Preparation of Centella asiatica (L). and Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) Plant Extracts and Development of Anti-Aging Herbal Cream Formulations

Elif Aydınlı; Bayram Demir; Haydar Göksu

doi:10.53811/ijtcmr.1315159

Research Article

Preparation of Centella asiatica (L). and Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) Plant Extracts and Development of Anti-Aging Herbal Cream Formulations

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 68 - 78, 28.08.2023

Elif Aydınlı Bayram Demir Haydar Göksu

https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1315159

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study is to use two different plant extracts such as St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and Centella asiatica (L.) in the cream formulation and to determine the anti-aging effect of the new formulation.
Material-Method: The plants used in the study were obtained commercially and plant extracts were obtained using the classical extraction techniques in the literature. The active ingredients in the obtained extracts were determined by HPLC method. Physical, protective efficacy, microbial analysis and anti-aging tests were carried out for cream formulations obtained with extracts.
Results: Plant extraction studies were carried out in the study. Centella asiatica (L.) was extracted with 20.8% yield at 20 mL of methanol and 60 ℃. As a result of HPLC analysis, it was determined that there were 1740 mg/kg asiatic acid and 4380 mg/kg madecasic acid in the extract. In the extraction studies performed on Hypericum perforatum, the expected active ingredient, hypericin, was not found. For this reason, commercial extract containing 2.5% hyperforin was obtained and the studies were continued on these extracts and final cream formulations were obtained.
Conclusion: pH, viscosity, density, protective effectiveness tests and microbial analysis tests of the final formulations were performed. In addition, in vitro anti-aging studies have been carried out in accredited laboratories. With in-vitro anti-aging tests, it was determined that the level of collagen 1A increased more in the formulation where both extracts were used together.

Keywords

Hypericum perforatum, Centella asiatica (L.), In Vitro, Anti-aging Hearbal Cream

Supporting Institution

Duzce University

Project Number

2021.26.07.1263

Thanks

We thank Düzce University for their support.

References

1. Oyenihi A, George T, Oyenihi O, Obilana A, Opperman M. Three Decades of Research on Centella asiatica: Insights and Future Trends from Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2023:100662.
2. Sabaragamuwa R, Perera CO, Fedrizzi B. Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) as a neuroprotectant and its potential role in healthy ageing. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2018;79:88-97.
3. Tripathy S, Verma DK, Thakur M, Chakravorty N, Singh S, Srivastav PP. Recent trends in extraction, identification and quantification methods of Centella asiatica phytochemicals with potential applications in food industry and therapeutic relevance: A review. Food Bioscience. 2022:101864.
4. Sherban A, Wang JV. Role of Cica (Centella asiatica) in Skincare Formulations: Examination of a Popular Ingredient. Skinmed. 2022;20(2):94-96.
5. Ratz-Łyko A, Arct J, Pytkowska K. Moisturizing and antiinflammatory properties of cosmetic formulations containing Centella asiatica extract. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2016;78(1):27.
6. Idris FN, Mohd Nadzir M. Comparative studies on different extraction methods of Centella asiatica and extracts bioactive compounds effects on antimicrobial activities. Antibiotics. 2021;10(4):457.
7. Karsono AH, Tandrasasmita OM, Berlian G, Tjandrawinata RR. Potential antiaging effects of DLBS1649, a centella asiatica bioactive extract. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2021:781-795.
8. Dhanasekaran M, Tharakan B, Holcomb LA, Hitt AR, Young KA, Manyam BV. Neuroprotective mechanisms of ayurvedic antidementia botanical Bacopa monniera. Phytotherapy Research. 2007;21(10):965-969.
9. Astutik FEF, Zuhroh DF, Ramadhan MRL. The effect of gotu kola (Centella asiatica L.) tea on blood pressure of hypertension. Enfermeria Clinica. 2021;31:S195-S198.
10. Emran TB, Dutta M, Uddin MMN, Nath AK, Uddin MZ. Antidiabetic potential of the leaf extract of Centella asiatica in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences. 2015;4(1):51-59.
11. Ding B, Niu W, Wang S, et al. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves heart function through multi-level mechanisms revealed by systems pharmacology. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022;291:115106.
12. Astyamalia S, Nugraha MTA, Eko F. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kombinasi Daun Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol) dan Pegagan (Centella Asiatica). INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi. 2023;2(2):378-384.
13. Saha S, Guria T, Singha T, Maity TK. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Centella asiatica Linn. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2013;2013.
14. Bakar INA, Ibrahim MF, Hakiman M, et al. Characterization of asiaticoside concentration, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of different varieties of Centella asiatica (L.) and essential oil extraction using hydro-distillation with enzyme assisted. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2022;44:102474.
15. Cheng C, Koo M. Effects of Centella asiatica on ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Life sciences. 2000;67(21):2647-2653.
16. Gohil KJ, Patel JA, Gajjar AK. Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: a potential herbal cure-all. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2010;72(5):546.
17. Orhan IE. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: From traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2012;2012.
18. Boga M, Ertas A, Eroglu-Ozkan E, Kizil M, Ceken B, Topcu G. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and DNA protective effects of Hypericum capitatum var. capitatum extracts. South African Journal of Botany. 2016;104:249-257.
19. Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Cocaj L, Nixha AR, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of novel N-substituted phthalazine sulfonamide compounds as potent carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorganic chemistry. 2019;89:103004.
20. Boran R. Investigations of anti-aging potential of Hypericum origanifolium Willd. for skincare formulations. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;118:290-295.
21. Papaemmanouil CD, Peña-García J, Banegas-Luna AJ, et al. ANTIAGE-DB: A Database and Server for the Prediction of Anti-Aging Compounds Targeting Elastase, Hyaluronidase, and Tyrosinase. Antioxidants. 2022;11(11):2268.
22. Mahawar V, Patidar K, Joshi N. Unmet Need and Challenges of Skin Aging by Herbal Anti-aging Cosmeceuticals: An Overview. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2018;12(2):S410.
23. Silva AR, Taofiq O, Ferreira IC, Barros L. Hypericum genus cosmeceutical application–A decade comprehensive review on its multifunctional biological properties. Industrial Crops and Products. 2021;159:113053.
24. Galeotti N, Farzad M, Bianchi E, Ghelardini C. PKC-mediated potentiation of morphine analgesia by St. John’s Wort in rodents and humans. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2014;124(4):409-417.
25. Kim BR, Kim M, Na J-I, Huh C-H, Shin J-W. A Randomized Split-Face Study of Photodynamic Therapy With St. John's Wort and Indole-3-Acetic Acid for the Treatment of Acne. Dermatologic Surgery. 2022:10.1097.
26. Bonaterra GA, Schwendler A, Hüther J, et al. Neurotrophic, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of St. John's wort extract on differentiated mouse hippocampal HT-22 neurons. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2018:955.
27. Silva BA, Malva JO, Dias AC. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extracts and isolated phenolic compounds are effective antioxidants in several in vitro models of oxidative stress. Food Chemistry. 2008;110(3):611-619.
28. Çelebi Ö, Başer S, Güler MC, Çelebi D, Çelebi S. Determination of Antibacterial Activity of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Oil, Nigella Sativa Oil, Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) Oil, Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis) and Garlic (Allium sativa) Oil Against Microorganisms Isolated From Clinical Samples. New Trends in Medicine Sciences. 2023;4(1):19-26.
29. Alavi Dana SM, Khoshnazar M, Banyarani SP, et al. Anti-cancer Potential of Hypericum spp. with Focus on Hypericum Perforatum: A Review of the Literature. Current Traditional Medicine. 2023;9(4):87-104.
30. Mohammadi G, Rafiee G, El Basuini MF, et al. Oregano (Origanum vulgare), St John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extracts improved the growth rate, antioxidative, and immunological responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Reports. 2020;18:100445.
31. Ersoy E, Ozkan EE, Boga M, Yilmaz MA, Mat A. Anti-aging potential and anti-tyrosinase activity of three Hypericum species with focus on phytochemical composition by LC–MS/MS. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;141:111735.
32. Fibrich BD, Lall N. Fighting the inevitable: skin aging and plants. Medicinal Plants for Holistic Health and Well-Being: Elsevier; 2018:77-115.
33. Beerhues L. Hyperforin. Phytochemistry. 2006;67(20):2201-2207.
34. Khuanekkaphan M, Noysang C, Khobjai W. Anti-aging potential and phytochemicals of Centella asiatica, Nelumbo nucifera, and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2020;11(4):174.
35. Astuti IY, Yupitawati A, Nurulita NA. Anti-aging activity of tetrahydrocurcumin, Centella asiatica extract, and its mixture. Advances in Traditional Medicine. 2021;21:57-63.
36. Kramer RZ, Bella J, Brodsky B, Berman HM. The crystal and molecular structure of a collagen-like peptide with a biologically relevant sequence. Journal of molecular biology. 2001;311(1):131-147.
37. Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology. 2012;4(3):308-319.

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 68 - 78, 28.08.2023

Elif Aydınlı Bayram Demir Haydar Göksu

https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1315159

Abstract

Project Number

2021.26.07.1263

References

1. Oyenihi A, George T, Oyenihi O, Obilana A, Opperman M. Three Decades of Research on Centella asiatica: Insights and Future Trends from Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2023:100662.
2. Sabaragamuwa R, Perera CO, Fedrizzi B. Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) as a neuroprotectant and its potential role in healthy ageing. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2018;79:88-97.
3. Tripathy S, Verma DK, Thakur M, Chakravorty N, Singh S, Srivastav PP. Recent trends in extraction, identification and quantification methods of Centella asiatica phytochemicals with potential applications in food industry and therapeutic relevance: A review. Food Bioscience. 2022:101864.
4. Sherban A, Wang JV. Role of Cica (Centella asiatica) in Skincare Formulations: Examination of a Popular Ingredient. Skinmed. 2022;20(2):94-96.
5. Ratz-Łyko A, Arct J, Pytkowska K. Moisturizing and antiinflammatory properties of cosmetic formulations containing Centella asiatica extract. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2016;78(1):27.
6. Idris FN, Mohd Nadzir M. Comparative studies on different extraction methods of Centella asiatica and extracts bioactive compounds effects on antimicrobial activities. Antibiotics. 2021;10(4):457.
7. Karsono AH, Tandrasasmita OM, Berlian G, Tjandrawinata RR. Potential antiaging effects of DLBS1649, a centella asiatica bioactive extract. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2021:781-795.
8. Dhanasekaran M, Tharakan B, Holcomb LA, Hitt AR, Young KA, Manyam BV. Neuroprotective mechanisms of ayurvedic antidementia botanical Bacopa monniera. Phytotherapy Research. 2007;21(10):965-969.
9. Astutik FEF, Zuhroh DF, Ramadhan MRL. The effect of gotu kola (Centella asiatica L.) tea on blood pressure of hypertension. Enfermeria Clinica. 2021;31:S195-S198.
10. Emran TB, Dutta M, Uddin MMN, Nath AK, Uddin MZ. Antidiabetic potential of the leaf extract of Centella asiatica in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences. 2015;4(1):51-59.
11. Ding B, Niu W, Wang S, et al. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves heart function through multi-level mechanisms revealed by systems pharmacology. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022;291:115106.
12. Astyamalia S, Nugraha MTA, Eko F. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kombinasi Daun Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol) dan Pegagan (Centella Asiatica). INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi. 2023;2(2):378-384.
13. Saha S, Guria T, Singha T, Maity TK. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Centella asiatica Linn. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2013;2013.
14. Bakar INA, Ibrahim MF, Hakiman M, et al. Characterization of asiaticoside concentration, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of different varieties of Centella asiatica (L.) and essential oil extraction using hydro-distillation with enzyme assisted. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2022;44:102474.
15. Cheng C, Koo M. Effects of Centella asiatica on ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Life sciences. 2000;67(21):2647-2653.
16. Gohil KJ, Patel JA, Gajjar AK. Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: a potential herbal cure-all. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2010;72(5):546.
17. Orhan IE. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: From traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2012;2012.
18. Boga M, Ertas A, Eroglu-Ozkan E, Kizil M, Ceken B, Topcu G. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and DNA protective effects of Hypericum capitatum var. capitatum extracts. South African Journal of Botany. 2016;104:249-257.
19. Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Cocaj L, Nixha AR, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of novel N-substituted phthalazine sulfonamide compounds as potent carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorganic chemistry. 2019;89:103004.
20. Boran R. Investigations of anti-aging potential of Hypericum origanifolium Willd. for skincare formulations. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;118:290-295.
21. Papaemmanouil CD, Peña-García J, Banegas-Luna AJ, et al. ANTIAGE-DB: A Database and Server for the Prediction of Anti-Aging Compounds Targeting Elastase, Hyaluronidase, and Tyrosinase. Antioxidants. 2022;11(11):2268.
22. Mahawar V, Patidar K, Joshi N. Unmet Need and Challenges of Skin Aging by Herbal Anti-aging Cosmeceuticals: An Overview. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2018;12(2):S410.
23. Silva AR, Taofiq O, Ferreira IC, Barros L. Hypericum genus cosmeceutical application–A decade comprehensive review on its multifunctional biological properties. Industrial Crops and Products. 2021;159:113053.
24. Galeotti N, Farzad M, Bianchi E, Ghelardini C. PKC-mediated potentiation of morphine analgesia by St. John’s Wort in rodents and humans. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2014;124(4):409-417.
25. Kim BR, Kim M, Na J-I, Huh C-H, Shin J-W. A Randomized Split-Face Study of Photodynamic Therapy With St. John's Wort and Indole-3-Acetic Acid for the Treatment of Acne. Dermatologic Surgery. 2022:10.1097.
26. Bonaterra GA, Schwendler A, Hüther J, et al. Neurotrophic, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of St. John's wort extract on differentiated mouse hippocampal HT-22 neurons. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2018:955.
27. Silva BA, Malva JO, Dias AC. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extracts and isolated phenolic compounds are effective antioxidants in several in vitro models of oxidative stress. Food Chemistry. 2008;110(3):611-619.
28. Çelebi Ö, Başer S, Güler MC, Çelebi D, Çelebi S. Determination of Antibacterial Activity of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Oil, Nigella Sativa Oil, Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) Oil, Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis) and Garlic (Allium sativa) Oil Against Microorganisms Isolated From Clinical Samples. New Trends in Medicine Sciences. 2023;4(1):19-26.
29. Alavi Dana SM, Khoshnazar M, Banyarani SP, et al. Anti-cancer Potential of Hypericum spp. with Focus on Hypericum Perforatum: A Review of the Literature. Current Traditional Medicine. 2023;9(4):87-104.
30. Mohammadi G, Rafiee G, El Basuini MF, et al. Oregano (Origanum vulgare), St John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extracts improved the growth rate, antioxidative, and immunological responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Reports. 2020;18:100445.
31. Ersoy E, Ozkan EE, Boga M, Yilmaz MA, Mat A. Anti-aging potential and anti-tyrosinase activity of three Hypericum species with focus on phytochemical composition by LC–MS/MS. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;141:111735.
32. Fibrich BD, Lall N. Fighting the inevitable: skin aging and plants. Medicinal Plants for Holistic Health and Well-Being: Elsevier; 2018:77-115.
33. Beerhues L. Hyperforin. Phytochemistry. 2006;67(20):2201-2207.
34. Khuanekkaphan M, Noysang C, Khobjai W. Anti-aging potential and phytochemicals of Centella asiatica, Nelumbo nucifera, and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2020;11(4):174.
35. Astuti IY, Yupitawati A, Nurulita NA. Anti-aging activity of tetrahydrocurcumin, Centella asiatica extract, and its mixture. Advances in Traditional Medicine. 2021;21:57-63.
36. Kramer RZ, Bella J, Brodsky B, Berman HM. The crystal and molecular structure of a collagen-like peptide with a biologically relevant sequence. Journal of molecular biology. 2001;311(1):131-147.
37. Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology. 2012;4(3):308-319.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (Other)
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Elif Aydınlı 0000-0002-4823-344X Bayram Demir 0000-0003-2547-2664 Haydar Göksu 0000-0002-6544-3641
Project Number	2021.26.07.1263
Publication Date	August 28, 2023
Submission Date	June 16, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Aydınlı, E., Demir, B., & Göksu, H. (2023). Preparation of Centella asiatica (L). and Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) Plant Extracts and Development of Anti-Aging Herbal Cream Formulations. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research, 4(2), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1315159

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