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BÖLGESEL DÜZEYDE TEKNOLOJİNİN İSTİHDAM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 54, 412 - 430, 30.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.771657

Abstract

Dünya genelinde teknoloji hızla gelişmektedir. Teknolojinin istihdam yaratıp yaratmadığıysa literatürde sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Bu konuyla ilgili iki farklı görüş vardır. İlki, teknolojinin yeni iş alanları yarattığını iddia eden emek yanlı görüştür. İkinci görüş ise, teknolojinin emek yerine sermayeyi ikame ettiğini ileri süren emek tasarufu görüşüdür. Bu çalışma, Türkiye için bölgesel düzeyde teknolojinin istihdam üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Veri seti, Düzey 1 kapsamındaki 12 bölge için 2010-2017 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Dinamik sistem GMM tahmin yönteminden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kadın çalışanların istihdamı aksine, araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları ile genel istihdam, erkek istihdamı ve yüksek öğrenim mezunlu istihdam arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu ilişki ters-U şeklinde olup, yüksek öğrenim mezunlu istihdamda daha belirgindir.

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THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON EMPLOYMENT AT REGIONAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 54, 412 - 430, 30.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.771657

Abstract

Technology has rapidly improved across the world. It has frequently been discussed whether technology creates employment in the literature. There are two different views on this issue. The first is the labor-friendly view that alleges technological innovation creates new job-area. The second is the labor-saving view that asserts technology substitutes capital to labor. This paper analyzes the impact of technology on employment at regional level for Turkey. The dataset covers over the period 2010-2017 for 12 regions at NUTS-I level. According to the results of the system GMM estimation, there is a remarkable nexus between R&D expenditure and overall, man employment, employment of higher education graduates, unlike woman employment. However, the nexus is the inversed U-shape and is clearer in employment of higher education graduates.

References

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  • Acs, Z.J., FitzRoy, F.R., & Smith, I. (2002). High-technology employment and R&D in cities: heterogeneity vs specialization. The Annals of Regional Science, 36(3), 373-386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001.680.200096.
  • Afcha, S., & García-Quevedo, J. (2016). The impact of R&D subsidies on R&D employment composition. Industrial and Corporate Change, 25(6), 955-975. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtw008.
  • Agovino, M., Aldieri, L., Garofalo, A., & Vinci, C.P. (2018). R&D spillovers and employment: Evidence from European patent data. Empirica, 45(2), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663.016.9359-x.
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  • Bogliacino, F., & Vivarelli, M. (2012). The job creation effect of R&D expenditures. Australian Economic Papers, 51(2), 96-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2012.00425.x.
  • Bogliacino, F., Piva, M., & Vivarelli, M. (2012). R&D and employment: An application of the LSDVC estimator using European microdata. Economics Letters, 116(1), 56-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. econlet.2012.01.010.
  • Bogliacino, F., Piva, M., & Vivarelli, M. (2014). Technology and employment: The job creation effect of business R&D. Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali, 122(3), 239-264.
  • Bond, S. R. (2002). Dynamic panel data models: a guide to micro data methods and practice. Portuguese economic journal, 1(2), 141-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258.002.0009-9.
  • Casacuberta, C., Fachola, G., & Gandelman, N. (2004). The impact of trade liberalization on employment, capital, and productivity dynamics: evidence from the Uruguayan manufacturing sector. The Journal of Policy Reform, 7(4), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/138.412.8042000285200.
  • Cirera, X., & Sabetti, L. (2016). The effects of innovation on employment in developing countries: Evidence from enterprise surveys. Policy Research Working Paper No. 7775, The World Bank. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-7775.
  • Çetin, M., & Işık, H. (2014). Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği ekonomilerinde yenilikler ve Ar-Ge’nin teşviki: Karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme. Maliye Dergisi, 166(1), 75-94.
  • Coad, A., & Rao, R. (2007). The employment effects of innovations in high-tech industries. Papers on economics and evolution, No. 0705, Max-Planck-Inst. für Ökonomik, Jena. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/31811.
  • Conte, A., & Vivarelli, M. (2011). Imported skill‐biased technological change in developing countries. The Developing Economies, 49(1), 36-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2010.00121.x.
  • Crespi, G., Tacsir, E., & Pereira, M. (2019). Effects of innovation on employment in Latin America. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(1), 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dty062.
  • Demir, A.Z., & Alpaslan, F. (2016). Ar-ge ve yeniliğin finansal performans ve istihdam üzerine etkileri. Journal of International Social Research, 9(47), 777-785.
  • Ebrahim, Z. & Darius, R. (2017). Boosting employment through innovation. The Commonwealth Discussion Note FMM 17(3), https://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/inline/FMM%2817%293%20-%20CFMM_Boosting%20employment%20through%20innovation.pdf
  • Edwards, L. (2004). A firm level analysis of trade, technology and employment in South Africa. Journal of International Development, 16(1), 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1062.
  • Erdil, E., & Ertekin, Ş. (2017). Industry 4.0 and Turkish national innovation system: Challenges and prospects. Industry 4.0, 2(4), 193-196.
  • Feldmann, H. (2013). Technological unemployment in industrial countries. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 23(5), 1099-1126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191.013.0308-6.
  • Jenkins, R. (2008). Trade, technology and employment in South Africa. The Journal of Development Studies, 44(1), 60-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/002.203.80701722308.
  • Karabulut, K., & Shahinpour, A. (2017). Bilişim ve iletişim teknolojilerinin işsizlik üzerindeki etkisi: İran ekonomisi üzerine bir uygulama. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(16),243-257.
  • Kılıçaslan, Y., & Töngür, Ü. (2019). ICT and employment generation: evidence from Turkish manufacturing. Applied Economics Letters, 26(13), 1053-1057. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504.851.2018.1529391.
  • Lachenmaier, S., & Rottmann, H. (2011). Effects of innovation on employment: A dynamic panel analysis. International journal of industrial organization, 29(2), 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2010.05.004.
  • Lehmann, J. P. (2011). Turkey’s 2023 economic goal in global perspective. Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies-Edam, Tartışma Kağıtları Serisi, Haziran. http://edam.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Lehmann-June-2011.pdf.
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There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makale Başvuru
Authors

Orkun Çelik 0000-0002-8594-6852

Publication Date July 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 15 Issue: 54

Cite

APA Çelik, O. (2020). THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON EMPLOYMENT AT REGIONAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF TURKEY. Öneri Dergisi, 15(54), 412-430. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.771657

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