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İhracatta Ulusal ve Uluslararası Pazarlama İstihbaratı Kaynakları - Elektronik Veritabanları ve Faydalı Linkler

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 68 - 96, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1100279

Abstract

Ticaret hem sosyal hem de ekonomik argümanlara dayalı ve ilk çağlardan itibaren insan hayatını şekillendiren bir olgudur. En genel tanımıyla ticareti; malların, hizmetlerin ya da bilginin; para, başka bir mal, hizmet ya da bilgi ile mübadele edilmesi şeklinde tanımlamak mümkündür. Söz konusu takas işleminde tarafların uluslararası pozisyonları, ticareti de uluslararası ticaret ya da dış ticaret şeklinde tanımlamayı gerektirmektedir. Dış ticareti, ticaretten apayrı bir olgu olarak değerlendirmek yanlış olmakla beraber; dış ticaret akışında yer alan işlemlerin karmaşık yapısı, tarafların sahip olması gereken bilgi ve bilginin istihbarat niteliği taşıması özelliğinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, kuruluşların dış ticaret operasyonlarını yönetirken organizasyonlarının altyapı hazırlık sürecinden dış ticaret mevzuat ve teamüllerine, ürün, pazar ve müşteri profili araştırmalarından pazara giriş stratejilerine, dış ticaret iş akışında oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olan vesaik konusundan çeşitli ödeme yöntemlerine kadar ihtiyaç duydukları bilgilere ve duyulan bilgi ihtiyacına yanıt verebilecek pazarlama istihbaratı kaynaklarına odaklanmaktadır. İçerisinde bulunduğumuz Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde dış ticaret operasyonlarının, ülkelerin aldığı tedbirlerden olumsuz etkilenmemesi mümkün değildir. Bu sebeple, günümüz dış ticaret operasyonlarının yönetilmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan masa başı araştırmaların ve dolayısıyla elektronik veritabanlarının önemi önceki dönemlere kıyasla daha fazla vurguya ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Araştırmanın kapsamını sınırlandırmak amacıyla, çalışmaya dahil edilen istihbarat kaynakları, alanyazında ekonomik büyüme ile sıklıkla ilişkilendirilen ihracat uygulamaları açısından tartışılmaktadır.

References

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  • Ahonen, T. T., Kasper, T., & Melkko, S. (2004). 3G marketing: Communities and strategic partnerships. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Akın, H. (2019, Ağustos 19-29). AB Müktesebatı ve dış ticaret eğitimi. AB-Türkiye İş Köprülerinin Daha Fazla İşbirliği ve Anlayış Yoluyla Güçlendirilmesi Projesi . Samsun: TEBD.
  • Akın, H. (2020). Yeni işimiz dış ticaret e-kitap (13. b.). Ankara: Hakan Akın.
  • Arabacı, H., & Yücel, D. (2020). Pandeminin Türkiye ekonomisine etkileri ve Türkiye merkez bankası tarafından finansal istikrarı sağlamak amacıyla alınan önlemler. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 91-98.
  • Barker, A. T., & Kaynak, E. (1992). An empirical investigation of the differences between initiating and continuing exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 26(3), 27-36.
  • Barrett, A. (1995). It's a small (business) world. Business Week, 17, 96-101.
  • Bayraktutan, Y. (2003). Bilgi ve uluslararası ticaret teorileri. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 175-186.
  • Bell, J. (1996). Improving export marketing intelligence and planning with the aid of a teaching company scheme. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14(5), 31-38.
  • Bell, J. D. (1994). The role of Government in small-firm internationalisation: A comparative study of export promotion in Finland, Ireland and Norway, with specific reference to the computer software industry. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Strathclyde.
  • Bello, D. C., & Gilliland, D. I. (1997). The effects of output controls, process controls, and flexibility on export channel performance. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 22-38.
  • Blenkhorn, D. L., & Fleisher, C. S. (2005). Competitive intelligence and global business. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Bodur, M. (1986). A study on the nature and intensity of problems experienced by Turkish exporting firms. Advances in International Marketing, 1(1), 205-232.
  • Brown, D. (1990). Game-winning strategies for Europe's new market. Management Review, 79(5), 10.
  • Cacciolatti, L. A., & Fearne, A. (2013). Marketing intelligence in SMEs: Implications for the industry and policy makers. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31(1), 4-26.
  • Calof, J. L., & Skinner, B. (1998). Competitive intelligence for government officers: A brave new world. Optimum, 28(2), 38-42.
  • Calof, J. L., & Wright, S. (2008). Competitive intelligence: A practitioner, academic and inter‐disciplinary perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 717-730.
  • Cateora, P. R., & Ghauri, P. N. (2000). International marketing. European ed., Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Publishing.
  • Cateora, P. R., Meyer, R. B., Gilly, M. C., & Graham, J. L. (2020). International marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Cheong, W. K., & Chong, K. W. (1988). Export behaviour of small firms in Singapore. International Small Business Journal, 6(2), 34-41.
  • Cleland, D. I., & King, W. R. (1975). Competitive business intelligence systems. Business Horizons, 18(6), 19-28.
  • Czinkota, M. R. (1994). Executive insights: A national export assistance policy for new and growing businesses. Journal of International Marketing, 2(1), 91-101.
  • Czinkota, M. R., & Ronkainen, I. A. (1998). International Marketing. Chicago, IL, USA: The Dryden Press, Harcourt College Publishers.
  • Daft, R. L., Sormunen, J., & Parks, D. (1998). Chief executive scanning, environmental characteristics, and company performance: An empirical study. Strategic Management Journal, 9(2), 123-139.
  • Darling, J. R., & Seristo, H. T. (2004). Key steps for success in export markets. European Business Review, 16(1), 28-43.
  • Dosher, M., Benepe, O., Humphrey, A., Stewart, R., & Lie, B. (1960). The SWOT analysis method. Menlo Park: Stanford Research Institute.
  • Douglas, S. P., & Craig, C. S. (1992). Advances in international marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 9(4), 291-318.
  • Fehringer, D., Hohhof, B., & Johnson, T. (2006). State of the art competitive intelligence . Virginia: Competitive Intelligence Foundation Research Report.
  • Fleisher, C. (2007). Using open source data in developing competitive and marketing intelligence. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 852-866.
  • Freytag, P. V., & Clarke, A. H. (2001). Business to business market segmentation. Industrial Marketing Management, 30(6), 473–86.
  • Fuellhart, K. G., & Glasmeier, A. K. (2003). Acquisition, assessment and use of business information by small-and medium-sized businesses: a demand perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(3), 229-252.
  • Ghoshal, S., & Westney, D. E. (1991). Organizing competitor analysis systems. Strategic Management Journal, 12(1), 17-31.
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  • Graef, J. L. (1997). Using the Internet for competitive intelligence: A survey report. Competitive Intelligence Review, 8(4), 41-47.
  • Gül, E., & Kamacı, A. (2012). Dış ticaretin büyüme üzerine etkileri: Bir panel veri analizi. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(3), 81-91.
  • Iazzi, A., Trio, O., Pandurino, A., & Caione, A. (2015). The evaluation of market attractiveness through the marketing intelligence approach: A tool for the SMEs. International Journal of Markets and Business Systems, 1(2), 92-107.
  • İSO. (2014). ITC Trademap ile hedef pazar seçimi. İstanbul: Umur Basım.
  • Jeannet, J. P., & Hennessey, H. D. (2004). Global marketing: An interactive approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Johnson, J. L., Sakano, T., Cote, J. A., & Onzo, N. (1993). The exercise of interfirm power and its repercussions in US-Japanese channel relationships. Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 1-10.
  • Keegan, W. J. (1998). Global marketing management. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.
  • Koch, A. J. (2001). Selecting overseas markets and entry modes: Two decision processes or one? Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(1), 65-75.
  • Kotabe, M., & Helsen, K. (1998). Global marketing management. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2017). International economics: Theory and policy (10. b.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Kuratko, D. F., & Hodgetts, R. M. (1995). Entrepreneurship. Texas: Dryden Press.
  • Kurban, E. (2014). İhracat sürecinde bilgi ve belge yönetiminin önemi. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 28(2), 207-210.
  • Leonidou, L. C. (2000). Barriers to export management: An organizational and internationalization analysis. Journal of International Management, 6(2), 121-148.
  • Leonidou, L. C., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2010). Integrative assessment of exporting research articles in business journals during the period 1960–2007. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 879-887.
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  • Lublin, J. S. (1990). US food firms find Europe’s huge market hardly a piece of cake. Wall Street Journal, 15, 1-18.
  • Malhotra, S., Sivakumar, K., & Zhu, P. C. (2009). Distance factors and target market selection: The moderating effect of market potential . International Marketing Review, 26(6), 651–673.
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  • Mete, M. (2015). METE, M. (Türkiye'nin daha karlı zeytinyağı ihracatı yapabilmesi için ticari istihbarat ve hedef pazar seçiminin önemi: Örnek bir uygulama. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 14(2), 371-386.
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National and International Marketing Intelligence Resources in Export- Electronic Databases and Useful Links

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 68 - 96, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1100279

Abstract

Trade is a phenomenon that is based on both social and economic arguments and has shaped human life since the first ages. In its most general definition, trade; it is possible to define it as the exchange of goods, services or information with money, another good, service or information. The international positions of the parties in the aforementioned barter transaction necessitate defining the trade as international trade or foreign trade. Although it is wrong to consider foreign trade as a separate phenomenon from trade; the complex nature of the transactions in the foreign trade flow emphasizes the importance of the information that the parties should have and the intelligence quality of the information. This study examines the information they need from the infrastructure preparation process of their organizations to foreign trade regulations and practices, from product, market and customer profile research to market entry strategies, from the document issue, which has a very important place in the foreign trade workflow, to various payment methods, while managing their foreign trade operations. focuses on marketing intelligence resources that can respond to information needs. It is not possible for foreign trade operations not to be adversely affected by the measures taken by countries during the Covid-19 pandemic we are in. For this reason, the importance of desk research and electronic databases, which have an important place in the management of today's foreign trade operations, needs more emphasis than in previous periods. In order to limit the scope of the research, the intelligence sources included in the study are discussed in terms of export practices, which are frequently associated with economic growth in the literature.

References

  • Acar, Ü. G. (2021). Covid-19 önlemlerinin dış ticaret işlemlerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi . International Journal of Management Economics & Business, 17(2), 506-539.
  • Ahonen, T. T., Kasper, T., & Melkko, S. (2004). 3G marketing: Communities and strategic partnerships. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Akın, H. (2019, Ağustos 19-29). AB Müktesebatı ve dış ticaret eğitimi. AB-Türkiye İş Köprülerinin Daha Fazla İşbirliği ve Anlayış Yoluyla Güçlendirilmesi Projesi . Samsun: TEBD.
  • Akın, H. (2020). Yeni işimiz dış ticaret e-kitap (13. b.). Ankara: Hakan Akın.
  • Arabacı, H., & Yücel, D. (2020). Pandeminin Türkiye ekonomisine etkileri ve Türkiye merkez bankası tarafından finansal istikrarı sağlamak amacıyla alınan önlemler. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 91-98.
  • Barker, A. T., & Kaynak, E. (1992). An empirical investigation of the differences between initiating and continuing exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 26(3), 27-36.
  • Barrett, A. (1995). It's a small (business) world. Business Week, 17, 96-101.
  • Bayraktutan, Y. (2003). Bilgi ve uluslararası ticaret teorileri. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 175-186.
  • Bell, J. (1996). Improving export marketing intelligence and planning with the aid of a teaching company scheme. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14(5), 31-38.
  • Bell, J. D. (1994). The role of Government in small-firm internationalisation: A comparative study of export promotion in Finland, Ireland and Norway, with specific reference to the computer software industry. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Strathclyde.
  • Bello, D. C., & Gilliland, D. I. (1997). The effects of output controls, process controls, and flexibility on export channel performance. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 22-38.
  • Blenkhorn, D. L., & Fleisher, C. S. (2005). Competitive intelligence and global business. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Bodur, M. (1986). A study on the nature and intensity of problems experienced by Turkish exporting firms. Advances in International Marketing, 1(1), 205-232.
  • Brown, D. (1990). Game-winning strategies for Europe's new market. Management Review, 79(5), 10.
  • Cacciolatti, L. A., & Fearne, A. (2013). Marketing intelligence in SMEs: Implications for the industry and policy makers. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31(1), 4-26.
  • Calof, J. L., & Skinner, B. (1998). Competitive intelligence for government officers: A brave new world. Optimum, 28(2), 38-42.
  • Calof, J. L., & Wright, S. (2008). Competitive intelligence: A practitioner, academic and inter‐disciplinary perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 717-730.
  • Cateora, P. R., & Ghauri, P. N. (2000). International marketing. European ed., Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Publishing.
  • Cateora, P. R., Meyer, R. B., Gilly, M. C., & Graham, J. L. (2020). International marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Cheong, W. K., & Chong, K. W. (1988). Export behaviour of small firms in Singapore. International Small Business Journal, 6(2), 34-41.
  • Cleland, D. I., & King, W. R. (1975). Competitive business intelligence systems. Business Horizons, 18(6), 19-28.
  • Czinkota, M. R. (1994). Executive insights: A national export assistance policy for new and growing businesses. Journal of International Marketing, 2(1), 91-101.
  • Czinkota, M. R., & Ronkainen, I. A. (1998). International Marketing. Chicago, IL, USA: The Dryden Press, Harcourt College Publishers.
  • Daft, R. L., Sormunen, J., & Parks, D. (1998). Chief executive scanning, environmental characteristics, and company performance: An empirical study. Strategic Management Journal, 9(2), 123-139.
  • Darling, J. R., & Seristo, H. T. (2004). Key steps for success in export markets. European Business Review, 16(1), 28-43.
  • Dosher, M., Benepe, O., Humphrey, A., Stewart, R., & Lie, B. (1960). The SWOT analysis method. Menlo Park: Stanford Research Institute.
  • Douglas, S. P., & Craig, C. S. (1992). Advances in international marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 9(4), 291-318.
  • Fehringer, D., Hohhof, B., & Johnson, T. (2006). State of the art competitive intelligence . Virginia: Competitive Intelligence Foundation Research Report.
  • Fleisher, C. (2007). Using open source data in developing competitive and marketing intelligence. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 852-866.
  • Freytag, P. V., & Clarke, A. H. (2001). Business to business market segmentation. Industrial Marketing Management, 30(6), 473–86.
  • Fuellhart, K. G., & Glasmeier, A. K. (2003). Acquisition, assessment and use of business information by small-and medium-sized businesses: a demand perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(3), 229-252.
  • Ghoshal, S., & Westney, D. E. (1991). Organizing competitor analysis systems. Strategic Management Journal, 12(1), 17-31.
  • Glueck, W., & Jauch, L. (1994). Business policy and management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Graef, J. L. (1997). Using the Internet for competitive intelligence: A survey report. Competitive Intelligence Review, 8(4), 41-47.
  • Gül, E., & Kamacı, A. (2012). Dış ticaretin büyüme üzerine etkileri: Bir panel veri analizi. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(3), 81-91.
  • Iazzi, A., Trio, O., Pandurino, A., & Caione, A. (2015). The evaluation of market attractiveness through the marketing intelligence approach: A tool for the SMEs. International Journal of Markets and Business Systems, 1(2), 92-107.
  • İSO. (2014). ITC Trademap ile hedef pazar seçimi. İstanbul: Umur Basım.
  • Jeannet, J. P., & Hennessey, H. D. (2004). Global marketing: An interactive approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Johnson, J. L., Sakano, T., Cote, J. A., & Onzo, N. (1993). The exercise of interfirm power and its repercussions in US-Japanese channel relationships. Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 1-10.
  • Keegan, W. J. (1998). Global marketing management. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.
  • Koch, A. J. (2001). Selecting overseas markets and entry modes: Two decision processes or one? Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(1), 65-75.
  • Kotabe, M., & Helsen, K. (1998). Global marketing management. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2017). International economics: Theory and policy (10. b.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Kuratko, D. F., & Hodgetts, R. M. (1995). Entrepreneurship. Texas: Dryden Press.
  • Kurban, E. (2014). İhracat sürecinde bilgi ve belge yönetiminin önemi. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 28(2), 207-210.
  • Leonidou, L. C. (2000). Barriers to export management: An organizational and internationalization analysis. Journal of International Management, 6(2), 121-148.
  • Leonidou, L. C., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2010). Integrative assessment of exporting research articles in business journals during the period 1960–2007. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 879-887.
  • Levy, M., & Powell, P. (2005). Strategies for growth in SMEs: The role of information and information sytems. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Lublin, J. S. (1990). US food firms find Europe’s huge market hardly a piece of cake. Wall Street Journal, 15, 1-18.
  • Malhotra, S., Sivakumar, K., & Zhu, P. C. (2009). Distance factors and target market selection: The moderating effect of market potential . International Marketing Review, 26(6), 651–673.
  • Maltz, E., & Kohli, A. K. (1996). Market intelligence dissemination across functional boundaries. Journal of Marketing Research, 33(1), 47-61.
  • Mete, M. (2015). METE, M. (Türkiye'nin daha karlı zeytinyağı ihracatı yapabilmesi için ticari istihbarat ve hedef pazar seçiminin önemi: Örnek bir uygulama. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 14(2), 371-386.
  • Miesenbock, K. J. (1988). Small businesses and exporting: a literature review. International Small Business Journal, 6(2), 42-61. Morgan, N. A., Kaleka, A., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2004). Antecedents of export venture performance: A theoretical model and empirical assessment. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 90-108.
  • Morgan, N. A., Katsikeas, C. S., & Vorhies, D. W. (2012). Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), 271-289.
  • Oakland, J. S., Oakland, R. J., & Turner, M. A. (2021). Total quality management and operational excellence: Text with cases (5 b.). UK: Routledge.
  • Olson, E. M., Slater, S. F., & Hult, G. T. (2005). The importance of structure and process to strategy implementation. Business Horizons, 48(1), 47-54.
  • Onkvisit, S., & Shaw, J. J. (1997). International marketing: Analysis and strategy. USA: MacMillan Publishing Company.
  • Papadopoulos, N., & Denis, J. E. (1988). Inventory, taxonomy and assessment of methods for international market selection. International Marketing Review, 5(3), 38-51.
  • Patton, K. M., & McKenna, T. M. (2005). Scanning for competitive intelligence. Competitive Intelligence Magazine, 8(2), 24-29.
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There are 82 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics, Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hilal Memiş Kamacı 0000-0003-0567-1404

Mustafa Kemal Yılmaz 0000-0002-6906-5414

Atakan Durmaz 0000-0003-0374-9757

Early Pub Date July 29, 2022
Publication Date July 31, 2022
Submission Date April 12, 2022
Acceptance Date June 13, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Memiş Kamacı, H., Yılmaz, M. K., & Durmaz, A. (2022). İhracatta Ulusal ve Uluslararası Pazarlama İstihbaratı Kaynakları - Elektronik Veritabanları ve Faydalı Linkler. InTraders International Trade Academic Journal, 5(1), 68-96. https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1100279