Abstract
Bu çalışmada kurutulmuş kayısı, incir, siyah
üzüm, sarı üzüm, elma, erik ve dut örneklerinde mikrobiyolojik kalitenin
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kurutulmuş meyve örnekleri toplam mezofilik aerob
bakteri, koliform, Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus spp., küf-maya ve sülfit
indirgeyen anaerob bakteri varlığı yönünden standart analiz yöntemleri ile
incelenmiştir. E. coli (%10) ve
sülfit indirgeyen anaerob bakteriler (%10) sadece kurutulmuş siyah üzüm
örneklerinde; S. aureus ise sadece
kurutulmuş erik (%20) ve kurutulmuş dut (%10) örneklerinde saptanmıştır. Analiz
edilen kurutulmuş meyve örneklerinin tamamı küf ve maya sayısı açısından Türk
Gıda Kodeksi’ne göre kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisindedir. Bu çalışma ile
analiz edilen kurutulmuş meyve örneklerinin mevcut durumda halk sağlığı
açısından risk oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır. Ancak analiz edilen örneklerde
patojen bakteri ve hijyen indikatörü mikroorganizmaların bulunması kötü
muhafaza koşullarında halk sağlığı açısından sorunlara neden olabileceğini
düşündürmektedir.
References
- 1. Asghar MA, Ahmed A, Zahir E, Asghar MA, Iqbal J, Walker G. (2017). Incidence of Aflatoxins Contamination in Dry Fruits and Edible Nuts Collected from Pakistan. Food Control. 78: 169-175.
- 2. Orsat V, Changrue V, Raghavan GSV. (2006). Microwave Drying of Fruits and Vegetables. Stewart Postharvest Rev. 6: 4-9.
- 3. Sagar VR, Suresh Kumar P. (2010). Recent Advances in Drying and Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables: a Review. J Food Sci Technol. 47(1): 15-26.
- 4. Erbay B, Küçüköner E. (2008). Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanılan Farklı Kurutma Sistemleri. Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs, Erzurum-Türkiye.
- 5. Grabowski S, Marcotte M, Ramaswamy HS. (2003). Drying of Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices. In: Handbook of Postharvest Technology: Cereals, Fruits, Vegetables, Tea, and Spices. Chakraverty A, Mujumdar AS, Raghavan GSV, Rawaswamy HS (eds). Chapter 23, pp 653–695. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA.
- 6. İçier F, Sabancı S. (2013). Kurutma ve İşletmede Hijyen. 11. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, 17-20 Nisan, İzmir-Türkiye.
- 7. Perera CO. (2005) Selected Quality Attributes of Dried Foods, Drying Tech. 23(4): 717-730.
- 8. Bezyma LA, Kutovoy VA. (2005). Vacuum Drying and Hybrid Technologies. Stewart Postharvest Rev. 4: 6–13.
- 9. Anonim. (2001). BAM-Bacteriological Analytical Manual. AOAC Int., Gaithersburg.
- 10. Harrigan WF. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
- 11. Wu Q, Xie L, Xu H. (2018). Determination of Toxigenic Fungi and Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dried Fruits using Imaging and Spectroscopic Techniques. Food Chem. 252(30): 228-242.
- 12. Masood, M, Iqbal SZ, Asi MR, Malik N. (2015). Natural Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Dry Fruits and Edible Nuts. Food Control, 55: 62–65.
- 13. Set E, Erkmen O. (2010). The Aflatoxin Contamination of Ground Red Pepper and Pistachio Nuts Sold in Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol. 48(8-9): 2532-2537.
- 14. Meldrum RJ, Ribeiro CD, Smith RMM, Walker AM, Simmons M, Worthington D, Edwards C. (2005). Microbiological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Foods: Results from a Long-Term Surveillance Program (1995 through 2003). J Food Protect. 68(8): 1654–1658.
- 15. Meldrum RJ, Smith RMM, Ellis P, Garside J. (2006). Microbiological quality of randomly selected ready-to-eat foods sampled between 2003 and 2005 in Wales, UK. On behalf of the Welsh Food Microbiological Forum. Int J Food Microbiol. 108(3): 397-400.
- 16. Candlish AAG, Pearson SM, Aidoo KE, Smith JE, Kelly B, Irvine H. (2001). A Survey of Ethnic Foods for Microbial Quality and Content Aflatoxin, Food Addit Contam. 18(2): 129-136.
- 17. Alghalibi SMS, Shater AM. (2004). Mycoflora and Mycotoxin Contamination of Some Dried Fruits in Yemen Republic. Ass Univ Bull Environ Res. 7(2): 19-27. 18. Anonim. (2011). TGK-Türk Gıda Kodeksi Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete tarihi: 09/12/2011 Sayısı: 28157 (3. Mükerrer), Ankara.
- 19. Zain ME. (2011). Impact of Mycotoxins on Humans and Ani-mals. J Saudi Chem Soc. 15, 129-144.
Abstract
In this research the aim was to determine
microbiological quality in dried apricot, fig, black grape, white grape, apple,
plum, and mulberry samples. Dried fruit samples were examined by standard
analysis methods in terms of total mesophilic aerob bacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
Staphylococcus-Micrococcus spp., mould-yeast and sulphide reducing
anaerobic bacteria. E. coli (10%) and sulphide reducing
anaerobic bacteria (10%) were only detected in dried black grape samples. S. aureus
was only detected in dried plum (20%) and dried mulberry (10%) samples. All of
the analyzed dried fruit samples were within the acceptable limits according to
Turkish Food Codex in terms of yeast and mold. By this study it was determined
that analyzed dried fruit samples do not threat public health. However,
presence of pathogen and hygiene indicator microorganisms in the analyzed
samples makes us think that bad preservation conditions may cause problems in
terms of public health.
References
- 1. Asghar MA, Ahmed A, Zahir E, Asghar MA, Iqbal J, Walker G. (2017). Incidence of Aflatoxins Contamination in Dry Fruits and Edible Nuts Collected from Pakistan. Food Control. 78: 169-175.
- 2. Orsat V, Changrue V, Raghavan GSV. (2006). Microwave Drying of Fruits and Vegetables. Stewart Postharvest Rev. 6: 4-9.
- 3. Sagar VR, Suresh Kumar P. (2010). Recent Advances in Drying and Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables: a Review. J Food Sci Technol. 47(1): 15-26.
- 4. Erbay B, Küçüköner E. (2008). Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanılan Farklı Kurutma Sistemleri. Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs, Erzurum-Türkiye.
- 5. Grabowski S, Marcotte M, Ramaswamy HS. (2003). Drying of Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices. In: Handbook of Postharvest Technology: Cereals, Fruits, Vegetables, Tea, and Spices. Chakraverty A, Mujumdar AS, Raghavan GSV, Rawaswamy HS (eds). Chapter 23, pp 653–695. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA.
- 6. İçier F, Sabancı S. (2013). Kurutma ve İşletmede Hijyen. 11. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, 17-20 Nisan, İzmir-Türkiye.
- 7. Perera CO. (2005) Selected Quality Attributes of Dried Foods, Drying Tech. 23(4): 717-730.
- 8. Bezyma LA, Kutovoy VA. (2005). Vacuum Drying and Hybrid Technologies. Stewart Postharvest Rev. 4: 6–13.
- 9. Anonim. (2001). BAM-Bacteriological Analytical Manual. AOAC Int., Gaithersburg.
- 10. Harrigan WF. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
- 11. Wu Q, Xie L, Xu H. (2018). Determination of Toxigenic Fungi and Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dried Fruits using Imaging and Spectroscopic Techniques. Food Chem. 252(30): 228-242.
- 12. Masood, M, Iqbal SZ, Asi MR, Malik N. (2015). Natural Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Dry Fruits and Edible Nuts. Food Control, 55: 62–65.
- 13. Set E, Erkmen O. (2010). The Aflatoxin Contamination of Ground Red Pepper and Pistachio Nuts Sold in Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol. 48(8-9): 2532-2537.
- 14. Meldrum RJ, Ribeiro CD, Smith RMM, Walker AM, Simmons M, Worthington D, Edwards C. (2005). Microbiological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Foods: Results from a Long-Term Surveillance Program (1995 through 2003). J Food Protect. 68(8): 1654–1658.
- 15. Meldrum RJ, Smith RMM, Ellis P, Garside J. (2006). Microbiological quality of randomly selected ready-to-eat foods sampled between 2003 and 2005 in Wales, UK. On behalf of the Welsh Food Microbiological Forum. Int J Food Microbiol. 108(3): 397-400.
- 16. Candlish AAG, Pearson SM, Aidoo KE, Smith JE, Kelly B, Irvine H. (2001). A Survey of Ethnic Foods for Microbial Quality and Content Aflatoxin, Food Addit Contam. 18(2): 129-136.
- 17. Alghalibi SMS, Shater AM. (2004). Mycoflora and Mycotoxin Contamination of Some Dried Fruits in Yemen Republic. Ass Univ Bull Environ Res. 7(2): 19-27. 18. Anonim. (2011). TGK-Türk Gıda Kodeksi Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete tarihi: 09/12/2011 Sayısı: 28157 (3. Mükerrer), Ankara.
- 19. Zain ME. (2011). Impact of Mycotoxins on Humans and Ani-mals. J Saudi Chem Soc. 15, 129-144.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2018 |
| Acceptance Date | December 30, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 2 |
