manuscript. Links of those forms that should be submitted with the initial manuscript can be found in our 'Author Guidelines' and 'Submission Procedure' pages. The manuscript template is also updated. For articles reviewed and accepted for publication in our 2021 and ongoing issues and for articles currently under review process, those forms should also be fulfilled, signed and uploaded to the system by authors.