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Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes

Year 2022, Volume: 34 Issue: 4, 611 - 617, 31.12.2022

Ali İmran Ayten Gökçe Kurt

Abstract

In this study, the changes in the molecular structure, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP), which is the most widely used industrial polymer, were investigated quantitatively during the recycling processes. In order to represent the recycling process, neat PP-homopolymer was subjected to recycling by extrusion and granulation process for five times, and rheological properties, molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of the samples obtained after each step were examined by a rotational rheometer, and then the tensile test results of the samples prepared in the film forms were evaluated. It was observed that the molecular weight decrease in the recycling processes was mainly occurred in the first recycling process and the decrease continued in each recycling process. It has also been determined that the mechanical strength of the samples below a certain molecular weight causes deterioration in a way that does not even allow forming of film samples.

Keywords

Polypropylene Recycling Extrusion Rheology Mechanical properties Mechanical properties.

References

  • [1] Aurrekoetxea, J., Sarrionandia, M.A., Urrutibeascoa, I. (2001). Effects of recycling on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene, Journal of Materials Science, 36, 2607-2613.
  • [2] Rogueda-Berriet, C., Bahlouii, N., Pessey, D., Rémond, Y. (2011). Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Polypropylene Composites Under Tensile, Bending, and Creep Loading: Experimental and Modeling, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 133 (3), 1-7.
  • [3] Stoian, S.A., Gabor, A.G., Albu, A.M., Nicolae, C.A., Raditoiu, V., Panaitescu, D.M. 2019. Recycled polypropylene with improved thermal stability and melt processability, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 138 (4), 2469-2480.
  • [4] Incarnato, L., Scarfato, P., Acierno, D. (1999). Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene, Polymer Engineering and Science, 39 (4), 749-755.
  • [5] Brachet, P., Hoydal, L.T., Hinrichsen, E.L., Melum, F. (2008). Modification of mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene from post-consumer containers, Waste Management, 28, 2456-2464.
  • [6] Zander, N.E., Gillan, M., Burckhard, Z., Gardea, F. (2019). Recycled polypropylene blends as novel 3D printing materials, Additive Manufacturing, 25, 122-130.
  • [7] Matei, E., Rapa, M., Andras, A.A., Predescu, A.M., Pantilimon, C., Pica, A., Predescu, C. (2017). Recycled Polypropylene Improved with Thermoplastic Elastomers, International Journal of Polymer Science, 2017, 1-10.
  • [8] Szpieg, M., Wysocki, M., Asp, LE. (2011). Mechanical performance and modelling of a fully recycled modified CF/PP composite, Journal of Composite Materials, 46 (12), 1503-1517.
  • [9] Zulkifli, N.I., Samat, N., Anuar, H., Zainuddin, N. (2015). Mechanical properties and failure modes of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites, Materials and Design, 69, 114-123.
  • [10] Homkhiew, C., Ratanawilai, T., Thongruang, W. (2014). Time–temperature and stress dependent behaviors of composites made from recycled polypropylene and rubberwood flour, Construction and Building Materials, 66, 98-104.
  • [11] Hung, K., Wu, T., Chen, Y., Wu, J. (2016). Assessing the effect of wood acetylation on mechanical properties and extended creep behavior of wood/recycled-polypropylene composites, Construction and Building Materials, 108, 139-145.
  • [12] Szpieg, M., Giannadakis, K., Asp, L.E. (2011). Viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior of a fully recycled carbon fiber-reinforced maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene modified polypropylene composite, Journal of Composite Materials, 46 (13), 1633-1646.
  • [13] Giannadakis, K., Szpieg, M., Varna, J. (2011). Mechanical Performance of a Recycled Carbon Fibre/PP Composite, Experimental Mechanics, 51, 767-777.
  • [14] Kakroodi, A.R., Leduc, S., Rodrigue, D. (2012). Effect of Hybridization and Compatibilization on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene-Hemp Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124, 2494-2500.
  • [15] Zdiri, K., Elamria, A., Hamdaouia, M., Harzallah, O., Khenoussi, N., Brendlé, J. 2018. “Reinforcement of recycled PP polymers by nanoparticles incorporation”, Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 11 (3), 296-311.

Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes

Year 2022, Volume: 34 Issue: 4, 611 - 617, 31.12.2022

Ali İmran Ayten Gökçe Kurt

Abstract

In this study, the changes in the molecular structure, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP), which is the most widely used industrial polymer, were investigated quantitatively during the recycling processes. In order to represent the recycling process, neat PP-homopolymer was subjected to recycling by extrusion and granulation process for five times, and rheological properties, molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of the samples obtained after each step were examined by a rotational rheometer, and then the tensile test results of the samples prepared in the film forms were evaluated. It was observed that the molecular weight decrease in the recycling processes was mainly occurred in the first recycling process and the decrease continued in each recycling process. It has also been determined that the mechanical strength of the samples below a certain molecular weight causes deterioration in a way that does not even allow forming of film samples.

Keywords

Mechanical properties. Polypropylene Recycling Extrusion Rheology

References

  • [1] Aurrekoetxea, J., Sarrionandia, M.A., Urrutibeascoa, I. (2001). Effects of recycling on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene, Journal of Materials Science, 36, 2607-2613.
  • [2] Rogueda-Berriet, C., Bahlouii, N., Pessey, D., Rémond, Y. (2011). Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Polypropylene Composites Under Tensile, Bending, and Creep Loading: Experimental and Modeling, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 133 (3), 1-7.
  • [3] Stoian, S.A., Gabor, A.G., Albu, A.M., Nicolae, C.A., Raditoiu, V., Panaitescu, D.M. 2019. Recycled polypropylene with improved thermal stability and melt processability, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 138 (4), 2469-2480.
  • [4] Incarnato, L., Scarfato, P., Acierno, D. (1999). Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene, Polymer Engineering and Science, 39 (4), 749-755.
  • [5] Brachet, P., Hoydal, L.T., Hinrichsen, E.L., Melum, F. (2008). Modification of mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene from post-consumer containers, Waste Management, 28, 2456-2464.
  • [6] Zander, N.E., Gillan, M., Burckhard, Z., Gardea, F. (2019). Recycled polypropylene blends as novel 3D printing materials, Additive Manufacturing, 25, 122-130.
  • [7] Matei, E., Rapa, M., Andras, A.A., Predescu, A.M., Pantilimon, C., Pica, A., Predescu, C. (2017). Recycled Polypropylene Improved with Thermoplastic Elastomers, International Journal of Polymer Science, 2017, 1-10.
  • [8] Szpieg, M., Wysocki, M., Asp, LE. (2011). Mechanical performance and modelling of a fully recycled modified CF/PP composite, Journal of Composite Materials, 46 (12), 1503-1517.
  • [9] Zulkifli, N.I., Samat, N., Anuar, H., Zainuddin, N. (2015). Mechanical properties and failure modes of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites, Materials and Design, 69, 114-123.
  • [10] Homkhiew, C., Ratanawilai, T., Thongruang, W. (2014). Time–temperature and stress dependent behaviors of composites made from recycled polypropylene and rubberwood flour, Construction and Building Materials, 66, 98-104.
  • [11] Hung, K., Wu, T., Chen, Y., Wu, J. (2016). Assessing the effect of wood acetylation on mechanical properties and extended creep behavior of wood/recycled-polypropylene composites, Construction and Building Materials, 108, 139-145.
  • [12] Szpieg, M., Giannadakis, K., Asp, L.E. (2011). Viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior of a fully recycled carbon fiber-reinforced maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene modified polypropylene composite, Journal of Composite Materials, 46 (13), 1633-1646.
  • [13] Giannadakis, K., Szpieg, M., Varna, J. (2011). Mechanical Performance of a Recycled Carbon Fibre/PP Composite, Experimental Mechanics, 51, 767-777.
  • [14] Kakroodi, A.R., Leduc, S., Rodrigue, D. (2012). Effect of Hybridization and Compatibilization on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene-Hemp Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124, 2494-2500.
  • [15] Zdiri, K., Elamria, A., Hamdaouia, M., Harzallah, O., Khenoussi, N., Brendlé, J. 2018. “Reinforcement of recycled PP polymers by nanoparticles incorporation”, Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 11 (3), 296-311.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ali İmran Ayten 0000-0002-3948-3690

Gökçe Kurt 0000-0002-8262-4786

Early Pub Date December 23, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 34 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ayten, A. İ., & Kurt, G. (2022). Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 34(4), 611-617.
AMA Ayten Aİ, Kurt G. Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes. JEPS. December 2022;34(4):611-617.
Chicago Ayten, Ali İmran, and Gökçe Kurt. “Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 34, no. 4 (December 2022): 611-17.
EndNote Ayten Aİ, Kurt G (December 1, 2022) Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 34 4 611–617.
IEEE A. İ. Ayten and G. Kurt, “Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes”, JEPS, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 611–617, 2022.
ISNAD Ayten, Ali İmran - Kurt, Gökçe. “Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 34/4 (December 2022), 611-617.
JAMA Ayten Aİ, Kurt G. Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes. JEPS. 2022;34:611–617.
MLA Ayten, Ali İmran and Gökçe Kurt. “Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, vol. 34, no. 4, 2022, pp. 611-7.
Vancouver Ayten Aİ, Kurt G. Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene During Recycling Processes. JEPS. 2022;34(4):611-7.
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