Research Article
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Investigation the Physical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen Modified with Warm Mix Asphalt Additive

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 182 - 189, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.966398

Abstract

Bituminous binders constitute 4-7% of the flexible pavements by weight play an important role on the structural and functional performance of pavements. Traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) production is done at 150-190 °C that results high-energy usage, smoke and odor emission therefore significant cost loss and environmental damage. Increasing environmental awareness has questioned whether HMA can be produced at lower temperatures. Consequently, warm mix asphalt (WMA) and cold asphalt applications were developed as alternatives. WMA applications researched within the scope can be done by using organic, chemical additives or foaming methods. WMA is generally an application based on the reduction of the viscosity of bitumen. The aim was to modify the base bitumen by adding WMA additive called Sasobit, the most widely used chemical product in the world, ranging from 1% to 5% and investigate the changes in physical and rheological properties of bitumen. In this research, penetration, softening and flash point, viscosity tests were applied, thermal sensitivity was analysed, and rheological properties of base and short-term aging from, which required high-temperature grade of bitumen, were investigated using dynamic shear rheometer. Eventually, Sasobit modification significantly changed all studied properties of bitumen except of flash point.

Thanks

I would like to thank Adana Bitumen Chief of the General Directorate of Highways for supplying bitumen samples and providing laboratory facilities, and TEKNOMET Mühendislik Tem. ve Tic.t Ltd. Şti. For providing Sasobit additive.

References

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  • [2] H. Shi, T. Xu, P. Zhou, and R. Jiang, "Combustion properties of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes in asphalt binder," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 136, pp. 515-523, 2017/04/01/ 2017.
  • [3] S. H. Firoozifar, S. Foroutan, and S. Foroutan, "The effect of asphaltene on thermal properties of bitumen," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 89, pp. 2044-2048, 2011.
  • [4] J. Neves, A. Correia Diogo, and L. de Picado Santos, "Bituminous Binders and Mixtures," in Materials for Construction and Civil Engineering: Science, Processing, and Design, M. C. Gonçalves and F. Margarido, Eds., ed Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 237-271.
  • [5] M. Yılmaz, B. V. Kök, N. Kuloğlu, and T. Alataş, "Elastomer türü polimerler ile modifiye edilmiş bitümlü bağlayıcıların depolama stabilitelerinin ve reolojik özeliklerinin," Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi,, vol. 15, pp. 67-77, 2013.
  • [6] L. Lewandowski, "Polymer modification of paving asphalt binders," Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 67, pp. 447-480, 1994.
  • [7] C. Giavarini, "Polymer-modified bitumen," Developments in Petroleum Science, vol. 40, pp. 381-400, 1994.
  • [8] Y. Yildirim, "Polymer modified asphalt binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, pp. 66-72, 2007.
  • [9] J. Oner, B. Sengoz, S. F. Rija, and A. Topal, "Investigation of the rheological properties of elastomeric polymer-modified bitumen using warm-mix asphalt additives," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 18, pp. 1049-1066, 2017.
  • [10] C. Plug, A. de Bondt, and H. Roos, "Performance of bitumen 70/100 obtained from different suppliers," presented at the 5th European Asphalt Technology Association Conference, Germany, 2013.
  • [11] A. Sağlık and E. Öztürk, "Türkiye'de üretilen sathi kaplamalarda kullanılan bitümlerin performans sınıflarının belirlenmesi " Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, 2014.
  • [12] U. Isacsson and H. Zeng, "Relationships between bitumen chemistry and low temperature behaviour of asphalt," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 11, pp. 83-91, 1997.
  • [13] ASMÜD. (2017, 14.08.2017). Karayolu ağının kaplama tipine göre oranı.
  • [14] M. Yılmaz and B. V. Kök, "Stiren-Butadien-Stiren modifiyeli bitümlü bağlayıcıların superpave sistemine göre yüksek sıcaklık performans seviyesinin ve işlenebilirliğinin belirlenmesi," 2008.
  • [15] M. Sienkiewicz, K. Borzędowska-Labuda, A. Wojtkiewicz, and H. Janik, "Development of methods improving storage stability of bitumen modified with ground tire rubber: A review," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 159, pp. 272-279, 2017.
  • [16] L. Liu, F. Xiao, H. Zhang, and S. Amirkhanian, "Rheological characteristics of alternative modified binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 144, pp. 442-450, 2017.
  • [17] I. Gökalp, H. M. Çetin, Y. Özinal, H. Gündoğan, and V. E. Uz, "Polimer Modifiye Bitüm Modifikasyonuna Etki Eden Parametreler Üzerine Bir Literatür Araştırması," Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, pp. 954-964, 2018.
  • [18] J. C. Munera and E. A. Ossa, "Polymer modified bitumen: Optimization and selection," Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 62, pp. 91-97, 2014.
  • [19] T. McNally, "1 - Introduction to polymer modified bitumen (PmB)," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 1-21.
  • [20] F. Navarro, P. Partal, F. Martınez-Boza, and C. Gallegos, "Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens," Fuel, vol. 83, pp. 2041-2049, 2004.
  • [21] R. Blanco, R. Rodríguez, M. García‐Garduño, and V. Castaño, "Rheological properties of styrene‐butadiene copolymer–reinforced asphalt," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 61, pp. 1493-1501, 1996.
  • [22] M. Iwanski and G. Mazurek, "Rheological characteristics of synthetic wax-modified asphalt binders," Polimery, vol. 57, pp. 661-664, 2012.
  • [23] G. Polacco, S. Filippi, M. Paci, F. Giuliani, and F. Merusi, "Structural and rheological characterization of wax modified bitumens," Fuel, vol. 95, pp. 407-416, 2012
  • [24] T. Yi-qiu, Z. Lei, G. Wei-qiang, and G. Meng, "Investigation of the effects of wax additive on the properties of asphalt binder," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 36, pp. 578-584, 2012
  • [25] ISFALT, Asfalt ve Uygulamaları, 1 ed. İstanbul: İSFALT, 2001
  • [26] EAPA, "Ilık Karışım Asfalt," ASMÜD, Ankara, Türkiye, 2016
  • [27] T. Litman and D. Burwell, "Issues in sustainable transportation," International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, vol. 6, pp. 331-347, 2006.
  • [28] L. Steg and R. Gifford, "Sustainable transportation and quality of life," Journal of transport geography, vol. 13, pp. 59-69, 2005.
  • [29] C. Mihyeon Jeon and A. Amekudzi, "Addressing sustainability in transportation systems: definitions, indicators, and metrics," Journal of infrastructure systems, vol. 11, pp. 31-50, 2005
  • [30] I. Thanaya, S. Zoorob, and J. Forth, "A laboratory study on cold-mix, cold-lay emulsion mixtures," in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport, 2009, pp. 47-55, 2009
  • [31] R. Pereira, A. Almeida-Costa, C. Duarte, and A. Benta, "Warm mix asphalt: Chemical additives’ effects on bitumen properties and limestone aggregates mixture compactibility," International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 11, pp. 285-299, 2018.
  • [32] . A. Dokandari, J. Oner, A. Topal, and B. Sengoz, "A Laboratory Study of An Organic Warm Mix Asphalt Additive on Aging Characteristics of Bituminous Mixtures," Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 332-337, 2014.
  • [33] M. C. Rubio, G. Martínez, L. Baena, and F. Moreno, "Warm mix asphalt: an overview," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 24, pp. 76-84, 2012.
  • [34] A. K. Arshad, F. A. M. Kridan, and M. Y. A. Rahman, "The effects of Sasobit® modifier on binder at high and intermediate temperatures," International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), vol. 2, pp. 81-84, 2013.
  • [35] H. Fazaeli, H. Behbahani, A. A. Amini, J. Rahmani, and G. Yadollahi, "High and low temperature properties of FT-paraffin-modified bitumen," Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2012, 2012.
  • [36] S. A. Yero and M. R. Hainin, "Viscosity characteristics of modified bitumen," ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 500-503, 2012.
  • [37] D. Cao and J. Ji, "Evaluation of the Long-term Properties of Sasobit Modified Asphalt," International Journal of Pavement Research & Technology, vol. 4, 2011
  • [38] P. A. Dokandari and A. Topal, "Effects of warm mix asphalt additives on aging characteristics of bituminous mixtures," Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 59, pp. 475-486, 2015
  • [39] S. Carlina, B. S. Subagio, and A. Kusumawati, "The Performance of Warm Mix for the Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) Using the Asphalt Pen 60/70 and the Sasobit® Additives," Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 26, pp. 11-16, 2019.
  • [40] J. Raveesh, R. Dhumagond, and S. Bijjur, "Experimental Study of WMA by Using Sasobit Additive," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 13, pp. 163-165, 2018
  • [41] J. Zhang, F. Yang, J. Pei, S. Xu, and F. An, "Viscosity-temperature characteristics of warm mix asphalt binder with Sasobit®," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 78, pp. 34-39, 2015.
  • [42] G.-j. Zhao and P. Guo, "Workability of Sasobit warm mixture asphalt," Energy Procedia, vol. 16, pp. 1230-1236, 2012.
  • [43] G. C. Hurley and B. D. Prowell, "Evaluation of Sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt," NCAT report, vol. 5, pp. 1-27, 2005.
  • [44] CEN, "Bitüm ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar-İğne batma derinliği tayini (Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of needle penetration), TS EN 1426," ed, 2015.
  • [45] CEN, "Bitüm ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar-Yumuşama noktası tayini-Halka ve bilye yöntemi (Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the softening point - Ring and Ball method), TS EN 1427," ed, 2015
  • [46] CEN, "Petrol ürünleri-Parlama ve yanma noktası tayini-Cleveland açık kap metodu (Determination of flash and fire points - Cleveland open cup method), TS EN ISO 2592," ed, 2006
  • [47] ASTM, "Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer, ASTM D4402," ed, 2015.
  • [48] Y. Taşdemir, "Bitümlü kaplamaların termal davranışlarının performans testleri ile incelenmesi," Doktora PhD, İnşaat Mühendisliği, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2003
  • [49] CEN, "Bitümler ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar - Karmaşık kesme modülü ve faz açısının tayini - Dinamik kesme rheometresi (Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle - Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), TS EN 14770," ed, 2012.
  • [50] CEN, " Bitüm ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar - Isı ve hava etkisi altında sertleşme direncinin tayini - Bölüm 1: RTFOT yöntemi Başlık ( Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the resistance to hardening under influence of heat and air - Part 1: RTFOT method), TS EN 12607-1 " ed, 2015.
Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 182 - 189, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.966398

Abstract

References

  • [1] D. Lesueur, "The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification," Advances in colloid and interface science, vol. 145, pp. 42-82, 2009.
  • [2] H. Shi, T. Xu, P. Zhou, and R. Jiang, "Combustion properties of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes in asphalt binder," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 136, pp. 515-523, 2017/04/01/ 2017.
  • [3] S. H. Firoozifar, S. Foroutan, and S. Foroutan, "The effect of asphaltene on thermal properties of bitumen," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 89, pp. 2044-2048, 2011.
  • [4] J. Neves, A. Correia Diogo, and L. de Picado Santos, "Bituminous Binders and Mixtures," in Materials for Construction and Civil Engineering: Science, Processing, and Design, M. C. Gonçalves and F. Margarido, Eds., ed Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 237-271.
  • [5] M. Yılmaz, B. V. Kök, N. Kuloğlu, and T. Alataş, "Elastomer türü polimerler ile modifiye edilmiş bitümlü bağlayıcıların depolama stabilitelerinin ve reolojik özeliklerinin," Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi,, vol. 15, pp. 67-77, 2013.
  • [6] L. Lewandowski, "Polymer modification of paving asphalt binders," Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 67, pp. 447-480, 1994.
  • [7] C. Giavarini, "Polymer-modified bitumen," Developments in Petroleum Science, vol. 40, pp. 381-400, 1994.
  • [8] Y. Yildirim, "Polymer modified asphalt binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, pp. 66-72, 2007.
  • [9] J. Oner, B. Sengoz, S. F. Rija, and A. Topal, "Investigation of the rheological properties of elastomeric polymer-modified bitumen using warm-mix asphalt additives," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 18, pp. 1049-1066, 2017.
  • [10] C. Plug, A. de Bondt, and H. Roos, "Performance of bitumen 70/100 obtained from different suppliers," presented at the 5th European Asphalt Technology Association Conference, Germany, 2013.
  • [11] A. Sağlık and E. Öztürk, "Türkiye'de üretilen sathi kaplamalarda kullanılan bitümlerin performans sınıflarının belirlenmesi " Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, 2014.
  • [12] U. Isacsson and H. Zeng, "Relationships between bitumen chemistry and low temperature behaviour of asphalt," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 11, pp. 83-91, 1997.
  • [13] ASMÜD. (2017, 14.08.2017). Karayolu ağının kaplama tipine göre oranı.
  • [14] M. Yılmaz and B. V. Kök, "Stiren-Butadien-Stiren modifiyeli bitümlü bağlayıcıların superpave sistemine göre yüksek sıcaklık performans seviyesinin ve işlenebilirliğinin belirlenmesi," 2008.
  • [15] M. Sienkiewicz, K. Borzędowska-Labuda, A. Wojtkiewicz, and H. Janik, "Development of methods improving storage stability of bitumen modified with ground tire rubber: A review," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 159, pp. 272-279, 2017.
  • [16] L. Liu, F. Xiao, H. Zhang, and S. Amirkhanian, "Rheological characteristics of alternative modified binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 144, pp. 442-450, 2017.
  • [17] I. Gökalp, H. M. Çetin, Y. Özinal, H. Gündoğan, and V. E. Uz, "Polimer Modifiye Bitüm Modifikasyonuna Etki Eden Parametreler Üzerine Bir Literatür Araştırması," Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, pp. 954-964, 2018.
  • [18] J. C. Munera and E. A. Ossa, "Polymer modified bitumen: Optimization and selection," Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 62, pp. 91-97, 2014.
  • [19] T. McNally, "1 - Introduction to polymer modified bitumen (PmB)," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 1-21.
  • [20] F. Navarro, P. Partal, F. Martınez-Boza, and C. Gallegos, "Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens," Fuel, vol. 83, pp. 2041-2049, 2004.
  • [21] R. Blanco, R. Rodríguez, M. García‐Garduño, and V. Castaño, "Rheological properties of styrene‐butadiene copolymer–reinforced asphalt," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 61, pp. 1493-1501, 1996.
  • [22] M. Iwanski and G. Mazurek, "Rheological characteristics of synthetic wax-modified asphalt binders," Polimery, vol. 57, pp. 661-664, 2012.
  • [23] G. Polacco, S. Filippi, M. Paci, F. Giuliani, and F. Merusi, "Structural and rheological characterization of wax modified bitumens," Fuel, vol. 95, pp. 407-416, 2012
  • [24] T. Yi-qiu, Z. Lei, G. Wei-qiang, and G. Meng, "Investigation of the effects of wax additive on the properties of asphalt binder," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 36, pp. 578-584, 2012
  • [25] ISFALT, Asfalt ve Uygulamaları, 1 ed. İstanbul: İSFALT, 2001
  • [26] EAPA, "Ilık Karışım Asfalt," ASMÜD, Ankara, Türkiye, 2016
  • [27] T. Litman and D. Burwell, "Issues in sustainable transportation," International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, vol. 6, pp. 331-347, 2006.
  • [28] L. Steg and R. Gifford, "Sustainable transportation and quality of life," Journal of transport geography, vol. 13, pp. 59-69, 2005.
  • [29] C. Mihyeon Jeon and A. Amekudzi, "Addressing sustainability in transportation systems: definitions, indicators, and metrics," Journal of infrastructure systems, vol. 11, pp. 31-50, 2005
  • [30] I. Thanaya, S. Zoorob, and J. Forth, "A laboratory study on cold-mix, cold-lay emulsion mixtures," in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport, 2009, pp. 47-55, 2009
  • [31] R. Pereira, A. Almeida-Costa, C. Duarte, and A. Benta, "Warm mix asphalt: Chemical additives’ effects on bitumen properties and limestone aggregates mixture compactibility," International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 11, pp. 285-299, 2018.
  • [32] . A. Dokandari, J. Oner, A. Topal, and B. Sengoz, "A Laboratory Study of An Organic Warm Mix Asphalt Additive on Aging Characteristics of Bituminous Mixtures," Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 332-337, 2014.
  • [33] M. C. Rubio, G. Martínez, L. Baena, and F. Moreno, "Warm mix asphalt: an overview," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 24, pp. 76-84, 2012.
  • [34] A. K. Arshad, F. A. M. Kridan, and M. Y. A. Rahman, "The effects of Sasobit® modifier on binder at high and intermediate temperatures," International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), vol. 2, pp. 81-84, 2013.
  • [35] H. Fazaeli, H. Behbahani, A. A. Amini, J. Rahmani, and G. Yadollahi, "High and low temperature properties of FT-paraffin-modified bitumen," Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2012, 2012.
  • [36] S. A. Yero and M. R. Hainin, "Viscosity characteristics of modified bitumen," ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 500-503, 2012.
  • [37] D. Cao and J. Ji, "Evaluation of the Long-term Properties of Sasobit Modified Asphalt," International Journal of Pavement Research & Technology, vol. 4, 2011
  • [38] P. A. Dokandari and A. Topal, "Effects of warm mix asphalt additives on aging characteristics of bituminous mixtures," Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 59, pp. 475-486, 2015
  • [39] S. Carlina, B. S. Subagio, and A. Kusumawati, "The Performance of Warm Mix for the Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) Using the Asphalt Pen 60/70 and the Sasobit® Additives," Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 26, pp. 11-16, 2019.
  • [40] J. Raveesh, R. Dhumagond, and S. Bijjur, "Experimental Study of WMA by Using Sasobit Additive," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 13, pp. 163-165, 2018
  • [41] J. Zhang, F. Yang, J. Pei, S. Xu, and F. An, "Viscosity-temperature characteristics of warm mix asphalt binder with Sasobit®," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 78, pp. 34-39, 2015.
  • [42] G.-j. Zhao and P. Guo, "Workability of Sasobit warm mixture asphalt," Energy Procedia, vol. 16, pp. 1230-1236, 2012.
  • [43] G. C. Hurley and B. D. Prowell, "Evaluation of Sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt," NCAT report, vol. 5, pp. 1-27, 2005.
  • [44] CEN, "Bitüm ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar-İğne batma derinliği tayini (Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of needle penetration), TS EN 1426," ed, 2015.
  • [45] CEN, "Bitüm ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar-Yumuşama noktası tayini-Halka ve bilye yöntemi (Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the softening point - Ring and Ball method), TS EN 1427," ed, 2015
  • [46] CEN, "Petrol ürünleri-Parlama ve yanma noktası tayini-Cleveland açık kap metodu (Determination of flash and fire points - Cleveland open cup method), TS EN ISO 2592," ed, 2006
  • [47] ASTM, "Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer, ASTM D4402," ed, 2015.
  • [48] Y. Taşdemir, "Bitümlü kaplamaların termal davranışlarının performans testleri ile incelenmesi," Doktora PhD, İnşaat Mühendisliği, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2003
  • [49] CEN, "Bitümler ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar - Karmaşık kesme modülü ve faz açısının tayini - Dinamik kesme rheometresi (Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle - Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), TS EN 14770," ed, 2012.
  • [50] CEN, " Bitüm ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar - Isı ve hava etkisi altında sertleşme direncinin tayini - Bölüm 1: RTFOT yöntemi Başlık ( Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the resistance to hardening under influence of heat and air - Part 1: RTFOT method), TS EN 12607-1 " ed, 2015.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İslam Gokalp 0000-0003-3198-3508

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gokalp, İ. (2021). Investigation the Physical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen Modified with Warm Mix Asphalt Additive. European Journal of Technique (EJT), 11(2), 182-189. https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.966398

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