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Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal Efficacy of Essential Oils of Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) Plant

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 906 - 913, 01.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1212495

Abstract

Medicinal aromatic plants have been used for thousands of years as the main source of medicines and the basis of systematic traditional medicines. Achillea sp., which is in the Asteraceae family, is one of the most widely used medicinal and aromatic plants for the treatment of various diseases. The most well-known plant of the Achillea species is A. millefolium. A. millefolium is used to treat a variety of skin conditions and digestive disorders. In addition to its medicinal uses, it is also used in the field of cosmetics and veterinary medicine. Monoterpene 1,8-cineol is a well-known terpenoid oxide and is also a component of other essential oils with a relevant relevance for clinical effects. Many biological activities are known, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenger, mucolytic/secretolytic, bronchodilator, antiviral and antimicrobial effects. This study was carried out to evaluate the essential oil composition of the Achillea millefolium (yarrow) plant grown in Sivas. In the study, the essential oil content of the plant was determined and it was determined that the 1,8-cineol (19.33%) compound was higher than the other essential oils found in the Achillea millefolium plant. In the studies, Gas Chromatography (GC-MS) was used for plant essential oil analysis. In the plant, 15 essential oil components were determined and presented in detail in our article. In addition, the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the essential oil of the plant were determined. Inhibition diameters of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium species were found to be 0.891, 0.763, and 0.529 mm, respectively. Similarly, the inhibition rate of essential oil against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, and Penicillium digitatum was found to be 34.91%, 21.47%, and 23.08%, respectively.

References

  • Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, A., Ezzatpanah, H., Asgary, S., Dokhani, S., & Rahimi, E. (2017). Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Flowers and Leaves of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20(2), 395-409.
  • Aminkhani, A., Sharifi, S., & Ekhtiyari, S. (2020). Achillea filipendulina Lam.: Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of stem, leaf, and flower. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 17(5), e2000133.
  • Asif, M., Saleem, M., Saadullah, M., Yaseen, H. S., & Al Zarzour, R. (2020). COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Inflammopharmacology, 28, 1153-1161.
  • Bajaj, Y. P. S. (1995). Cryopreservation of germplasm of medicinal and aromatic plants. Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I, 419-434.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye'de bitkiler ile tedavi: geçmişte ve bugün. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Davis, P., & Miller, R. (1988). Flora of Turkey, Volume 10 (Vol. 1). Edinburgh University Press.
  • de Lima Gondim, F., dos Santos, G. R., do Nascimento, I. F. M. G., Serra, D. S., & Cavalcante, F. S. A. (2018). Beneficial effects of eucalyptol in the pathophysiological changes of the respiratory system: a proposal for alternative pharmacological therapy for individuals with COPD. Eur J Med Plants, 25(1), 1-10.
  • Dhakad, A. K., Pandey, V. V., Beg, S., Rawat, J. M., & Singh, A. (2018). Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(3), 833-848.
  • El-Kalamouni, C., Venskutonis, P. R., Zebib, B., Merah, O., Raynaud, C., & Talou, T. (2017). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. grown in France. Medicines, 4(2), 30.
  • Evans, W. C. (2009). Trease and Evans' pharmacognosy. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Faustino, T. T., Almeida, R. B. D., & Andreatini, R. (2010). Medicinal plants for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a review of controlled clinical studies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 429-436.
  • Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Denkova, Z., Stoyanova, A., Murgov, I., Schmidt, E., & Geissler, M. (2005). Antimicrobial testinas and gas chromatoaraphic analvsis of pure oxvaenated monoterpenes 1.8-cineole, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol and camphor as well as target comoounds in essential oils of pine (Pinus pinaster), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). Scientia pharmaceutica, 73(1), 27-39.
  • Jnanesha, A. C., Ashish, K., & Vanitha, T. K. (2019). Variation in the yield and chemical composition of eucalyptus species (Nilagiri) under different agro climatic condition of India. Int J Herbal Med, 7(1), 04-7.
  • Juergens LJ, Worth H, Juergens UR, 2020. New perspectives for mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and adjunctive therapy with 1, 8-cineole in COPD and asthma: review on the new therapeutic approach. Advances in therapy, 37(5), 1737-1753.
  • Kordali, S., Kotan, R., Mavi, A., Cakir, A., Ala, A., & Yildirim, A. (2005). Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, A. dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera essential oils. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(24), 9452-9458.
  • Kottearachchi, N. S., Sammani, A., Kelaniyangoda, D. B., & Samarasekara, R. (2012). Anti-fungal activity of essential oils of Ceylon Eucalyptus species for the control of Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45(17), 2026-2035.
  • Kumar, A., Shukla, R., Singh, P., Prasad, C. S., & Dubey, N. K. (2008). Assessment of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil as a safe botanical preservative against post harvest fungal infestation of food commodities. Innovative food science & emerging technologies, 9(4), 575-580.
  • Mssillou, I., Agour, A., El Ghouizi, A., Hamamouch, N., Lyoussi, B., & Derwich, E. (2020). Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antifungal effects of essential oil from Laurus nobilis L. flowers growing in Morocco. Journal of Food Quality, 2020, 1-8.
  • Nadim, M. M., Malik, A. A., Ahmad, J., & Bakshi, S. K. (2011). The essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. cultivated under tropical condition in India. World J Agric Sci, 7(5), 561-565.
  • Nostro, A., Germano, M. P., D’angelo, V., Marino, A., & Cannatelli, M. A. (2000). Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Letters in applied microbiology, 30(5), 379-384.
  • Orav, A., Arak, E., & Raal, A. (2006). Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. from various European Countries. Natural product research, 20(12), 1082-1088.
  • Ouassil, M., Mohamed Abdoul-Latif, F., Attahar, W., Ainane, A., & Ainane, T. (2021). Chemical composition of bay laurel and rosemary essential oils from morocco and their antifungal activity against fusarium strains. Pharmacologyonline, 2, 426-433.
  • Pandith, J. I. (2012). Phytochemical screening of certain plant species of Agra city. Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics, 2(4).
  • Parham, S., Kharazi, A. Z., Bakhsheshi-Rad, H. R., Nur, H., Ismail, A. F., Sharif, S., ... & Berto, F. (2020). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials. Antioxidants, 9(12), 1309.
  • Rohloff, J., Skagen, E. B., Steen, A. H., & Iversen, T. H. (2000). Production of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in Norway: essential oil content and quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(12), 6205-6209.
  • Sharopov, F., Braun, M. S., Gulmurodov, I., Khalifaev, D., Isupov, S., & Wink, M. (2015). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils of selected aromatic plants from Tajikistan. Foods, 4(4), 645-653.
  • Sırıken, B., Yavuz, C., & Güler, A. (2018). Antibacterial Activity of Laurus nobilis: A review of literature. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(11), 374-379.
  • Stevanovic, Z. D., Pljevljakušic, D., Ristic, M., Šoštaric, I., Kresovic, M., Simic, I., & Vrbnièanin, S. (2015). Essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium agg. populations collected from saline habitats in Serbia. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(6), 1343-1352.
  • Ünlü, M., Daferera, D., Dönmez, E., Polissiou, M., Tepe, B., & Sökmen, A. (2002). Compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achillea setacea and Achillea teretifolia (Compositae). journal of ethnopharmacology, 83(1-2), 117-121.
  • Wani, A. R., Yadav, K., Khursheed, A., & Rather, M. A. (2021). An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses. Microbial Pathogenesis, 152, 104620.

Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 906 - 913, 01.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1212495

Abstract

Tıbbi aromatik bitkiler binlerce yıldır ilaçların ana kaynağı ve sistematik geleneksel ilaçların temeli olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tıbbi aromatik bitkiler arasında çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde en yaygın kullanılan bitkilerden birisi Asteraceae familyasında bulunan Achillea sp. türleridir. Achillea türlerinin en bilinen bitkisi A. millefolium’dur. A. millefolium çeşitli cilt rahatsızlıklarını ve sindirim bozukluklarını tedavi etmek için kullanılır. Tıbbi kullanımlarına ilaveten kozmetik ve veterinerlik alanında da kullanılmaktadır. Monoterpen 1,8-sineol iyi bilinen bir terpenoit oksittir ve ayrıca klinik etki için ilgili bir anlamı olan diğer uçucu yağların bileşenidir. Anti-inflamatuar, antioksidan, serbest radikal süpürücü, mukolitik/sekretolitik, bronkodilatör, antiviral ve antimikrobiyal etkileri de dâhil olmak üzere birçok biyolojik aktivitesi bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, Sivas’ta yetişen Achillea millefolium (civanperçemi) bitkisinin uçucu yağ bileşimi miktarını değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada bitkinin uçucu yağ içeriği tespit edilmiş ve 1,8-sineol (%19.33) bileşiğinin Achillea millefolium bitkisinde bulunan diğer uçucu yağlardan yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalarda, bitki uçucu yağı analizi için Gaz Kromatografisi (GC-MS) kullanılmıştır. Bitkide, baskın olarak 15 adet uçucu yağ bileşeni belirlenmiştir ve yazımızda detaylı olarak sunulmuştur. Ayrıca, bitki uçucu yağının antimikrobiyal ve antifungal özelliği belirlenmiştir. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium türlerinin inhibisyon çapları sırası ile 0.891, 0.763 ve 0.529 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani ve Penicillium digitatum karşı uçucu yağın engelleme oranı sırasıyla %34.91, %21.47 ve %23.08 olarak bulunmuştur.

References

  • Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, A., Ezzatpanah, H., Asgary, S., Dokhani, S., & Rahimi, E. (2017). Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Flowers and Leaves of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20(2), 395-409.
  • Aminkhani, A., Sharifi, S., & Ekhtiyari, S. (2020). Achillea filipendulina Lam.: Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of stem, leaf, and flower. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 17(5), e2000133.
  • Asif, M., Saleem, M., Saadullah, M., Yaseen, H. S., & Al Zarzour, R. (2020). COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Inflammopharmacology, 28, 1153-1161.
  • Bajaj, Y. P. S. (1995). Cryopreservation of germplasm of medicinal and aromatic plants. Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I, 419-434.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye'de bitkiler ile tedavi: geçmişte ve bugün. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Davis, P., & Miller, R. (1988). Flora of Turkey, Volume 10 (Vol. 1). Edinburgh University Press.
  • de Lima Gondim, F., dos Santos, G. R., do Nascimento, I. F. M. G., Serra, D. S., & Cavalcante, F. S. A. (2018). Beneficial effects of eucalyptol in the pathophysiological changes of the respiratory system: a proposal for alternative pharmacological therapy for individuals with COPD. Eur J Med Plants, 25(1), 1-10.
  • Dhakad, A. K., Pandey, V. V., Beg, S., Rawat, J. M., & Singh, A. (2018). Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(3), 833-848.
  • El-Kalamouni, C., Venskutonis, P. R., Zebib, B., Merah, O., Raynaud, C., & Talou, T. (2017). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. grown in France. Medicines, 4(2), 30.
  • Evans, W. C. (2009). Trease and Evans' pharmacognosy. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Faustino, T. T., Almeida, R. B. D., & Andreatini, R. (2010). Medicinal plants for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a review of controlled clinical studies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 429-436.
  • Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Denkova, Z., Stoyanova, A., Murgov, I., Schmidt, E., & Geissler, M. (2005). Antimicrobial testinas and gas chromatoaraphic analvsis of pure oxvaenated monoterpenes 1.8-cineole, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol and camphor as well as target comoounds in essential oils of pine (Pinus pinaster), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). Scientia pharmaceutica, 73(1), 27-39.
  • Jnanesha, A. C., Ashish, K., & Vanitha, T. K. (2019). Variation in the yield and chemical composition of eucalyptus species (Nilagiri) under different agro climatic condition of India. Int J Herbal Med, 7(1), 04-7.
  • Juergens LJ, Worth H, Juergens UR, 2020. New perspectives for mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and adjunctive therapy with 1, 8-cineole in COPD and asthma: review on the new therapeutic approach. Advances in therapy, 37(5), 1737-1753.
  • Kordali, S., Kotan, R., Mavi, A., Cakir, A., Ala, A., & Yildirim, A. (2005). Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, A. dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera essential oils. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(24), 9452-9458.
  • Kottearachchi, N. S., Sammani, A., Kelaniyangoda, D. B., & Samarasekara, R. (2012). Anti-fungal activity of essential oils of Ceylon Eucalyptus species for the control of Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45(17), 2026-2035.
  • Kumar, A., Shukla, R., Singh, P., Prasad, C. S., & Dubey, N. K. (2008). Assessment of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil as a safe botanical preservative against post harvest fungal infestation of food commodities. Innovative food science & emerging technologies, 9(4), 575-580.
  • Mssillou, I., Agour, A., El Ghouizi, A., Hamamouch, N., Lyoussi, B., & Derwich, E. (2020). Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antifungal effects of essential oil from Laurus nobilis L. flowers growing in Morocco. Journal of Food Quality, 2020, 1-8.
  • Nadim, M. M., Malik, A. A., Ahmad, J., & Bakshi, S. K. (2011). The essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. cultivated under tropical condition in India. World J Agric Sci, 7(5), 561-565.
  • Nostro, A., Germano, M. P., D’angelo, V., Marino, A., & Cannatelli, M. A. (2000). Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Letters in applied microbiology, 30(5), 379-384.
  • Orav, A., Arak, E., & Raal, A. (2006). Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. from various European Countries. Natural product research, 20(12), 1082-1088.
  • Ouassil, M., Mohamed Abdoul-Latif, F., Attahar, W., Ainane, A., & Ainane, T. (2021). Chemical composition of bay laurel and rosemary essential oils from morocco and their antifungal activity against fusarium strains. Pharmacologyonline, 2, 426-433.
  • Pandith, J. I. (2012). Phytochemical screening of certain plant species of Agra city. Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics, 2(4).
  • Parham, S., Kharazi, A. Z., Bakhsheshi-Rad, H. R., Nur, H., Ismail, A. F., Sharif, S., ... & Berto, F. (2020). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials. Antioxidants, 9(12), 1309.
  • Rohloff, J., Skagen, E. B., Steen, A. H., & Iversen, T. H. (2000). Production of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in Norway: essential oil content and quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(12), 6205-6209.
  • Sharopov, F., Braun, M. S., Gulmurodov, I., Khalifaev, D., Isupov, S., & Wink, M. (2015). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils of selected aromatic plants from Tajikistan. Foods, 4(4), 645-653.
  • Sırıken, B., Yavuz, C., & Güler, A. (2018). Antibacterial Activity of Laurus nobilis: A review of literature. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(11), 374-379.
  • Stevanovic, Z. D., Pljevljakušic, D., Ristic, M., Šoštaric, I., Kresovic, M., Simic, I., & Vrbnièanin, S. (2015). Essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium agg. populations collected from saline habitats in Serbia. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(6), 1343-1352.
  • Ünlü, M., Daferera, D., Dönmez, E., Polissiou, M., Tepe, B., & Sökmen, A. (2002). Compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achillea setacea and Achillea teretifolia (Compositae). journal of ethnopharmacology, 83(1-2), 117-121.
  • Wani, A. R., Yadav, K., Khursheed, A., & Rather, M. A. (2021). An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses. Microbial Pathogenesis, 152, 104620.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Biyoloji / Biology
Authors

Alper Zöngür 0000-0003-4946-3199

Early Pub Date May 27, 2023
Publication Date June 1, 2023
Submission Date November 30, 2022
Acceptance Date February 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Zöngür, A. (2023). Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(2), 906-913. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1212495
AMA Zöngür A. Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. June 2023;13(2):906-913. doi:10.21597/jist.1212495
Chicago Zöngür, Alper. “Achillea Millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal Ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (June 2023): 906-13. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1212495.
EndNote Zöngür A (June 1, 2023) Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13 2 906–913.
IEEE A. Zöngür, “Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 906–913, 2023, doi: 10.21597/jist.1212495.
ISNAD Zöngür, Alper. “Achillea Millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal Ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13/2 (June 2023), 906-913. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1212495.
JAMA Zöngür A. Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2023;13:906–913.
MLA Zöngür, Alper. “Achillea Millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal Ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 906-13, doi:10.21597/jist.1212495.
Vancouver Zöngür A. Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2023;13(2):906-13.