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Year 2017, Volume: 51 Issue: 1, 15 - 21, 02.01.2017

Abstract

References

  • Kornman KS, Page RC, Tonetti MS. The host response to the microbial challenge in periodontitis: Assembling the players. Periodontol 2000 1997;14:33-53.
  • Loe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965;36:177-187.
  • Albandar JM, Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the united states, 1988-1994. J Periodontol 1999;70(1):30-43.
  • Tomar SL, Asma S. Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the united states: Findings from nhanes iii. National health and nutrition examination survey. J Periodontol 2000;71(5):743-751.
  • Heasman PA, Collins JG, Offenbacher S. Changes in crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1 beta, leukotriene b4, prostaglandin e2, thromboxane b2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in experimental gingivitis in humans. J Periodontal Res 1993;28(4):241-247.
  • Lamster IB, Holmes LG, Gross KB, Oshrain RL, Cohen DW, Rose LF, Peters LM, Pope MR. The relationship of beta-glucuronidase activity in crevicular fluid to clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Findings from a multicenter study. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21(2):118-127.
  • Offenbacher S, Barros S, Mendoza L, Mauriello S, Preisser J, Moss K, de Jager M, Aspiras M. Changes in gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory mediator levels during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis in humans. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37(4):324-333.
  • Gemmell E, Yamazaki K, Seymour GJ. Destructive periodontitis lesions are determined by the nature of the lymphocytic response. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002;13(1):17-34.
  • Leishman SJ, Seymour GJ, Ford PJ. Local and systemic inflammatory responses to experimentally induced gingivitis. Dis Markers 2013;35(5):543-549.
  • Offenbacher S. Periodontal diseases: Pathogenesis. Ann Periodontol 1996;1(1):821-878.
  • Schatzle M, Faddy MJ, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ, Lang NP, Burgin W, Anerud A, Boysen H, Loe H. The clinical course of chronic periodontitis: V. Predictive factors in periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36(5):365-371.
  • Agace WW, Hedges SR, Ceska M, Svanborg C. Interleukin-8 and the neutrophil response to mucosal gram-negative infection. J Clin Invest 1993;92(2):780-785.
  • Baggiolini M, Walz A, Kunkel SL. Neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils. J Clin Invest 1989;84(4):1045-1049.
  • Dale BA, Fredericks LP. Antimicrobial peptides in the oral environment: Expression and function in health and disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2005;7(2):119-133.
  • Dale BA, Kimball JR, Krisanaprakornkit S, Roberts F, Robinovitch M, O'Neal R, Valore EV, Ganz T, Anderson GM, Weinberg A. Localized antimicrobial peptide expression in human gingiva. J Periodontal Res 2001;36(5):285-294.
  • Turkoglu O, Kandiloglu G, Berdeli A, Emingil G, Atilla G. Antimicrobial peptide hcap-18/ll-37 protein and mrna expressions in different periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 2011;17(1):60-67.
  • Bals R, Wilson JM. Cathelicidins--a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2003;60(4):711-720.
  • Sorensen OE, Follin P, Johnsen AH, Calafat J, Tjabringa GS, Hiemstra PS, Borregaard N. Human cathelicidin, hcap-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide ll-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3. Blood 2001;97(12):3951-3959.
  • Hoffmann MH, Bruns H, Backdahl L, Neregard P, Niederreiter B, Herrmann M, Catrina AI, Agerberth B, Holmdahl R. The cathelicidins ll-37 and rcramp are associated with pathogenic events of arthritis in humans and rats. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72(7):1239-1248.
  • Hwang YJ, Jung HJ, Kim MJ, Roh NK, Jung JW, Lee YW, Choe YB, Ahn KJ. Serum levels of ll-37 and inflammatory cytokines in plaque and guttate psoriasis. Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:268257.
  • Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ. Little peptide, big effects: The role of ll-37 in inflammation and autoimmune disease. J Immunol 2013;191(10):4895-4901.
  • Eick S, Puklo M, Adamowicz K, Kantyka T, Hiemstra P, Stennicke H, Guentsch A, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Potempa J. Lack of cathelicidin processing in papillon-lefevre syndrome patients reveals essential role of ll-37 in periodontal homeostasis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014;9:148.
  • Fransson C, Mooney J, Kinane DF, Berglundh T. Differences in the inflammatory response in young and old human subjects during the course of experimental gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1999;26(7):453-460.
  • Tsalikis L. The effect of age on the gingival crevicular fluid composition during experimental gingivitis. A pilot study. Open Dent J 2010;4:13-26.
  • Davidopoulou S, Diza E, Menexes G, Kalfas S. Salivary concentration of the antimicrobial peptide ll-37 in children. Arch Oral Biol 2012;57(7):865-869.
  • Castaneda-Delgado JE, Miranda-Castro NY, Gonzalez-Amaro R, Gonzalez-Curiel I, Montoya-Rosales A, Rivas-Calderon B, Rivas-Santiago B. Production of antimicrobial peptides is preserved in aging. Clin Immunol 2013;148(2):198-205.
  • Honda T, Domon H, Okui T, Kajita K, Amanuma R, Yamazaki K. Balance of inflammatory response in stable gingivitis and progressive periodontitis lesions. Clin Exp Immunol 2006;144(1):35-40.
  • Quigley GA, Hein JW. Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing. J Am Dent Assoc 1962;65:26-29.
  • Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J 1975;25(4):229-235.
  • Saxer UP, Muhlemann HR. [motivation and education]. SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd 1975;85(9):905-919.
  • Lamster IB, Hartley LJ, Oshrain RL, Gordon JM. Evaluation and modification of spectrophotometric procedures for analysis of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase in human gingival crevicular fluid collected with filter-paper strips. Arch Oral Biol 1985;30(3):235-242.
  • Hosokawa I, Hosokawa Y, Komatsuzawa H, Goncalves RB, Karimbux N, Napimoga MH, Seki M, Ouhara K, Sugai M, Taubman MA, Kawai T. Innate immune peptide ll-37 displays distinct expression pattern from beta-defensins in inflamed gingival tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 2006;146(2):218-225.

LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS

Year 2017, Volume: 51 Issue: 1, 15 - 21, 02.01.2017

Abstract

Purpose: LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide which plays an important role in the innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the LL-37 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of middle-aged and young adults who have either gingivitis or healthy periodontal tissues.

Materials and Methods: Forty middle-aged adults (20 healthy controls and 20 with gingivitis) and 41 younger adults (20 healthy controls and 21 with gingivitis) were included in the present study. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were recorded. LL-37 levels in the GCF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: No significant differences were observed in the GCF LL-37 levels between young healthy and middle-aged healthy subjects. Also, there were no significant differences in GCF LL-37 levels between young and middle-aged gingivitis subjects. However, gingivitis groups had significantly higher GCF LL-37 levels than healthy groups (p<0.001). Correlation analysis demonstrated no significant correlation between age and GCF LL-37 levels neither in healthy nor in gingivitis groups.

Conclusion: The levels of LL-37 in GCF increase in the presence of gingival inflammation, however, this does not vary according to subjects being young or middle-aged.

References

  • Kornman KS, Page RC, Tonetti MS. The host response to the microbial challenge in periodontitis: Assembling the players. Periodontol 2000 1997;14:33-53.
  • Loe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965;36:177-187.
  • Albandar JM, Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the united states, 1988-1994. J Periodontol 1999;70(1):30-43.
  • Tomar SL, Asma S. Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the united states: Findings from nhanes iii. National health and nutrition examination survey. J Periodontol 2000;71(5):743-751.
  • Heasman PA, Collins JG, Offenbacher S. Changes in crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1 beta, leukotriene b4, prostaglandin e2, thromboxane b2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in experimental gingivitis in humans. J Periodontal Res 1993;28(4):241-247.
  • Lamster IB, Holmes LG, Gross KB, Oshrain RL, Cohen DW, Rose LF, Peters LM, Pope MR. The relationship of beta-glucuronidase activity in crevicular fluid to clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Findings from a multicenter study. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21(2):118-127.
  • Offenbacher S, Barros S, Mendoza L, Mauriello S, Preisser J, Moss K, de Jager M, Aspiras M. Changes in gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory mediator levels during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis in humans. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37(4):324-333.
  • Gemmell E, Yamazaki K, Seymour GJ. Destructive periodontitis lesions are determined by the nature of the lymphocytic response. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002;13(1):17-34.
  • Leishman SJ, Seymour GJ, Ford PJ. Local and systemic inflammatory responses to experimentally induced gingivitis. Dis Markers 2013;35(5):543-549.
  • Offenbacher S. Periodontal diseases: Pathogenesis. Ann Periodontol 1996;1(1):821-878.
  • Schatzle M, Faddy MJ, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ, Lang NP, Burgin W, Anerud A, Boysen H, Loe H. The clinical course of chronic periodontitis: V. Predictive factors in periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36(5):365-371.
  • Agace WW, Hedges SR, Ceska M, Svanborg C. Interleukin-8 and the neutrophil response to mucosal gram-negative infection. J Clin Invest 1993;92(2):780-785.
  • Baggiolini M, Walz A, Kunkel SL. Neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils. J Clin Invest 1989;84(4):1045-1049.
  • Dale BA, Fredericks LP. Antimicrobial peptides in the oral environment: Expression and function in health and disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2005;7(2):119-133.
  • Dale BA, Kimball JR, Krisanaprakornkit S, Roberts F, Robinovitch M, O'Neal R, Valore EV, Ganz T, Anderson GM, Weinberg A. Localized antimicrobial peptide expression in human gingiva. J Periodontal Res 2001;36(5):285-294.
  • Turkoglu O, Kandiloglu G, Berdeli A, Emingil G, Atilla G. Antimicrobial peptide hcap-18/ll-37 protein and mrna expressions in different periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 2011;17(1):60-67.
  • Bals R, Wilson JM. Cathelicidins--a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2003;60(4):711-720.
  • Sorensen OE, Follin P, Johnsen AH, Calafat J, Tjabringa GS, Hiemstra PS, Borregaard N. Human cathelicidin, hcap-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide ll-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3. Blood 2001;97(12):3951-3959.
  • Hoffmann MH, Bruns H, Backdahl L, Neregard P, Niederreiter B, Herrmann M, Catrina AI, Agerberth B, Holmdahl R. The cathelicidins ll-37 and rcramp are associated with pathogenic events of arthritis in humans and rats. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72(7):1239-1248.
  • Hwang YJ, Jung HJ, Kim MJ, Roh NK, Jung JW, Lee YW, Choe YB, Ahn KJ. Serum levels of ll-37 and inflammatory cytokines in plaque and guttate psoriasis. Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:268257.
  • Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ. Little peptide, big effects: The role of ll-37 in inflammation and autoimmune disease. J Immunol 2013;191(10):4895-4901.
  • Eick S, Puklo M, Adamowicz K, Kantyka T, Hiemstra P, Stennicke H, Guentsch A, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Potempa J. Lack of cathelicidin processing in papillon-lefevre syndrome patients reveals essential role of ll-37 in periodontal homeostasis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014;9:148.
  • Fransson C, Mooney J, Kinane DF, Berglundh T. Differences in the inflammatory response in young and old human subjects during the course of experimental gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1999;26(7):453-460.
  • Tsalikis L. The effect of age on the gingival crevicular fluid composition during experimental gingivitis. A pilot study. Open Dent J 2010;4:13-26.
  • Davidopoulou S, Diza E, Menexes G, Kalfas S. Salivary concentration of the antimicrobial peptide ll-37 in children. Arch Oral Biol 2012;57(7):865-869.
  • Castaneda-Delgado JE, Miranda-Castro NY, Gonzalez-Amaro R, Gonzalez-Curiel I, Montoya-Rosales A, Rivas-Calderon B, Rivas-Santiago B. Production of antimicrobial peptides is preserved in aging. Clin Immunol 2013;148(2):198-205.
  • Honda T, Domon H, Okui T, Kajita K, Amanuma R, Yamazaki K. Balance of inflammatory response in stable gingivitis and progressive periodontitis lesions. Clin Exp Immunol 2006;144(1):35-40.
  • Quigley GA, Hein JW. Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing. J Am Dent Assoc 1962;65:26-29.
  • Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J 1975;25(4):229-235.
  • Saxer UP, Muhlemann HR. [motivation and education]. SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd 1975;85(9):905-919.
  • Lamster IB, Hartley LJ, Oshrain RL, Gordon JM. Evaluation and modification of spectrophotometric procedures for analysis of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase in human gingival crevicular fluid collected with filter-paper strips. Arch Oral Biol 1985;30(3):235-242.
  • Hosokawa I, Hosokawa Y, Komatsuzawa H, Goncalves RB, Karimbux N, Napimoga MH, Seki M, Ouhara K, Sugai M, Taubman MA, Kawai T. Innate immune peptide ll-37 displays distinct expression pattern from beta-defensins in inflamed gingival tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 2006;146(2):218-225.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Oya Türkoğlu

Gülnur Emingil

Gülnihal Eren

Harika Atmaca

Necil Kütükçüler This is me

Gül Atilla

Publication Date January 2, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 51 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Türkoğlu, O., Emingil, G., Eren, G., Atmaca, H., et al. (2017). LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 51(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.42354
AMA Türkoğlu O, Emingil G, Eren G, Atmaca H, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G. LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. January 2017;51(1):15-21. doi:10.17096/jiufd.42354
Chicago Türkoğlu, Oya, Gülnur Emingil, Gülnihal Eren, Harika Atmaca, Necil Kütükçüler, and Gül Atilla. “LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 51, no. 1 (January 2017): 15-21. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.42354.
EndNote Türkoğlu O, Emingil G, Eren G, Atmaca H, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G (January 1, 2017) LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 51 1 15–21.
IEEE O. Türkoğlu, G. Emingil, G. Eren, H. Atmaca, N. Kütükçüler, and G. Atilla, “LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS”, J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 15–21, 2017, doi: 10.17096/jiufd.42354.
ISNAD Türkoğlu, Oya et al. “LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 51/1 (January 2017), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.42354.
JAMA Türkoğlu O, Emingil G, Eren G, Atmaca H, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G. LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2017;51:15–21.
MLA Türkoğlu, Oya et al. “LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, vol. 51, no. 1, 2017, pp. 15-21, doi:10.17096/jiufd.42354.
Vancouver Türkoğlu O, Emingil G, Eren G, Atmaca H, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G. LEVELS OF LL-37 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT GINGIVITIS. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2017;51(1):15-21.