Research Article
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Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımı

Year 2018, Volume: 24 Issue: 6, 1043 - 1050, 18.12.2018

Abstract

Mühendislik
tasarımlarında, güvenlik koşullarını sağlayacak en düşük maliyete sahip
sonuçların elde edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ancak güvenlik koşullarını sağlayan
seçenekler içerisinde en düşük maliyetli çözüm, tasarımcının tecrübeli olması
durumunda dahi bulunamayabilir. Özellikle mekanik özellikleri ve birim
fiyatları birbirinden oldukça farklı iki malzemenin kullanıldığı betonarme
yapıların tasarımında bu amacın gerçekleşmesi daha zor olabilir. Bu çalışma
kapsamında statik ve dinamik yükler etkisindeki konsol tipi betonarme istinat
duvarlarının en uygun (optimum) tasarımın elde edilmesi amacıyla metasezgisel
algoritmalardan “Öğretme-öğrenme tabanlı optimizasyon” (ÖÖTO) algoritmasını
temel alan bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Optimizasyon sürecinde istinat duvarı
stabilitesi (devrilme, kayma ve zemin gerilmesi), kesit kapasiteleri (eğilme
momenti, kesme kuvveti) ve betonarme tasarım kurallarını içeren 29 kontrol
yapılmıştır. Optimizasyon işleminde 5’i duvar kesiti 12’si betonarme tasarımı
ile ilgili olmak üzere toplam 17 değişken kullanılmıştır. İstinat duvarlarının
boyutlandırmasında, TS 7994 (Zemin Dayanma Yapıları; Sınıflandırma, Özellikleri
ve Projelendirme Esasları) kuralları göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Betonarme
tasarımında ise yürürlükteki ilgili yönetmelikler olan TS 500 (Betonarme
Yapıların Tasarım ve Yapım Kuralları) ve DBYBHY (Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak
Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik) kuralları uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada önerilen yöntem
ile elde edilen sonuçlar mevcut yöntemler ile karşılaştırılmış ve yöntemin
konsol tipi betonarme istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımının bulunmasında
uygun olduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • Goldberg DE. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Boston, USA, Addion-Wesley, 1989.
  • Kennedy J, Eberhart R. "Particle swarm optimization". IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, WA, Australia, 27 November-1 December 1995.
  • Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt CD Jr, Vecchi MP. "Optimization by simulated annealing". Science, 220(4598), 671-80, 1983.
  • Dorigo M, Maniezzo V, Colorni A. "Ant system: Optimization by a colony of cooperation agents". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B: Cybernetics, 26(1), 29-41, 1996.
  • Erol OK, Eksin I. "A new optimization method: Big Bang Big Crunch". Advances in Engineering Software, 37(2), 106-111, 2006.
  • Geem ZW, Kim JH, Loganathan GV. "A new heuristic optimization algorithm: Harmony search". Simulation, 76(2), 60-68, 2001.
  • Yang XS. "Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimization". 5th international conference on Stochastic algorithms, Sapporo, Japan, 26-28 October 2009.
  • Yang XS. "A New Metaheuristic Bat-Inspired Algorithm". Editors: González JR, Pelta DA, Cruz C, Terrazas G, Krasnogor N, Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2010), 65-74, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
  • Yang XS. "Flower pollination algorithm for global optimization". 11th International Conference on Unconventional Computing and Natural Computation, Orléan, France, 3-7 September 2012.
  • Rao RV, Savsani VJ, Vakharia DP. "Teaching-learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems". Computer-Aided Design, 43(3), 303-315, 2011.
  • Yepes V, Alcala J, Perea C, Gonzalez-Vidosa F. "A parametric study of optimum earth-retaining walls by simulated annealing". Engineering Structures, 30(3), 821-830, 2008.
  • Ceranic B, Fryer C, Baines RW. "An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining structures". Computers & Structures, 79(17), 1569-1581, 2001.
  • Ahmadi-Nedushan B, Varaee H. "Optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using a swarm ıntelligence technique". The first International Conference on Soft Computing Technology in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Stirlingshire, Scotland, 1-4 September 2009.
  • Kayhan AH, Demir A. "Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının parçacık sürü optimizasyonu ile optimum tasarımı". Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(3), 129-135, 2016.
  • Kaveh A, Abadi ASM. "Harmony search based algorithms for the optimum cost design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls". International Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(1), 1-8, 2011.
  • Camp CV, Akin A. "Design of retaining walls using big bang-big crunch optimization". Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 138(3), 438-448, 2012.
  • Chau KW, Albermani F. "Knowledge-based system on optimum design of liquid retaining structures with genetic algorithms". Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 129(10), 1312-1321, 2003.
  • Sheikholeslami R, Gholipour Khalili B, Zahrai SM. "Optimum cost design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using hybrid firefly algorithm". International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(6), 465-470, 2014.
  • Temur R, Bekdaş G. "Teaching learning-based optimization for design of cantilever retaining walls". Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 57(4), 763-783, 2016.
  • Aydoğdu İ. "Comparison of metaheuristics on multi objective (Cost & C02) optimization of RC cantilever retaining walls". Pamukkale Universitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(3), 221-231, 2017.
  • Aydogdu I. "Cost optimization of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls under seismic loading using a biogeography-based optimization algorithm with Levy flights". Engineering Optimization, 49(3), 381-400, 2017.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Betonarme Yapıların Tasarım ve Yapım Kuralları”, Ankara, Türkiye, TS500, 2000.
  • Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı. “Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik”, Ankara, Türkiye, 2007.
  • Togan V. "Design of planar steel frames using Teaching-Learning Based Optimization". Engineering Structures, 34(225-232, 2012.
  • Degertekin SO, Hayalioglu MS. "Sizing truss structures using teaching-learning-based optimization". Computers & Structures, 119, 177-188, 2013.
  • Dede T, Togan V. "A teaching learning based optimization for truss structures with frequency constraints". Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 53(4), 833-845, 2015.
  • Dede T. "Optimum design of grillage structures to LRFD-AISC with teaching-learning based optimization". Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 48(5), 955-964, 2013.
  • Sarıbaş A, Erbatur F. "Optimization and Sensitivity of Retaining Structures". Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 122(8), 649-656, 1996.

Optimum design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls

Year 2018, Volume: 24 Issue: 6, 1043 - 1050, 18.12.2018

Abstract

The
aim of engineering designs is to obtain results with minimum cost that will
provide safety conditions. But the most economical design ensuring security
conditions may not be found within the options, even the designer is
experienced. Especially in the design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures
that consist from two materials with very different mechanical properties and
unit costs, it may be more difficult to achieve this purpose. In this study, a
methodology based on teaching‑learning‑based optimization (TLBO) was proposed
for optimum design of RC cantilever retaining wall under the static and dynamic
loads. During the optimization process, 29 design constraints including
retaining wall stabilities (overturning, sliding and soil stress), section
capacities (flexure and shear) and RC design rules are checked. In the
optimization problem, totally 17 design variables (5 of them related to
cross-section dimension and 12 of them related to RC design) are used. In the
sizing of retaining wall, the rules of the TS 7994

(Soil Retaining Structures; Properties and Guidelines for Design) are
considered. In the RC design, the requirements of the relevant regulations; TS
500 (Requirements for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete
Structures) and DBYBHY (Specification for Buildings to be Built in Seismic
Zones) are considered. The results obtained by the proposed method were
compared with the existing methods and the method seems as suitable for the
optimum design of the cantilever type RC retaining walls.

References

  • Goldberg DE. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Boston, USA, Addion-Wesley, 1989.
  • Kennedy J, Eberhart R. "Particle swarm optimization". IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, WA, Australia, 27 November-1 December 1995.
  • Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt CD Jr, Vecchi MP. "Optimization by simulated annealing". Science, 220(4598), 671-80, 1983.
  • Dorigo M, Maniezzo V, Colorni A. "Ant system: Optimization by a colony of cooperation agents". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B: Cybernetics, 26(1), 29-41, 1996.
  • Erol OK, Eksin I. "A new optimization method: Big Bang Big Crunch". Advances in Engineering Software, 37(2), 106-111, 2006.
  • Geem ZW, Kim JH, Loganathan GV. "A new heuristic optimization algorithm: Harmony search". Simulation, 76(2), 60-68, 2001.
  • Yang XS. "Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimization". 5th international conference on Stochastic algorithms, Sapporo, Japan, 26-28 October 2009.
  • Yang XS. "A New Metaheuristic Bat-Inspired Algorithm". Editors: González JR, Pelta DA, Cruz C, Terrazas G, Krasnogor N, Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2010), 65-74, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
  • Yang XS. "Flower pollination algorithm for global optimization". 11th International Conference on Unconventional Computing and Natural Computation, Orléan, France, 3-7 September 2012.
  • Rao RV, Savsani VJ, Vakharia DP. "Teaching-learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems". Computer-Aided Design, 43(3), 303-315, 2011.
  • Yepes V, Alcala J, Perea C, Gonzalez-Vidosa F. "A parametric study of optimum earth-retaining walls by simulated annealing". Engineering Structures, 30(3), 821-830, 2008.
  • Ceranic B, Fryer C, Baines RW. "An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining structures". Computers & Structures, 79(17), 1569-1581, 2001.
  • Ahmadi-Nedushan B, Varaee H. "Optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using a swarm ıntelligence technique". The first International Conference on Soft Computing Technology in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Stirlingshire, Scotland, 1-4 September 2009.
  • Kayhan AH, Demir A. "Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının parçacık sürü optimizasyonu ile optimum tasarımı". Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(3), 129-135, 2016.
  • Kaveh A, Abadi ASM. "Harmony search based algorithms for the optimum cost design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls". International Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(1), 1-8, 2011.
  • Camp CV, Akin A. "Design of retaining walls using big bang-big crunch optimization". Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 138(3), 438-448, 2012.
  • Chau KW, Albermani F. "Knowledge-based system on optimum design of liquid retaining structures with genetic algorithms". Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 129(10), 1312-1321, 2003.
  • Sheikholeslami R, Gholipour Khalili B, Zahrai SM. "Optimum cost design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using hybrid firefly algorithm". International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(6), 465-470, 2014.
  • Temur R, Bekdaş G. "Teaching learning-based optimization for design of cantilever retaining walls". Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 57(4), 763-783, 2016.
  • Aydoğdu İ. "Comparison of metaheuristics on multi objective (Cost & C02) optimization of RC cantilever retaining walls". Pamukkale Universitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(3), 221-231, 2017.
  • Aydogdu I. "Cost optimization of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls under seismic loading using a biogeography-based optimization algorithm with Levy flights". Engineering Optimization, 49(3), 381-400, 2017.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Betonarme Yapıların Tasarım ve Yapım Kuralları”, Ankara, Türkiye, TS500, 2000.
  • Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı. “Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik”, Ankara, Türkiye, 2007.
  • Togan V. "Design of planar steel frames using Teaching-Learning Based Optimization". Engineering Structures, 34(225-232, 2012.
  • Degertekin SO, Hayalioglu MS. "Sizing truss structures using teaching-learning-based optimization". Computers & Structures, 119, 177-188, 2013.
  • Dede T, Togan V. "A teaching learning based optimization for truss structures with frequency constraints". Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 53(4), 833-845, 2015.
  • Dede T. "Optimum design of grillage structures to LRFD-AISC with teaching-learning based optimization". Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 48(5), 955-964, 2013.
  • Sarıbaş A, Erbatur F. "Optimization and Sensitivity of Retaining Structures". Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 122(8), 649-656, 1996.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Rasim Temür 0000-0001-7154-2286

Gebrail Bekdaş 0000-0002-7327-9810

Publication Date December 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 24 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Temür, R., & Bekdaş, G. (2018). Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(6), 1043-1050.
AMA Temür R, Bekdaş G. Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. December 2018;24(6):1043-1050.
Chicago Temür, Rasim, and Gebrail Bekdaş. “Betonarme Konsol Istinat duvarlarının Optimum tasarımı”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24, no. 6 (December 2018): 1043-50.
EndNote Temür R, Bekdaş G (December 1, 2018) Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24 6 1043–1050.
IEEE R. Temür and G. Bekdaş, “Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımı”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1043–1050, 2018.
ISNAD Temür, Rasim - Bekdaş, Gebrail. “Betonarme Konsol Istinat duvarlarının Optimum tasarımı”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24/6 (December 2018), 1043-1050.
JAMA Temür R, Bekdaş G. Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;24:1043–1050.
MLA Temür, Rasim and Gebrail Bekdaş. “Betonarme Konsol Istinat duvarlarının Optimum tasarımı”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 6, 2018, pp. 1043-50.
Vancouver Temür R, Bekdaş G. Betonarme konsol istinat duvarlarının optimum tasarımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;24(6):1043-50.

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